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Polyadenylation signals (PAS) are found in most protein-coding and some non-coding genes in eukaryotes. Their accurate recognition improves understanding gene regulation mechanisms and recognition of the 3'-end of transcribed gene regions where premature or alternate transcription ends may lead to various diseases. Although different methods and tools for in-silico prediction of genomic signals have been proposed, the correct identification of PAS in genomic DNA remains challenging due to a vast number of non-relevant hexamers identical to PAS hexamers. In this study, we developed a novel method for PAS recognition. The method is implemented in a hybrid PAS recognition model (HybPAS), which is based on deep neural networks (DNNs) and logistic regression models (LRMs). One of such models is developed for each of the 12 most frequent human PAS hexamers. DNN models appeared the best for eight PAS types (including the two most frequent PAS hexamers), while LRM appeared best for the remaining four PAS types. The new models use different combinations of signal processing-based, statistical, and sequence-based features as input. The results obtained on human genomic data show that HybPAS outperforms the well-tuned state-of-the-art Omni-PolyA models, reducing the classification error for different PAS hexamers by up to 57.35% for 10 out of 12 PAS types, with Omni-PolyA models being better for two PAS types. For the most frequent PAS types, 'AATAAA' and 'ATTAAA', HybPAS reduced the error rate by 35.14% and 34.48%, respectively. On average, HybPAS reduces the error by 30.29%. HybPAS is implemented partly in Python and in MATLAB available at https://github.com/EMANG-KAUST/PolyA_Prediction_LRM_DNN., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The logic of domains has become a key organizing principle for contemporary computing projects and in broader science policy. The logic parses collectives of expertise into 'domains' that are to be studied or engaged in order to inform computational advancements and/or interventions on the domains themselves. The concept of a domain is set against a proposition that there is a more general, domain independent or agnostic technique that can serve to intermediate the domains. This article contrasts instances of this discourse, organizing and techne, drawing from cases in artificial intelligence, software engineering, and science policy to illustrate three ongoing figurations of the logic as i) experimental research, ii) formalization in method and software tools, and iii) a de facto organizing principle for science policy and technology development.

Whether you are just starting to teach cryptography, or you teach it as a stand-alone course for computer science majors or as part of a complete major in cybersecurity, the question of how to provide hands-on experience is an important one. Some software may be too expensive, while other schemes only allow students to use small, toy examples. Here, a solution using a software package called bigint is examined. It can allow students to implement, try out, and try to break C++ implementations of most common public key cryptographic algorithms. Better yet, bigint is free and will run under Linux, which is often free as well. Thus, with this free software, students can implement common cryptographic algorithms, using large numbers instead of tiny ones, time how long the computations take, and investigate where the algorithms fail to work well -- the sort of exercises that help students more fully understand this technical and rapidly-changing field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the implementation of iMDsoft's Metavision as Boston Children's Hospital's anesthesia information management system (AIMS) software in 2012. It discusses the development of a "low-flow" interface for the system by 2015 to enhance teaching and patient safety during the delivery of low flow anesthesia.

Copyright of Revista Didasc@lia: Didáctica y Educación is the property of Universitaria de Las Tunas, Centro de Estudios de Didactica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article combines humanistic 'data critique' with informed inspection of big data analysis. It measures gender bias when gender prediction software tools (Gender API, Namsor, and Genderize.io) are used in historical big data research. Gender bias is measured by contrasting personally identified computer science authors in the well-regarded DBLP dataset (1950-80) with exactly comparable results from the software tools. Implications for public understanding of gender bias in computing and the nature of the computing profession are outlined. Preliminary assessment of the Semantic Scholar dataset is presented. The conclusion combines humanistic approaches with selective use of big data methods. KEYWORDS: gender bias, algorithmic bias, big data, history of computing, computer science research, digital humanities, GENDER BIAS IN COMPUTING HAS IMMENSE SOCIETY-wide ramifications, and our understanding of this troublesome phenomenon has expanded dramatically in the past several years. Alongside sharper understanding of power relations in [...]

Technological gadgets, methods, and accomplishments that make use of the most recent and advanced IT advances are examples of cutting-edge technology. "Cutting edge" is a term commonly used to describe the most advanced and forward-thinking companies in the IT industry. The term "cutting-edge technology" is used to describe the most advanced and up-to-date technological features, as opposed to "bleeding-edge technology," which is so novel that it presents risks to consumers. While the term "technology" is most often associated with computer and electronic devices, it can refer to advancements in virtually any field. The author of this paper has properly cited the most up-todate cutting-edge research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Informatica (03505596) is the property of Slovene Society Informatika and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The divide-and-conquer strategy has been widely used in cooperative co-evolutionary algorithms to deal with large-scale global optimization problems, where a target problem is decomposed into a set of lower-dimensional and tractable subproblems to reduce the problem complexity. However, such a strategy usually demands a large number of function evaluations to obtain an accurate variable grouping. To address this issue, a merged differential grouping (MDG) method is proposed in this article based on the subset–subset interaction and binary search. In the proposed method, each variable is first identified as either a separable variable or a nonseparable variable. Afterward, all separable variables are put into the same subset, and the nonseparable variables are divided into multiple subsets using a binary-tree-based iterative merging method. With the proposed algorithm, the computational complexity of interaction detection is reduced to $O(\max \{n,n_{ns}\times \log _{2} k\})$ , where $n$ , $n_{ns}(\leq n)$ , and $k(< n)$ indicate the numbers of decision variables, nonseparable variables, and subsets of nonseparable variables, respectively. The experimental results on benchmark problems show that MDG is very competitive with the other state-of-the-art methods in terms of efficiency and accuracy of problem decomposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contributions: The underrepresentation of women in computer science (CS) majors has long been a focus of attention in many academic documents, the majority of them from the United States and Europe. There is, however, a lack of information about educational interventions (EIs) for women in computing in Latin America. The contribution of this article is to cover this gap and describe what researchers in Latin American countries have been publishing about the recruitment and retention of women in the CS field. Background: Many EIs targeting female students at different educational levels—K-12, undergraduate, and graduate—have been undertaken to increase the participation of women in computing in Latin America. However, descriptions of these activities rarely are included in international academic databases. Research Questions: This literature mapping addresses two main research questions (RQ) about the topic of women in computing in academic publications in Latin American countries: RQ1) what are the characteristics of the publications about women in computing in Latin America? and RQ2) what are the published interventions to recruit and retain women in computing in Latin America? To answer RQ1, six subquestions were created covering year, language, country of origin, document type, and professional track. Furthermore, for RQ2, two subquestions were created involving educational level and the use of software development with a female theme. Methodology: This investigation used the systematic literature mapping process. To achieve a broad coverage of papers, the following sources were included: Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, EBSCO, the proceedings of the Latin American Women in Computing Conference (LAWCC), and those of the Women in Technology (WIT) workshop colocated with the annual conference of the Brazilian Computer Society (SBC). The included papers were published in the last decade (2010–2020) and written in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. Findings: The literature mapping encompasses 197 academic documents, 48.2% of which were written in Portuguese, 28.7% in English, and 23.1% in Spanish. The papers originated from 15 of the 20 Latin American countries. Brazil and Costa Rica have the highest number of publications overall. The documents describe initiatives to increase the participation of women in computing majors that cover the entire educational spectrum, from K-12 to graduate programs, but papers targeting populations in higher education have started to appear recently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the architecture of a processor can be uninteresting and deterring for computer science students, since low-level details of computer architecture are often perceived to lack real-world impact. These courses typically have a strong practical component where students learn the fundamentals of the computer architecture and the handling of input/output operations through the development of simple programs in a low-level assembly programming language. Since these practical sessions require a strong involvement, student attendance and withdrawal rates are poor, lowering academic results and introducing a negative feedback loop that preconditions students to dislike them. This article introduces a new methodology for the practical sessions of Computer Organization and Design courses. This methodology disavows the use of simulators and focuses on actual hardware to promote a feeling of proximity to the execution and outcome of the programs. The proposed setup uses Raspberry Pi devices to encourage students to work autonomously, due to their low cost, capability of running an OS, and rich ecosystem of simple hardware devices. The setup is completed with RISC OS, which combines a simple window-based graphical interface with a low-level management of the hardware without requiring software abstraction layers. The article presents the methodology and the UCDebug tool, developed to help students debug their codes in RISC OS. After the introduction of the new setup at the University of Cantabria, academic results and student satisfaction have improved. The setup has also allowed to sustain a similar organization of the courses throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiview multilabel (MVML) learning deals with objects with diverse feature vectors and rich semantics. Existing methods are built on a shared latent space among multiple views. However, they do not well capture semantic consistency and view interactions. What's more, they neglect different contributions of each view to multilabel learning. To address these issues, a novel Personalized RElation rEfinement Network (PREEN) is proposed to sufficiently exploit associated relationships. First, common and specific information is learned in an adversarial way to prevent them from interfering with each other. Then, we adapt the standard transformer to capture cross-view interactions. Similarly, we design label-specific transformers to model label-view dependence, which associates each label with relevant views separately. Eventually, we develop an interlabel attention mechanism to exploit label correlations and refine complementary information from other labels dynamically. Extensive experiments on one real and seven public MVML datasets validate the effectiveness of our proposed PREEN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contribution: This article details the conduction of an experiment to investigate the knowledge that computer science graduate students have about safety-critical systems development, in particular, safety requirements specifications. Future research directions are also discussed. Background: Safety-critical systems have been increasingly used in many critical domains, requiring a rigorous development process as well as certification by regulatory agencies. However, it is not clear whether computer science courses deliver adequate education for students to develop such systems. Experimental research with these students could provide evidence on whether they have the minimum knowledge necessary to develop safety-critical systems. This type of research presents several advantages, such as reproducibility, high-level control, and specific conclusions, but has not been widely adopted to verify learning issues. Research Question: How to measure the understanding of students on safety-critical systems development? Methodology: A controlled experiment was conducted with computer science graduate students in which they prepared safety requirements specifications. Three variables, i.e., understandability of the tasks, accuracy of the specifications, and effort required, were analyzed. Findings: This experiment made it possible to explicitly measure the effect of understandability on accuracy and effort. Our experimental scenario revealed that most graduate students do not know about safety engineering. Hence, it is paramount to rethink computer science curricula to include basic safety engineering concepts and how software-engineering-specific knowledge should be considered in the development of these systems. Besides, software architecture must receive special attention, as it is the backbone of all software-based systems, including safety-critical systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: More than 30 years ago, Harmon distinguished developmental research articles (RAs), which propose a solution to a problem, from experimental RAs, but the developmental format has received little attention. Literature review: Genre analysis of RAs has been largely restricted to articles following the standard experimental/Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion (IMRD) format, thereby excluding many developmental engineering articles. Recently, a textbook proposed Introduction, Process, Testing, Conclusion (IPTC) as a prototypical format for electrical engineering RAs, but this format has not yet been demonstrated from a corpus. Research questions: 1. What is the macrostructure of electrical engineering RAs? 2. What are the characteristic features of each division of electrical engineering RAs? Methodology: Section headings, wordcount, and notable features were analyzed for 75 RAs from 15 electrical engineering journals and compared with both IPTC and Harmon's developmental structure. Results: Only one article, a case study, followed IMRD. Sixty-seven developmental RAs followed the IPTC format. These are distinguished by the second division (P), where the new solution is described, written in extended style, comprising several sections with headings specific to the research. A paragraph at the end of the Introduction describing the organization of the paper, the location of the theoretical framework and testing methods, and a ubiquitous Conclusion also differ from IMRD. Seven developmental RAs exhibited a hybrid format with the well-known IMRD section headings superimposed on an IPTC structure. Conclusions: Most electrical engineering articles are developmental and follow IPTC format. This can inform future genre analysis research and has pedagogical implications for teaching engineering writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]