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The phenomenon of using language in cyberspace or social media has indeed a trend with various contemporary applications, with the aim of being more effective and efficient in communicating. The benefits of technology cannot be reached by its advantages and besides that, it also cannot be ignored from the negative side. It is possible that with various applications, it is easy to spread fake news text on social media. The text of fake news on social media, information in this study is used as a data source and at the same time used as an object of study on Facebook, WhatsApp, Twitter, and other media accounts. The aim of this study was to describe in depth the problem of the phenomenon of the spread of fake news texts on social media, this is adjusted to the problems raised in this study. The purpose is to find out and analyze the language criteria used in hoax text news texts on social media. This research was a type of qualitative descriptive research. By using van Dijk's version of the critical discourse study theory as a theoretical framework with the aim of revealing the phenomenon of language use in depth, both micro and macro, with the point of view of discourse as a text, social cognition, and context. Furthermore, methods and the techniques of data collection in this study. As the first step by way of observation, the next step was documentation that was supported by instruments in the form of questionnaires and analysis tables. Based on the results of data analysis, several things were found as follows: (1) criteria for hoax news texts on social media, consisting of (a) fake news texts on S social media are only humorous; (b) have low modality (c) motivation to want to cheat relatively (d) have incomplete information (e), not high plagiarism. Thus all of these things are indeed true empirically that the condition of the text of hoax news on social media is as described previously. All of this has become a widespread discussion regarding the concept of hoax news itself.

As social media users, university students often receive hoax news from social media platforms, such as Youtube, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Vlog and Whatsapp group. In this connection, they are expected not to forward hoax messages to fellow social media users so that the spread of hoax messages can be stopped at a university student level. To that end, this Dedication to the Public tries to provide counseling to students of the Faculty of Propagation and Communication at State Islamic University (UIN) Walisongo in Semarang. The method used to carry out the activity is counseling since the participants are students who are studying propagation and communication sciences. Therefore, many of them have a basic knowledge of propagation science which is necessary for them to become propagators in the future. More than 50 students, who are mostly students of the Faculty of Propagation and Communication and campus press activists of UIN Walisongo, participated in this counseling. This counseling ran dynamically through a discussion between the participants and source persons comprising a Central Java senior journalist, a commissioner of the Central Java Chapter of the Indonesia Broadcast Commission, and a lecturer of the Faculty of Propagation and Communication at UIN Walisongo. Among the result of the counseling is that the participants have understanding about the danger of spreading hoax news. The awareness not to spread hoax news is very important since the participants of the counseling are prospective propagators who also study communication science and are groomed to have a skill in producing propagation messages to the public. The participants are grateful for the counseling since it has broadened their outlook to understand the danger of hoax information.

The development of Information Technology which has impacts on the ease of producing and accessing information has caused the rapid circulation of information in the community. However, the circulation of this information does not completely contain the truth. Hoax information is intentionally produced and spread to the public through various application platforms aimed to distorting the facts so that the information is believed to be the real truth. This condition can be seen from the ease people share the information they receive through their smart devices to a number of people closest to them or to groups or community wherr they participate in. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The data in this study was carried out by analyzing hoax news mapping data collected by the covid-19 handling task force through the covid19.go.id website obtained through the Indonesian Anti-Defamation Society (Mafindo). The news data and hoax information in the form of verbal and visual were analyzed with a qualitative content analysis approach to analyze how the hoax phenomenon during this pandemic was deliberately created and spread by the public.Furthermore, the results of the analysis are examined with the perspective of Jean Baudillard's simulacra and hyperreality. The result shows that information as the main product of the information society is no longer dominated by information producers such as television and newspapers, but now anyone who has a device and is connected to the internet can produce information. The impact of this is that humans are trapped in false reality and dwell on duplication and superficiality. Keyword: information technology, hoax covid-19, simulacrum jean baudillard

Un bulo es una noticia falsa propagada con algún fin. Diseñados para ser creídos, su origen es incierto, pero tras ellos suele esconderse “la compensación de un deseo frustrado de alguien o un grupo social, la necesidad de hacer pública la confidencialidad de intereses que trastornen el orden establecido, malentendidos o interpretaciones deformadas” (Kapferer, 1988, p.18). Las noticias falsas suelen basarse en el rumor, y el medio de éste es informal, creando nexos de complicidad, y es, precisamente, en esta confianza donde encuentra su máximo exponente, ya que no se suelen cuestionar los mensajes procedentes de nuestro círculo más íntimo. El objetivo fundamental de esta investigación estriba en identificar el origen de este tipo de informaciones, para ello optamos por una metodología de tipo cuantitativa que permita explorar los rasgos y aspectos formales de los bulos publicados en relación con la COVID-19, a fin de identificar diversos aspectos útiles para la detección de noticias falsas y aportando evidencias empíricas referidas a la desinformación. El resultado indica que tal y como anunció Tucídides en el siglo V a.C. en esta guerra contra la desinformación hay dos razones principales que motivan el origen de los bulos: el miedo y el interés, en sus diversas facetas, ideológico, económico y político, y para combatirlo resulta indispensable una adecuada alfabetización mediática de la sociedad, así como una comunicación oficial transparente y contrastada.

Introducción: Este artículo pretende explorar el amplio debate teórico sobre las relaciones que se establecen entre las imágenes y la complejidad de aplicar sobre ellas conceptos de verdad. Un vistazo a las agencias de Fact Checking contemporáneas demuestra que los bulos y las fake news usan con más frecuencia materiales audiovisuales para respaldar sus mensajes. Metodología: Se realiza una revisión del corpus teórico sobre las relaciones entre imagen y validación/verdad, ejemplificando los límites de las ideas dominantes con análisis de casos basados en el análisis textual. Resultados: Los límites de las relaciones entre verdad y texto audiovisual fueron enunciados por primera vez al hilo de los debates fenomenológicos sobre el realismo, y posteriormente matizados –entre otras– por las escuelas semiótica, los estudios culturales y la actual eclosión de las teorías “postdigitales”. En el marco de dichas teorías se ha generado una tensión a partir de las marcas de veredicción (pixelado, bajos formatos, ruido visual, glitch) y la desafección de la ciudadanía con las imágenes distribuidas por los medios de comunicación oficiales. Conclusiones: En un mundo en el que los medios convencionales cada vez tienen menos capacidad para distribuir imágenes e influir en sus interpretaciones, es necesario replantearse que la validación de las imágenes es una competencia fundamental en la creación de la ciudadanía del futuro. De ahí que la introducción de competencias críticas de lectura audiovisual en los niveles educativos de la enseñanza obligatoria sea la única manera de poner en crisis la propia naturaleza “referencial” de las imágenes.

This study aims to determine the effect of news in online media on the thoughts and behavior of a person, because the impact is very strong in shaping public opinion. This study uses theory of mass communication, news construction, netizen response, online media. The research method used quantitative descriptive analysis with online data collection techniques. Conclusion of research (1) News construction have positive effect to reporting hoax in online media, meaning that news construction which is loaded and created by online media will influence hoax news dissemination. (2) The netizen response positively affects the news of hoaxes in the online media, meaning more and more netizens respond to hoax news, hoax news will be wider. (3) News construction and netizen responses have a positive and significant influence on hoax news in media online, meaning that these two variables give a significant influence in the preaching of hoax in online media.

The post truth era has become a new vocabulary for cadres who never give up in following the times. But who would have thought that the post truth era would also lead to a dilemma that never ended after unsettling the cadre team in Cibeusi village. The cadre team that was incorporated from 3 RWs including RW 06, RW 014, and RW 015 also showed their dedication through regular social activities. Therefore, the authors use a qualitative approach through data collection techniques in the form of observation and interviews. The results obtained show the following; 1) designing social movements as an effort made by the Cibeusi cadre team in overcoming health information hoaks and the post truth era; 2) the Cibeusi cadre team's social movement implementation consists of 3 words, namely active, innovative, and creative; 3) cadre team social movements include communication programs in the form of counseling and training involving academics or related medical personnel as the main sources in providing literacy movement training programs; 4) Evaluation of the ongoing literacy movement as part of the success of the government health program output.

This research was based on the massive political hoax circulating on social media. The spread of hoaxes was increasing day by day with the 2019 simultaneous election. Hoax became an important problem in society because the level of community literacy was still low. The Indonesian Anti Hoax Society (MAFINDO) Solo Raya invited the society to fight hoaxes in the 2019 political year. This study aims to describe how the media literacy strategies carried out by MAFINDO Solo Raya in overcoming hoaxes in the 2019 political year. The theory used in this research was Potter’s literacy media. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach. The data collection technique used in this study were interviews, observation and documentation. The results of this research indicated that MAFINDO Solo Raya's media literacy strategies in overcoming hoaxes in the 2019 political year used socialization, education and fact checking training with the Hoax Buster Tools application.

In 2018, Lindsay, Boghossian, and Pluckrose published four “hoax” articles within a number of disciplines that rely on critical theory (e.g., gender studies, feminism). When revealing the project, the authors argued that they wanted to expose these fields as being primarily motivated by ideology and social justice rather than knowledge generation. Their method tested the hypothesis that editors and reviewers will support papers that advocate “ludicrous” ideas including “fat bodybuilding.” In the pages of this journal, I presented a critique of their procedure, and the authors have provided a commentary on my article. After discussing the issue of whether their project was a hoax or not, I will argue that the crux of the matter is whether the papers were ludicrous/absurd. I will show how the authors made a fundamental error in their method; they failed to assess whether their ideas were indeed ludicrous/absurd.

Hoax and digitalization have become a threat to global democracy. During this pandemic, WhatsApp in collaboration with the Ministry of Communication and Informatics (Kominfo) has been successfully taken down 1, 759 hoaxes spreading on social media. Thus hoax content is circulating from January 23 to October 18, 2020. This study examines the literacy capability of social media users in Medan City in facing misinformation (Hoax). The purpose of this study is to describe the knowledge of social media users in Medan City regarding hoaxes; describing the process of spreading hoaxes among social media users in Medan City, as well as to identify the types of hoaxes mostly received and spread by social media users. The quantitative descriptive method is used in this study The samples of this study amount to 250 respondents selected in the accidental method. The results obtained from the aforementioned respondents show that respondents agreed that hoax is ‘a deliberate fake news. They stated that they had not been forwarding ‘splashy news’ that they received and do fact-check. On the other hand, when asked about why the ‘splashy news’ was forwarded, the respondents reasoned that they received the news from someone they trusted. In addition, the respondents each stated that they thought the news was useful as they believed the news to be true. The types of hoaxes most frequently received include lucky draws, socio-politics, governance, and health.

People have desires to search for the truth and to have broad knowledge. The internet, which was once considered as one of the media to find accurate sources of information, now has become a source of less accurate news. So there needs to be a filter in consuming news from the internet. The purpose of this study is to look at the spread of hoax news because of the lack of awareness. The majority of social media users in the current era do not have an ethical foundation in using their right to express their opinions properly which result in hoaxes. We use literature review method to collect all the information required. In the end, we conclude that people must give an opinion by thinking about the truth first of what they have conveyed. From the truth, it can be understood that something must be justified. In accordance with the truth meant by Al-kindi that in seeking truth must to find the main source of the source itself.

EnglishThis text deals with the theme of neologisms that emerged as new words or updated their semantic scope during the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, the expressions burnout, COVID, long-COVID, COVID-drive, fake-news, hoax, lockdown, remdesivir (rendesivir), webinar and zoonosis were analysed. The aim of the research was to monitor two factors associated with them: their general knowledge by native speakers of different Portuguese-speaking nationalities and their morphological integration in the Portuguese language. The study was based on a survey distributed in March and April 2021 and on six sociolinguistic factors: nationality, residence, sex, education, age, and preferred media. Of these factors, the most relevant were the diatopic and the educational ones with regard to the degree of (un) knowledge and the oscillation of the grammatical gender of the neologisms in question, which usually occurs, in real use, despite their integration in the dictionaries. Based on the collected data, we propose to calculate the generic oscillation coefficient and degree that should contribute to the most complete and effective lexicographic treatment of the generically unstable words. portuguesO presente texto ocupa-se do tema de neologismos que surgiram como palavras novas ou atualizaram o seu escopo semântico durante a pandemia da COVID-19. O alvo da pesquisa foi monitorar o conhecimento geral e a integracao morfologica das expressoes burnout, COVID-19, covid-longa, covid-drive, fake-news, hoax, lockdown, remdesivir/rendesivir, webinar e zoonose na lingua portuguesa. O estudo foi realizado com base num inquerito distribuido em marco e abril de 2021 e baseado em seis fatores sociolinguisticos: nacionalidade, residencia, sexo, formacao, idade e media preferidos. Destes fatores mostraram-se como os mais relevantes o diatopico e o de formacao, sobretudo, no que diz respeito ao grau de (des)conhecimento e a oscilacao do genero gramatical, que habitualmente ocorre, no uso real, apesar da sua dicionarizacao. Com base nos dados recolhidos, propomos calcular o coeficiente e o grau de oscilacao generica, que deveriam contribuir para a dicionarizacao mais completa e efetiva das palavras de genero gramatical instavel.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan wujud-wujud ilokusi hoax Covid-19 di media sosial Instagram dalam perspektif Cyberpragmatics . Data penelitian berupa tuturan-tuturan dalam Instagram yang di dalamnya terkandung ilokusi-ilokusi hoax covid-19. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode simak. Teknik yang digunakan dalam rangka penerapan metode simak adalah teknik simak bebas libat cakap sebagai teknik dasar dan teknik rekam dan teknik catat sebagai teknik lanjutan. Setelah tipe-tipe data tersaji dengan baik, langkah selanjutnya adalah memvalidasi data. Metode dan teknik analisis data diterapkan adalah metode analisis distribusional. Teknik yang digunakan dalam rangka menerapkan metode distribusional adalah teknik bagi unsur langsung. Adapun dimensi-dimensi ekstrakebahasan penelitian ini dianalisis dengan menerapkan metode kontekstual atau metode padan khususnya padan ekstralingual. Penelitian ini berhasil menemukan ilokusi-ilokusi hoax Covid-19 sebagai berikut: (1) ilokusi menebar informasi tidak jelas, (2) ilokusi menyoal informasi keliru, (3) ilokusi menebar berita palsu, (4) ilokusi menyoal desas-desus, (5) ilokusi menebar berita tidak benar, (6) ilokusi membesar-besarkan informasi keliru, (7) ilokusi menebar informasi yang tidak jelas, (8) ilokusi membesar-besarkan masalah. Kata Kunci: cyberpragmatics , ilokusi hoax , Covid-19 Abstract The purpose of this research is to describe the forms of Covid-19 hoax illocution in Instagram social media in the perspective of Cyberpragmatics. The research data were in the form of utterances in which contained the illusion of covid-19 hoaxes. Data were collected by the observation method. The technique used in the framework of applying the refer to method was a free, engaging, involved listening technique as the basic technique and the record technique and the note technique as an advanced technique. After the types of data were presented properly, the next step was to validate the data. The method and data analysis technique applied was the distributional analysis method. The technique used in the framework of applying the distributional method was the technique for the direct element. The extra dimensions of this research were analyzed by applying the contextual method or the matching method speci cally the extralingual padding. This research succeeded in nding Covid-19 hoax illocution as follows: (1) illocution to spread unclear information, (2) illocutionary to erroneous information, (3) illocution to spread false news, (4) illocution to rumors, (5) illocution to spread untrue news, (6) illocution to exaggerate misinformation, (7) illocution to spread information that is not clear, (8) illocution to exaggerate the problem. Keywords: cyberpragmatics, illocution hoaxes, Covid-19

This study aims to develop a digital literacy design based on local wisdom so that it can support social harmony in rural communities in Bangka Regency. The development of this literacy design is motivated by the high accessibility of rural communities to the use of the internet and social media, but it is not accompanied by good digital literacy skills. This study uses the Research and Development (R&D) method by adapting the Thiagarajan development cycle model which consists of four 4-D stages (define, design, develop, and disseminate). At the define stage, observations and interviews were carried out on several informants, the result was that five findings were analyzed and identified for the next stage. In the design stage, eight digital literacy components were obtained which were adapted from the Digital Literacy Across the Curriculum and adapted the Wilbur Schramm matrix format for media development, the result was that there were nine media formats that were relevant to use for local wisdom- based digital literacy. At the development stage, a small-scale test was carried out on 15 respondents, the percentage of the practicality of the media was on average 85.5%, meaning that the media was very practical to use, while in the large-scale test on 30 respondents, an average of 93.7% was obtained, the percentage of practicality the highest is in the aspects of interest and material literacy. Specifically for the development of the material aspects, there are 6 themes that are prioritized to support social harmonization in rural communities in Bangka Regency, including; 1) religious moderation, 2) tolerance, 3) prevention of hoaxes (fake news); 4) hate speech; 5) racial issues, and 6) prevention of the doctrine of religious radicalism.Keywords : Digital Literacy, Social Harmony, Local Wisdom, Rural Community

This study examines Tājuddīn al-Subkī’s concept of ḥifẓ al-‘irḍ, as an essential part of maqāṣīd al-sharī’a, and uses it to analyze hoax news. To limit this study, the authors focuse on two crucial aspects. First, what is the concept of ḥifẓ al-‘irḍ according to Imam Tājuddīn al-Subkī? Second, how to contextualize ḥifẓ al-‘irḍ in the contemporary time to approach hoax news? This library research uses content and critical analysis to Tājuddīn al-Subkī’s thoughts, which are contained the works written by himself and those written by scholars after him. This study argues that al-Subkī initiated the concept of ḥifẓ al-‘irḍ (maintaining honor). As an essential part of maqāṣīd al-sharī’a, ḥifẓ al-‘irḍ must be held in addition to five other main purposes, namely maintaining the soul, religion, reason, lineage, and treasure. According to al-Subkī, defending honor can be equated with keeping the lineage because the two have a close and robust relationship, especially when discussing adultery and qadhf/قذف (accusing people of committing adultery). The spread of hoaxes today is like qadhf in Islamic law. The hoax spread must be stopped because it causes damage to the life of society, nation, and state. Preventing injury and realizing benefits are at the core of maqāṣīd al-sharī’a.

The spread of hoax information on social media is still difficult to control. Various efforts have been made by the government to eradicate hoax information, even the Ministry of Communication and Information has chosen the decision to block accounts that spread hoaxes, especially those on social media. However, hoax information still exists and its spread is increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to have a strategy that is right on target to prevent the spread of hoaxes. To design a strategy that is right on target, it is necessary to identify the acceptance attitude and behavior of sharing hoax information on social media. Through research using an interpretive paradigm and a qualitative research approach with research data collection, namely interviews with 12 (twelve) informants who are part of the community in Banten, West Java and Aceh Provinces. So, an interesting finding was found that currently receiving hoax information that leads to belief can occur if hoax information is highly correlated with hoax recipients, viral is discussed in the community, and is in accordance with personal views or logic. This acceptance can motivate the behavior of sharing information back due to the desire to be recognized as a trendsetter in disseminating the first information to the people around him. This is the main factor in the dissemination of Hoax information which needs to get recommendations for improving policies and strategies for eliminating Hoaxes in Indonesian society.

Purpose: The aim of the media literacy workshop through the review of the Tilik film is to build awareness and understanding for Karyamekar associations in an effort to ward off hoaxes that are rife on social media. The discussion and review of this film was in the context of the implementation of Community Service which was held by the Garut University Service Team in collaboration with the Youth Organization of Karyamekar Village, Cilawu District, Garut Regency. Method: The method used is a workshop and film surgery "TILIK". Results: The results of these activities indicated that the workshop with the discussion method and providing examples of the latest cases (film review) was quite effective. This can be seen in the enthusiasm of the participants, as well as the ongoing discussion process. Conclusion: The Tilik Film Review activity has a very positive impact on the participants to foster their interest in media literacy. Keywords: Media literacy, Hoax

The rise of hoax news circulating on social media at a certain point can cause confusion and anxiety in society. Therefore, this community service group took the initiative to carry out a media literacy activity for the herbs seller (herbalist) group of Yayasan Perempuan Perkotaan Medan (YP2M). This activity aims to facilitate the group so that they have the skills to respond to the hoax news. The materials provided include what the news is, the news values, the characteristics of hoax news, and the examples of hoax news that are widely spread in society through the social media. This program was held in Gedung Johor, Medan on August 2020 which was attended by around 20 participants. Keywords: media literacy, hoax news, YP2M

The purpose of the service activities carried out by the KPI FUD IAIN Surakarta Study Program is to provide training in using the Hoax Buster Tools for the community, especially youth members of the Youth Organization and PKK mothers in Sukoharjo. The target segmentation is youth of the PERSI Youth Organization in Banmati Village, Sukoharjo District, as well as women members of the PKK Movement in Pucangan Village, Kartasura District, Sukoharjo. Community service activities run smoothly. Both youths and mothers who participated in the activity seemed enthusiastic and active in participating. Through this training, the participants were introduced to the forms and types of hoaxes, how to recognize and identify hoaxes, and verify hoaxes circulating in the community. It is hoped that this service activity can continue, in order to provide education to the public about the importance of media literacy in the digital realm.

Introducción: La pandemia de Covid-19 ha traído cambios sociales afectando igualmente a la comunicación. El uso de las redes sociales ha aumentado durante el confinamiento y la forma de informarnos a través de ellas o de mensajería instantánea como WhatsApp han propiciado la viralización de bulos. Metodología: A través de una encuesta pionera durante el confinamiento hemos recopilado más de 1700 respuestas que se han analizado con técnicas de machine learning para conocer cómo se han informado los españoles durante el confinamiento y como han interactuado con las informaciones que recibían sobre la Covid-19. Además, hemos participado en encuentros con los socios fundadores de Maldita, verificador pionero en España, que ha realizado una labor fundamental en la detección de fake news durante la pandemia. Resultados: Los resultados muestran diferentes comportamientos en el uso de las redes sociales sobre todo en las distintas edades: por qué comparten una información; si dudan sobre ella; qué tipo de bulos han recibido; de qué tipos de contactos reciben con más frecuencia, etc. Conclusiones: Se aprecian distintos perfiles de consumidores de información, unos más concienciados con la fiabilidad de las redes, que además verifican el contenido dudoso y otro que se informa de forma más superficial y que no verifica la información que le llega por estos canales online.

Introducción: El presente trabajo se centra en el análisis de la percepción de la población en torno al papel desempeñado por los medios de comunicación durante la crisis sanitaria derivada de la pandemia del COVID-19, y cómo las personas adoptan determinados roles orientados a la legitimación e implementación del control y las normas sociales. Metodología: Para la consecución del mismo, se diseñó y distribuyó una encuesta de tipo Likert que fue respondida por 704 personas de distintas regiones del Estado español. Los datos han sido posteriormente analizados mediante la herramienta de análisis estadístico SPSS. Resultados: Los resultados indican que el sexo y la edad fueron variables determinantes en la legitimación e implementación del control social entre iguales durante el confinamiento. Los resultados también han puesto en relieve la relación existente entre la forma en la que las personas perciben el rol de los medios de comunicación y su predisposición a acatar y ejercer el control y las normas sociales. Discusión y conclusiones: Tanto la literatura como los datos obtenidos para la realización del presente estudio, muestran la conexión existente entre el rol desempeñado por los medios de comunicación en situaciones de alarma social y de crisis sanitaria, y los procesos de construcción y legitimación de cosmovisiones de la “realidad” derivadas de la desinformación, los bulos y los ruidos informativos.

In globalization era, hoax has been widely spread on social media and disturbs the well-built relationship of Indonesian people. Even it often breaks the unity of people. Lack of knowledge in how to identify hoax has let readers be hypnotized to believe that the news is real. This study is aimed to develop "KAPAK HOAKS (HOAX AXE)" model (Reader's independence in analyzing hoax content). This study uses the theory of CDA model of Fairclough by Umar Fauzan (2013). The study method used in this article is qualitative method with critical linguistics study approach. The authors of this study have collected analysis theories of critical literature able to be used to analyze data of hoax circulating on social media. The analysis is conducted by matching data corpus with the chosen theory. Through the analysis, the authors have identified language aspects supporting self-checking improvement. It is also mentioned by Eriyanto (2001) about hoax analysis. To reach perfection, this study considers that the future research needs to involve response test on social media readers' positive independence in responding hoax. Keywords: corpus, hoax, linguistics, semiotics, social media Abstrak. Di era globalisasi, hoax telah merajalela di media sosial dan mengganggu silaturahmi masyarakat Indonesia yang terjalin baik. Bahkan seringkali merusak persatuan umat. Kurangnya pengetahuan tentang bagaimana mengidentifikasi hoax membuat pembaca terhipnotis untuk percaya bahwa berita itu nyata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model "KAPAK HOAKS (HOAX AX)" (Kemandirian Pembaca dalam menganalisis konten hoax). Penelitian ini menggunakan teori model CDA Fairclough menurut Fauzan (2013). Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi linguistik kritis. Penulis penelitian ini telah mengumpulkan teori analisis literatur kritis yang dapat digunakan untuk menganalisis data hoax yang beredar di media sosial. Analisis dilakukan dengan mencocokkan korpus data dengan teori yang dipilih. Melalui analisis, penulis telah mengidentifikasi aspek bahasa yang mendukung peningkatan pemeriksaan diri. Hal tersebut juga dikemukakan oleh Eriyanto (2001) tentang analisis hoax. Untuk mencapai kesempurnaan, penelitian ini memandang bahwa penelitian ke depan perlu melibatkan uji respon terhadap kemandirian positif pembaca media sosial dalam merespon hoax. Kata kunci: corpus, hoax, linguistics, semiotics, social media

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi dakwah pada santri dalam menghadapi berita hoax di media sosial. Bagaimana penerapan strategi dakwah santri serta metode apa yang digunakan dalam menghadapi berita di media sosial agar tidak terjebak pada hoax. Adapun untuk penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus di Pondok Pesantren Mahasiswa Universal yang dilakukan secara intensif, terinci dan mendalam tentang berita hoax di kalangan santri. Sedangkan untuk hasil dari penelitian ini adalah santri menggunakan strategi dakwah reduksi dan strategi dakwah pencapaian dalam menghadapi berita hoax agar dirinya tidak terjebak ke dalam oknum berita hoax, sehingga santri mampu membedakan berita hoax dan berita fakta. This research aims to find out the da’wah strategies of students in facing hoax news on social media. How to implement the students propaganda strategy and what methods are used in dealing with news on social media so as not to get caught up in hoaxes. This research uses the case study method in universal student boarding schools which is carried out intensively, in detail and in depth about hoax news among students. The results of this study are that some students do not have the ability to distinguish between hoaxes and facts. And also the whole students can alrealy distinguish true news and hoax news, they have the ability to apply to themselves in order to avoid hoax news.

Fake news is an emerging field of research that attracts much attention from academic communities as well as mass media practitioners. However, the concept of fake news is still ambiguous, and the boundary between the definition of fake news and other relative concepts, such as news satire, yellow journalism, junk news, pseudo-news, hoax news, propaganda news, advertorial, false information, fake information, misinformation, disinformation, mal-information, alternative fact, and post-truth is blurred. The present study aims to identify the meanings of fake news and other related concepts, and explore the recent trend of research on them. By searching the journals listed in the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) and Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-Expanded) database, the present study found 387 articles on fake news. Through analyzing these articles, the present study maps the trend and reveals the highly influential research articles, as well as theories and concepts that are used. The results may provide fundamental insights into the development of research on fake news in recent years.

Artikel ini membahas bagaimana penyebaran informasi hoax melalui media sosial dan apa dampak penyebaran informasi hoax tersebut pada masyarakat. Sumber data dari jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif ini diperoleh dari beberapa literatur dan media online yang melaporkan beberapa informasi hoax di akhir-akhir ini sering terjadi. Sementara untuk mengetahui dampaknya, beberapa individu yang punya pengalaman menerima berita hoax menjadi informan penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyebaran informasi hoax, dimulai dengan pembuatan informasi yang diadopsi dari opini masyarakat kemudian dikembangkan menjadi artikel, dibumbui kalimat bohong, disebarkan melalui media sosial menggunakan akun anonim, sehingga masyarakat yang membacanya menyebarkan kembali ke masyarakat lain dan seperti itu seterusnya. Sedangkan dampaknya, berakibat pada interaksi sosial masyarakat, mulanya hubungan mereka baik-baik saja sebagai keluarga, tetangga maupun sahabat. Tetapi karena mereka kerap kali mengonsumsi hoax, maka perdebatan hingga persiteruan terjadi di antara mereka.ABSTRACTThis article discusses the dissemination of hoax information via social media. The purpose of this study was to determine the flow of hoax information dissemination through social media and to determine the impact of hoax information dissemination in the community. This qualitative research used online media and literature review as its resources of the data. The results of this study provide an understanding of the flow of hoax information dissemination, starting with making information that is adopted from public opinion and then developed into articles, spiced with lies, spread through social media using anonymized accounts, so that people who read it redistribute other communities and so on. While the impact, results in social interaction of the community, initially their relationship was fine as family, neighbors or friends. But because they often consume hoaxes, the the problems occurred among them.

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of adolescent confidence in social media exposure in spreading hoax news. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. The results showed that the spread of hoax news actually had long been happening. The purpose of deliberate hoaxes is to make people feel insecure, uncomfortable, and confused. Trust in media has deteriorated due to the high circulation of hoaks through social media, electronic and print media which also affects people's trust in the media. News / information circulating on social media can no longer be trusted entirely, given the number of news/information hoaxes circulating. The use of social media provides access to get news or information to be very easy and fast, in this sophisticated era, the Indonesian people (including youth groups) prefer to spend their time with a mobile phone in which there are various types of social media which is certainly interesting to be use and read so as not to make someone bored with what they read even though social media has a positive and negative impact. Adolescent intelligence in selecting information delivered by social media is good enough. This is proven, the informants always sort out any information they receive through social media before they re-publish it.

Disruption provides a myriad of benefits to people's lives. However, on the other hand it cannot be denied that the era of disruption has brought quite dangerous obstacles. Due to the lack of a person's moral standing in responding to the era of disruption, resulting in various problems arise. One of the big problems born in the era of disruption is the phenomenon of hoaxes. Hoax is triggered by a lack of attention to ethics in communicating with high social media user numbers. The use of this research writing method takes the form of a conceptual framework and is qualitative in nature. Some literature and observations taken from several media issues related to hoax news as data retrieval, and using a phenomenological analysis approach. This paper produces a digital piety concept that can be implemented through tabayyun attitude Qs review. al-H{ujura>t verses 6-8, politeness in language review Qs. T{aha> verse 44, and local wisdom in the language review Qs. al-Hujurat verse 12 obtained from the study of the contents of the Qur'an.

This paper discusses how the influence of social media in building public opinion. The use of social media has a positive impact in the process of social, political and economic interactions. The use of social media also makes it easy to access various information needed, makes it easy to communicate rarely far away and social media can also be a tool to make new friends. Of the various positive impacts of social media, it turns out that it also has a negative impact if users cannot properly filter news or information that contains divisions, hoaxes or fake news, sara issues, religion and others that are carried out by people who are not responsible, then it can cause chaos which will certainly split the unity.

Through citizenship education subjects’ students can grow and develop digital media literacy. This digital media literacy includes improving knowledge and skills, and awareness will be the use of digital media and the Internet. The method used in this research is a case study with a qualitative approach, which will be applied in schools. The results of this study show: how the implementation and success of character education based on digital media literacy based on the spread of hoax news to students in citizenship education learning. After conducting research, the program of strengthening character education through digital literacy-based citizenship education subjects is successful in counteracting the spread of hoax news, and can foster student awareness in the use of digital media and the internet.

Recently, high media visibility was reached by an experiment that involved “hoaxlike deception” of journals within humanities and social sciences. Its aim was to provide evidence of “inadequate” quality standards especially within gender studies. The article discusses the project in the context of both previous systematic studies of peer reviewing and scientific hoaxes and analyzes its possible empirical outcomes. Despite claims to the contrary, the highly political, both ethically and methodologically flawed “experiment” failed to provide the evidence it sought. The experiences can be summed up as follows: (1) journals with higher impact factors were more likely to reject papers submitted as part of the project; (2) the chances were better, if the manuscript was allegedly based on empirical data; (3) peer reviews can be an important asset in the process of revising a manuscript; and (4) when the project authors, with academic education from neighboring disciplines, closely followed the reviewers’ advice, they were able to learn relatively quickly what is needed for writing an acceptable article. The boundary between a seriously written paper and a “hoax” gradually became blurred. Finally (5), the way the project ended showed that in the long run, the scientific community will uncover fraudulent practices.

The growing of Hoaxes through social media at this time has recognized due to the lack of awareness from social media users in the selection process for diffuse information. Ignoring the validation process of the information often happens because the nature of social media is a medium that is still private with the use of passwords, so that with the increasing number of people using social media such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. This is a qualitative research that using interviews and Focuss Group Discussions (FGD) as a method for collecting data. The results of this study explain how the Hoax phenomenon in Medan and show the importance of collaboration between stakeholders to resolving the Hoax phenomenon.

This research is conducted through literature review to expose and analyze hoax phenomenon, post-truth paradigm, and reader-response criticism. This paper aims to elucidate the social extent to which hoaxes are formed as a result of the presence of post-truth paradigm in the mind of information waves as well as the impact of the digital revolution. The phenomenon will be described through hermeneutical method using reader-response criticism approach in the context of religious life. The research found that spiritual life can be developed in the right way through media-literacy, besides the spread of hoaxes, disinformation, and truth-oriented personal beliefs rather than facts.

Media sosial bukan lagi sebagai media informasi tetapi juga sebagai media untuk menampung berbagai aktivitas seseorang maupun lembaga. Salah satunya, facebook yang memiliki jejaring luas dipakai untuk menyebarkan kreativitas para pengguna. Penelitian ini membahas fanpage sebagai media sosialisasi yang dikerjakan oleh Wali Kota Makassar. Pendekatannya memakai analisis kualitatif deskriptif melalui teknik pembingkaian model Pan dan Kosicki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan pembingkaian Wali Kota Makassar terhadap penggunaan akun facebook. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa struktur retoris menguatkan citra positif Wali Kota Makassar dan posisinya sebagai pejabat publik paling menonjol dibanding anggota komunitas dan pribadi. Dominannya aktivitas pejabat publik dipakai untuk melawan hoaks dan menyampaikan progres aktivitas sebagai pejabat publik.

This research analyses and describes in detail how the digital biennale activities that are a part of the Indonesian Digital art community has become a form of criticism and silent resistance to the social hegemony. It refers to the ideology, norms, rules, and myths that exist in modern society in Indonesia, especially the reproduction of hoax content. Hoax refers to the logic people who live in a world of cyber media with all of its social implications. This phenomenon is a problem, and it is at the heart of the exploration of the art community in East Java Biennale. The critical social theory perspective of Gramsci’s theory forms the basis of this research analysis. The qualitative research approach used a digital ethnomethodology research method focused on the online and offline social movements in the Biennale Art Community. The data collection techniques used were observation and non-active participation in the process of reproduction-related to the exhibition of Indonesian Biennale digital artworks. It was then analyzed using Gramsci’s hegemony theory. The purpose of this study was to describe the process of social movements in a digital format conducted by the Indonesian Biennale when reproducing works of art to counteract the dominance and hegemony of the Hoax phenomenon in Indonesia. The benefit of this research was that it obtained a preposition of Gramsci’s hegemony theory in the world of digital art as created by contemporary Indonesian Biennale artists. Digital technology has had a tremendous effect on the media industry, government, trade, informal industry sector, human resources, urban planning, services, disaster relief, health, education, religion, artistic and cultural expression, in addition to various other fields. The conclusion obtained from this research is that there is a formation of a new hegemony, a digital hegemony. This new hegemony is of particular concern for the digital artists in East Java Biennale. Through the digital format works, the artists also try to communicate their art as a form of silent resistance, protest, and criticism of the hegemony that occurs in society, referring to the ideology, norms, and myths. It can be called a digital counter-hegemony.s

This study aims to discuss the ethics of public communication in a digital age, based on the hadith perspective. It is based on the poor ethics of communication in society, which leads to the emerge of SARA, hoaxes, and politicization of religion. The article addresses prophetic traditions concerning ruwaybid}ah that could provide values ​​on the norms of communication. Based on the lexical meaning, the word ruwaybid}ah means people who are weak towards noble matters. Muhammad’s description through the editorial “fools who meddled in community affairs” has a close relation to the cause of social inequality at that time. Through a socio-historical approach, it argues that anyone who does not have capabilities in a particular field and tries to impose his or her incapacity, they could belong to the ruwaybid}ah category. Further, this study attempts to formulate key important principles of today’s digital age communication based on the hadith.

The research is dealt with critical discourse analysis on the politicians’ social media posts which is mainly aimed to Investigate the hoax phenomenon especially the content of politicians on the social media posts. The data of the research is taken from the politician status social media through downloading the the pictures, reading the content of pictures carefully, analyzing the hoax posts by using Lynda Walsh (2006), select and identify the hoax posts phenomenon of the politicians’ social media posts and to make the data be stronger, the researcher also did an interview with some people and it is acknowledged that the hoax phenomenon of the politicians’ social media posts has brought the anxiety in the society life in approaching the presidential election 2019. It has many the power of context that made the society believed on it and to critical the case it is used the theory of Van Djik’s framework 1988 and 2001 that focus critical discourse as language, ideology and power.The conclusion of this research is there were many various impacts and the influences toward the society who do not understand in choosing which is a hoax news or a fact news on the social media because in all the pictures of the hoax posts that the researcher put on this thesis, it has proved based on interviewing some people and it has declared by communication and technology that the hoax posts phenomenon that has shared by the society and the politician is really problematic towards the irrational people.

This article presents the results of the observations about digital literacy that were studied philosophically through Gadamer's hermeneutic approach. The reason for using this approach is to achieve an understanding of how the subject and its history play a role in the digital literacy process, where ontologically, the content of information has been visualized into the digital world so that a philosophical understanding is needed in understanding the virtual reality. This research is included in the classification of qualitative research with an analysis with three stages, namely reducing data that is very general and broad in a more specific form, and relevant to digital literacy and hermeneutics; then classifies the dimensions of digital literacy so that it is easy to determine the dimensions of the hermeneutics; interpret digital literacy to clarify the dimensions of hermeneutics in it, and concludes and draws relevance to efforts to overcome hoaxes. The results obtained from this study are on a hermeneutical analysis of the process of digital literacy as a catalyst for peace, that equalizing the elimination of discrimination at the historical-ego level can be achieved through the application of hermeneutical digital literacy that is by promoting dialectical historical understanding, where contemporary history dialecticism with the history of the past which is often claimed by certain groups as the heyday and the fruit of their work.Artikel ini mempresentasikan tentang hasil observasi peneliti tentang literasi digital yang dikaji secara filosofis melalui pendekatan hermeneutika Gadamer. Adapun alasan penggunaan pendekatan tersebut yakni untuk mencapai sebuah pemahaman tentang bagaimana subjek dan kesejarahannya berperan di dalam proses literasi digital, di mana secara ontologis, konten informasi telah divisualisasikan ke dalam dunia digital sehingga dibutuhkan pemahaman yang filosofis di dalam memahami realitas virtual tersebut. Penelitian ini masuk ke dalam klasifikasi penelitian kualitatif dengan analisis dengan tiga tahap yaitu mereduksi data yang bersifat sangat umum dan luas ke dalam bentuk yang lebih spesifik, dan relevan dengan literasi digital dan hermeneutika; selanjutnya mengklasifikasikan dimensi literasi digital sehingga mudah untuk ditentukan dimensi hermeneutikanya; menginterpretasikan literasi digital dalam rangka memperjelas dimensi hermeneutika di dalamnya; serta menyimpulkan dan menarik relevansinya dengan upaya menanggulangi hoax. Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah pada sebuah analisis hermeneutis tentang proses literasi digital sebagai katalis perdamaian, bahwa penyetaraan penghapusan diskriminasi pada tataran ego-historis dapat dicapai melalui penerapan literasi digital yang bersifat hermeneutis yakni dengan mengedepankan pemahaman kesejarahan yang dialektis, di mana sejarah masa kini didialektikakan dengan sejarah masa lampau yang seringkali diklaim oleh kelompok-kelompok tertentu sebagai masa kejayaan dan buah kerja mereka.

This article aims to examine the use of the ma'na-yi harfi ‎(Indicative Meaning) and ma'na-yi ismi ‎(Nominal Meaning)‎ concept of ‎Badiuzzaman Said Nursi in preventing hoaxes caused by new media abuse. The approach offered ‎by Nursi is important because it can be considered as the basis of Islamic media communication ‎in which moral values in media are prioritized over only material aspects. New media ‎characterized by openness and freedom, in a certain condition, enable the hoax to spread. Hoax ‎often occurs because the media does not prioritize morality values but leads to materially self and ‎group fulfillment. Using the qualitative method with library data in the form of Said Nursi's ‎ Risale-i N u r , we explore Nursi's views related to ma'na-yi ismi and ma'na-yi harfi in the media ‎field. We then use his view as a basis for analyzing media hoaxes. The result is that the ma’na-yi ‎ ismi perspective tends to be a worldly material orientation in which communication phenomena, ‎such as events, news, and information themselves, are understood based on the visible social ‎contexts where media practitioners are working and oriented to fulfill self-desires. Meanwhile, in ‎the ma'na-yi harfi perspective, the communication phenomenon is interpreted, constructed, and ‎displayed with self-consideration (individual or collective self), but it is built in the full ‎awareness that phenomena belong to the absolute Ruler (God), and humans as the giver of ‎meaning to those phenomena must translate the greatness of God in them. The phenomenon of ‎communication is considered a part of the greatness of God in the universe so the hoaxes and ‎negative messages can be avoided. The ma’na-yi harfi perspective can be considered as a solution ‎to solve the social problems of hoaxes.

The findings show that and how COVID-19 conspiracy theories construct the existence of a secret elite that dominates the world, use ideological strategies such as the personalisation of domination, the friend/enemy scheme, rational irrationality and logical determinism. COVID-19 conspiracy theories are a necrophilic ideology, an ideology of death that advances death and increases the number of deaths. This pandemic ideology tries to convince humans that vaccines are harmful and that COVID-19 is a hoax, whereby human misery is advanced. COVID-19 conspiracy theories are to a large degree a right-wing ideology.

The amount of hoax information spread about the case of racism of Papuan students in Surabaya can certainly trigger conflict. Therefore, Papuan students are required to be able to properly analyze information obtained from any source, especially from digital media. This study aims to determine the strategy of Papuan students in identifying hoax news about cases of racism in digital media. This study uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques consisting of observation, in-depth interviews, documentation and focus group discussions. The informants consisted of Papuan students in Jayapura and Jakarta. Data analysis uses data reduction, data display and conclusion/verification. The results showed that student literacy about hoaxes consisted of (1) hoaxes were confusing and provocative information, (2) hoaxes were news diversion issues, (3) untrue news and (4) hoaxes sourced from the community and the state. Related to how Papuan students identify hoaxes, they are (a) looking for comparative information on other media, (b) checking and rechecking with friends and family, and (c) checking the clarity of information sources. To be critical of hoax news, students are criticizing hoaxes against images, photos and news that are not appropriate, criticizing foreign media and domestic media that spread hoaxes, and criticizing the government as a hoax spreader. The recommendation for this research is that the government makes an electronic-based information system that can be used by the Papuan people as a means to find out the government's efforts in educating and educating the Papuan people in the field of Digital Media Literacy.

Islamic Journalism is a series of activities in conveying messages in the form of da'wah to the public through media channels, one of them is social media. Social media was born to simplify and to be a solution for the human to penetrate the boundaries of space and time. However, excessive use of social media actually causes new problems for humans themselves. Hoax is a negative implication that we feel right now. Regrettably, people easily trust the information on social media without verifying or crosschecking the truth of the information. Islamic Journalism has offered a solution in dealing with hoaxes, of course, solutions that come from the Qur'an and the Hadith.

This article elaborates on the role and movement of murshid as an informal institution in the tarekat, which is at the same time an integral part of the Sufism tradition. By using a socio-historical approach, this article identifies the intellectual movement of murshid in reproducing and reformulating strong beliefs as a connector of scientific transmission traditions (sanad), which are convened into two categories. First, the movement that interprets murshid activism in terms of their personal characteristics, such as their thoughts that play its function in regulating some religious aspects, especially as a reference for the followers. Second, the musrhid movement that links a structure into social functions, for example creating, disseminating, and carrying out culture. Murshid in this category is identified as the holder of scientific sanad that have vertical mobility to save the world so that it does not become a prison for individuality. This category of murshid charisma can be the foundation of the followers of the tarekat to avoid a lot of false information, the spread of hoax news from social media, and various other noises in this post-truth era.

In this article, which is an expanded and updated adaptation of the 2018 North American Society for the Sociology of Sport Presidential Address, I look at the challenges and opportunities presented to the field by the Sokal 2.0 hoax. Specifically, I look at issues of epistemology and politics as expressed in, and produced through, the field(s) of sport sociology, physical cultural studies, and critical studies in/of sport. I conclude with a discussion regarding how sport sociologists and scholars in related fields might look to form new associations as they continue to produce politically-meaningful scholarship and seek social justice and social equality there through.

In this paper, the author presents a study of management of da’wah bil lisan (invitation to Islam through oral preaching) from the perspective of hadith (records or sayings of Prophet Muhammad PBUH). The current study discussed about how the concept of da’wah management was based on the hadiths of the Prophet in which the author intended to explore the relation of the hadiths to expert theories in management. This paper presented the definition of Da’wah management as well as the kinds of media employed. In addition, it also explained the concept of management of Da’wah in the form of planning, implementation, and evaluation. The results of the study revealed that: (1) Planning, Rasulullah (The Prophet) recommended preachers to develop a strategy of da'wah to make it easier and more appealing for the target of preaching so they wouldn’t leave. (2) Implementation, Rasulullah encouraged Da'I (a preacher) to avoid using false information (hoax), hate speech and boastful statements in delivering his preaches. (3) Evaluation, Rasulullah also encouraged us to self-evaluate for anything we had done and to control our desires.

As a means of disseminating information, a new era of media does not always have a positive impact on the purpose of da’wah. The new era’s media actually raises the birth of da’wah that is extreme, radical and far from the meaning of Islam as a religion of peace. Very few da’wah actors and activists have integrated prophetic ethics and values in the new media era. They use many utterances of hatred (hatespeech) and lies (hoaxes) to preach. This phenomenon is very inversely proportional to the teachings of friendly and peaceful Islam as did the Prophet Muhammad. Therefore, grounding prophetic-based tabligh activities is very urgent in the new media era.

This article describes the reality of freedom of preaching on social media. The research approach used in this study is qualitative descriptive with a critical paradigm. There are two focus of the study approach used, namely; 1) participatory culture approach, to know the characteristics of the Youtube da'wah channel, 2) a new media impact analysis approach, to analyze the problem of da'i and mad'u millennial in the context of da'wah activities on the Youtube channel. The results of this study indicate that da'wah activities on the da'wah Youtube channel consist of 4 (four) types, namely: 1) Youtube channels affiliated with community organizations; 2) Youtube channels that are managed independently by da'i; 3) youtube channel managed by da'wah community; 4) Youtube channels managed by Vloggers or other Youtuber. Also, there are threats behind the freedom to preach on social media, including; easy spread of provocative preaching messages, slander, hoax, and veiled radical understanding. The solution to the threat is; 1) the corrective approach of the da'i through Youtube channels; 2) the participation of da'i affiliates to oversee da'wah content that is inappropriate and contrary to humanist, moderate and transformative da'wah.

Hoax is one of social media evil. It is not only happen on adult, but also on children. Hoax brings negative effect for society, especially for children because they will have a bad behavior. So to solve this problem, they need character education. Character education is one of education to improve values of nation characters on students. Character education will be successful with litration culture, that is literature learning. The students will face directly about live value of figures, such as religion value, honestly, tolerance, love, justice, and service. By internalization that value, hopely the students will avoid from hoax activities.