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Youth is often constructed as a stage of identity exploration. However, not all young people are able to explore their identity freely. Some young people have to experience transition inside the prison (LPKA). This article explores strategy and hope of the future among youth in prison. This research uses qualitative methods combining observation, in-depth interviews and secondary data to gather relevant data. Despite living inside the prison, they still have hopes about their future. They strategically make plans to convert their on hand stock of capital in order to reach the ideal goal. They also have to convert their capitals effectively in order to negotiate with risk as a form of stigmatization. Reflexive capacity is important to create strategic plans and anticipates unpredictable risk in the future.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um021v4i12019p021

Outdoor education has been growing as a sector in Ireland since its inception in the 1960s. There has, however, been a lack of empirical research into the development of outdoor education practice in Ireland. In the absence of a coherent theory of practice, and critically reflective practitioners, outdoor education in Ireland is at the mercy of tacit ideological forces that shape its values and purpose in problematic ways. This ethno-case study aimed to examine Irish outdoor education’s espoused theory and actual practice. Contemporary outdoor education practice and how this practice has been influenced by historical, political, and societal developments in Ireland was the main focus of this study. Four publicly funded Outdoor Education and Training Centres (OETCs) were involved in this study and data were gathered during 2016 and 2017. Data were generated, to gain insight into the daily practice in the OETCs, through participant observation and informal conversation. The public view portrayed of public provision outdoor education (websites analysis), and the internal policy of how to deliver outdoor education (centre documentation analysis) were also useful in generating data. Analysis of the dataset was in line with thematic analysis, and this was interpreted through the lens of McDonaldization (Ritzer, 2019). The validity of my analysis and interpretation was shown through a detailed summary of methods, member checks, researcher reflexivity, and internal reliability checks. The analysis and interpretation of data is presented through creative non-fiction stories. This approach, whilst uncommon in outdoor education research, allowed me to maintain a high level of anonymity, and protect the identities of the research participants coming from such a small, close-knit community. The four key findings of this research inquiry, described in these creative non-fiction stories, show the McDonaldization of public outdoor education practice in Ireland, as well as a lack of theoretical underpinning in practice, with logistics informing programmes more than educational objectives, and an ideological dissonance between espoused values and actual practice. Irish public outdoor education, with its focus on adventure sports training, has become somewhat haphazard in its vision for practice. This is not helped by the lack of interest shown from local and national government in embedding outdoor education into the curriculum. This thesis argues that a rebranding of the OETCs as adventure training centres, or a shifting of focus to concentrate on health and wellbeing as opposed to education are viable options for future practice. Should public outdoor education aspire to be integrated into the mainstream curriculum, a refocus of practice, along with a major upskilling of practitioners, is needed.

Drawing on Bourdieu’s theory of practice, we consider internationalization as a process of field crossing and apply this framework to nascent international entrepreneurs. The analysis of 37 interviews with French entrepreneurs, managers, and support providers in China allows identifying two types of international entrepreneurs: (1) “Fallen Icaruses”, unable to incorporate and exhibit a global habitus and who fall back to the home field, and (2) “Global Argonauts”, incorporating and exhibiting a global habitus and who proceed with internationalization. Our findings show that social networks can be hostile to newcomers and that incumbents in those networks first assess newcomers’ “compatibility”. We posit that the success of international initiatives by entrepreneurs depends on their ability to cross and fit into different “fields”, and to develop various forms of social relationships in those fields. Post-print / Final draft

Using qualitative methodologies, this paper offers a contribution to the very recent literatura on rebusque by characterizing the practice of the social grouping that I will refer to as «street rebuscadores» in Bogotá. Based on eighteen months of ethnographic research in the localities of Ciudad Bolívar and Suba (2012-2014), this paper draws on Bourdieu’s theory of practice, particularly on the concepts of habitus and capital, to argue that Street rebuscadores share a similar volume and composition of overall capital (or habitus), as well as various practices associated with their habitus. Within that theoretical framework, this paper describes and analyses four common practices of street rebuscadores, in the hope of shedding some light on the logic underneath those practices. Ultimately, my political goal is also to give some visibility to the most vulnerable segment of the working poor. Resumen Este texto busca contribuir a la literatura reciente sobre el rebusque, a través de una caracterización basada en datos cualitativos de la práctica de la agrupación social a la que me referiré como «rebuscadores callejeros» en Bogotá. Con base en los resultados obtenidos en dieciocho meses de investigación etnográfica en las localidades de Ciudad Bolívar y Suba (2012-2014), y aplicando la teoría de la práctica de Bourdieu (en particular los conceptos de habitus y capital), en el presente texto argumento que los rebuscadores callejeros comparten un volumen y una composición de capital total (o habitus) y, en consecuencia, comparten diferentes prácticas asociadas con su habitus. Usando ese marco teórico, describo y analizo cuatro prácticas comunes de los rebuscadores callejeros, con la esperanza de iluminar la lógica que subyace a dichas prácticas. En última instancia, mi objetivo político es dar visibilidad al segmento más vulnerable de los trabajadores en Bogotá. Resumo Este texto procura contribuir para a literatura recente sobre el rebusque, através de uma caracterização baseada em dados qualitativos da prática do grupo social ao qual me referirei como «rebuscadores callejeros» (camelôs em português) em Bogotá. Com base nos resultados obtidos em dezoito meses de pesquisa etnográfica nas regiões de Cidade Bolívar e Suba (2012-2014), e aplicando a teoria da prática de Bourdieu (em particular os conceitos de habitus e capital), no presente texto argumento que Los rebuscadores callejeros compartilham um volume e uma composição de capital total (ou habitus), e consequentemente dividem práticas diferentes associadas ao seu habitus. Utilizando esse referencial teórico, descrevo e analiso quatro práticas comuns de Los rebuscadores callejeros, na esperança de iluminar a lógica subjacente a tais práticas. Em última análise, meu objetivo político é dar visibilidade ao segmento mais vulnerável de trabalhadores em Bogotá.

Everyday life is neither the result of mundane, common-sense, habitual human behaviour as theorized by the agency-centred approach of methodological individualism nor the sheer result of the conformation to temporal norms of the structural approach of social holism. In fact, everyday life is marked by a rhythmic, temporal structure that is brought into effect by the modality of repetitive action. In this article, a praxeological approach is used to conceptualize everyday life as a social structure in terms of its underlying stable practices. Multi-day time-diary data and optimal matching with clustering techniques show empirically that everyday life consists of stable practices that vary in function of temporal and social demands, in function of handling coordination of practice, and in function of embedding these practices in collectively shared temporal orders.

Purpose: To map the converging principles of the various practice theories and present their implications for the research agenda of the strategy as practice. Originality/gap/relevance/implications: The research program of strategy as practice (S-as-P) is an intellectual heir of the studies based upon practices present in contemporary social theory. Field theoreticians reinforce the importance of a self-conscious application of the theory of practice, an ambition that requires an allegiance to the notion of practice. Facing this situation, the contribution of this work is: 1. to enable a first approach with the philosophical assumptions of the theory of practice; 2. to serve as a basis for a thorough examination of the research agenda of S-as-P; 3. to serve as inspiration for scholars to be concerned about the fundamental concepts of their researches. Key methodological aspects: Theoretical essay elaborated from a systematic review of the literature. Summary of key results: Review of critical concepts for the S-as-P (e.g.: notions of social/organizational reality, practice, agency, strategy and articulation of these concepts with influential visions in the field of strategy), showing their unique aspects - facing the procedural approaches in strategy and previous theoretical perspectives in the social sciences that use the word practice - and stimulating the development of research of ethnographic inspiration, cartographic or similar. Key considerations/conclusions: The effort undertaken is an attempt to bring to surface the assumptions that guide the turn of the practice, avoiding the reproduction of theoretical models, without understanding the principles on which they were drawn up. RESUMO Objetivo: Mapear os princípios convergentes das diversas teorias da prática e apresentar suas implicações para a agenda de pesquisa da estratégia como prática. Originalidade/lacuna/relevância/implicações: O programa de pesquisa de estratégia como prática (S-as-P, em inglês) é um herdeiro intelectual dos estudos baseados em práticas presentes na teoria social contemporânea. Estudiosos do campo reforçam a importância de uma aplicação autoconsciente da teoria da prática, ambição que passa por uma fidelidade à noção de prática. Diante desse quadro, a contribuição do trabalho está em 1. possibilitar uma primeira aproximação com os pressupostos filosóficos da teoria da prática; 2. servir como base para um exame aprofundado da agenda de pesquisa da S-as-P; 3. servir como inspiração para que acadêmicos se preocupem com os conceitos fundamentais de suas pesquisas. Principais aspectos metodológicos: Trata-se de um ensaio teórico elaborado a partir de uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Síntese dos principais resultados: Revisão de conceitos críticos para a S-as-P (p. ex.: noções de realidade social/organizacional, de prática, agência, estratégia e articulação desses conceitos com visões influentes no campo da estratégia), evidenciando seus aspectos singulares - frente às abordagens processuais em estratégia e às perspectivas teóricas anteriores nas ciências sociais que utilizam o vocábulo prática - e, dessa forma, estimulando a realização de pesquisas de inspiração etnográfica, cartográfica ou similares. Principais considerações/conclusões: O esforço realizado é uma tentativa de trazer à tona os pressupostos que orientam a virada da prática, evitando a reprodução de modelos teóricos, sem que se compreendam os princípios sobre os quais foram elaborados. RESUMEN Objetivo: Mapear los principios convergentes de las diversas teorías de la práctica y presentar sus implicaciones para la agenda de investigación de la estrategia como práctica. Originalidad/laguna/relevancia/implicaciones: El programa de investigación de estrategia como práctica (S-as-P, en inglés) es un heredero intelectual de los estudios basados en prácticas presentes en la teoría social contemporánea. Teóricos del campo refuerzan la importancia de una aplicación autoconsciente de la teoría de la práctica, ambición que pasa por una fidelidad a la noción de práctica. Ante ese cuadro, la contribución del trabajo está en 1. posibilitar una primera aproximación con los presupuestos filosóficos de la teoría de la práctica; 2. servir como base para un examen profundizado de la agenda de investigación de la S-as-P; 3. servir como inspiración para que académicos se preocupen con los conceptos fundamentales de sus investigaciones. Principales aspectos metodológicos: Es un ensayo teórico elaborado a partir de una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Síntesis de los principales resultados: Revisión de conceptos críticos para la S-as-P (p. ej.: nociones de realidad social/organizacional, de práctica, la agencia, la estrategia y la articulación de estos conceptos con visiones influyentes en el campo de la estrategia), mostrando sus aspectos únicos - sobre los enfoques procesales en la estrategia y perspectivas teóricas previas en las ciencias sociales que utilizan la palabra práctica - y estimulando el desarrollo de la investigación de inspiración etnográfica, cartográfica o similar. Principales consideraciones/conclusiones: El esfuerzo realizado es una tentativa de sacar a la luz los presupuestos que orientan la virada de la práctica en las ciencias sociales, evitando el armadijo de la reproducción de modelos teóricos sin que se comprenda los principios conceptuales sobre los cuales fueron elaborados.

This paper sets out a typology for organizational ICT practice in order to derive a more holistic perspective of sociomateriality and its constituent elements (i.e. humans, objects, and practice). Seminal literature by Parsons and Bourdieu is combined with sociomateriality literature in order to offer insights into the factors that need to be investigated when conducting research into organizational ICT practice. The outlined typology is evaluated through an empirical case study of a connected health ICT project to show how the dimensions of the typology come together and contribute to a better understanding.

A compilation of articles edited by Nassehi and Nollmann (2004) and a paper published by Pokol (2002) inaugurate a discussion about similarities in the theories of Pierre Bourdieu and Niklas Luhmann in spite of the fact that the differences are more likely visible. This paper unifies the discussion which until now has been developed from various authors independently and introduces the arguments in the Spanish speaking academic sphere. readopting and accentuating the comparative idea, this text defends that using simultaneously, previously justified, the theories of Bourdieu and Luhmann is an interesting possibility of epistemological synthesis. developing a systematic comparison of similarities and differences in core concepts from each author, their relation with classical and contemporary sociological theory, their epistemological axioms, views on agency/structure and subjacent ethics, the paper finally summarizes the synergetic effects which a perspective based on both theoretical sources offers for social investigation.Una compilación de artículos editada por Nassehi y Nollmann (2004) y un texto de Pokol (2002) inauguran una discusión sobre las similitudes entre las teorías de Pierre Bourdieu y Niklas Luhmann a pesar de su aparente discrepancia. el presente artículo aglutina el debate sobre la cuestión que hasta el momento ha sido desarrollada aisladamente por varios autores y la introduce en el ámbito académico hispanohablante. retomando y profundizando en la idea comparativa, el artículo argumenta que el uso en paralelo, previamente justificado, de las teorías de Bourdieu y Luhmann supone una posibilidad interesante de síntesis epistemológica. Se desarrolla una comparación sistemática de similitudes y diferencias de los conceptos clave de ambos autores, sus relaciones con la teoría sociológica clásica y contemporánea, sus axiomas epistémicos, visiones sobre agente/estructura y éticas subyacentes, para finalmente concluir en las sinergias que sugieren para la investigación social una mirada teórica que se nutre de ambas fuentes.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an introduction and overview of the various papers in this special issue.Design/methodology/approachA short discussion of the main quests of interventionist research and how these are related to the papers in this special issue, is undertaken.FindingsThe essence of interventionist research is its methodological location, researching where practice and theory meet.Research limitations/implicationsInterventionist research places strong demands on the individual researcher's interpretative, social, and abstracting skills in order to carry observations to ontological and epistemological levels.Practical implicationsInterventionist research is rich in research designs and specific intervention types. Selecting the “right” one is strongly related to the connection the researcher makes with the social context she/he will operate in. Changes over time in both design and intervention can be expected, given the dynamic, longitudinal and interactive nature of interventionist research.Originality/valueThis special issue provides examples of a varied set of interventionist research situations, including the selection of typical intervention methods and how knowledge contributions were extracted.

Im Sinne einer pragmatistischen Perspektive, wie sie zuerst John DEWEY (1987 [1934]) in Anschluss an William JAMES formulierte, ist das Religiöse weniger als eine spezifische Art von experience zu verstehen, denn als ein adjustment hin zu einer epistemischen Perspektive, die alle Erfahrungen in einem veränderten Licht erscheinen lässt. Religiosität zielt damit auf ein besonderes Selbst- und Weltverhältnis, in dem die Beziehung zwischen Selbst und Welt aus einer ganzheitlichen Perspektive betrachtet wird.Wie aber können fremde, auf den ersten Blick in ihrer Genese unwahrscheinliche und unter modernen Verhältnissen zudem anzweifelbare religiöse Haltungen und Sinnsysteme etabliert werden? Am Beispiel der im tibetischen Buddhismus verbreiteten Phowa-Meditation des "bewussten Sterbens" wird untersucht, wie für westliche Adept/innen auf den ersten Blick befremdlich und esoterisch anmutende spirituelle Lehren mit zunehmender Praxis an Evidenz und Sinnhaftigkeit gewinnen können, indem sich Gruppenprozesse, Visualisierungen, körperorientierte Übungen und psychisches Erleben zu einem übergreifenden Arrangement verschränken. Die empirische Datengrundlage für die Untersuchung liefern narrative Interviews mit westlich sozialisierten Schüler/innen und Lehrer/innen des Diamantweg-Buddhismus, der derzeit größten buddhistischen Gemeinschaft des tibetischen Buddhismus in Deutschland. Die Auswertung der Interviews erfolgte angelehnt an die dokumentarische Methode, erweitert durch eine Kontexturanalyse, um den Reflexionsverhältnissen gerecht zu werden, die den religiösen Selbst- und Weltbezug aufspannen.URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1503179, From the pragmatist viewpoint, as first formulated by John DEWEY following William JAMES, religiousness must be understood less as a specific kind of experience than as an "adjustment" towards an epistemic perspective that throws a different light on all experiences. Religiousness thus has to do with a particular relationship between the self and the world which is seen from a holistic perspective. But how can religious attitudes and meaning systems be established and sustained that are foreign and which from the modern standpoint seem doubtful?Taking the Phowa meditation practised in Tibetan Buddhism as an example, this study shows how spiritual teachings that initially appear to Western adepts to be strange and esoteric can gain in credibility and meaningfulness through an interweaving of group processes, visualisations, body-oriented exercises and mental experiences in an overarching arrangement. The analysis is based on empirical data obtained in narrative interviews conducted with teachers and learners of Diamond Way Buddhism who have been socialised in the west. The interviews were analysed using a method based on the documentary method, expanded by contextural analysis in order to do justice to the interviewees' reflections on their religious relationships to their selves and the world.URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1503179, Desde un punto de vista pragmático, y como fuera formulado por John DEWEY (1987 [1934]) siguiendo a William JAMES, la religiosidad debe ser entendida no tanto como un tipo específico de experiencia sino como un "ajuste" hacia una perspectiva epistémica que arroja una luz diferente sobre todas las experiencias. Por tanto, la religiosidad tiene que ver con una relación particular entre la persona y el mundo, que es vista desde una perspectiva holística.Pero, ¿cómo pueden las actitudes religiosas y sistemas de significado, desconocidos y que a primera vista parecen poco probable y dudosos, establecerse y mantenerse? Tomando la meditación Phowa practicada en el budismo tibetano como un ejemplo, este estudio muestra cómo las enseñanzas espirituales que en un principio parecen extrañas y esotéricas a los adeptos occidentales pueden ganar en credibilidad y significado a través de un entramado de procesos grupales, visualizaciones, ejercicios orientados al cuerpo y experiencias mentales. El análisis se basa en datos empíricos obtenidos en entrevistas narrativas realizadas con profesores y aprendices del budismo camino del diamante que ha sido socializado en occidente. El budismo camino del diamante representa la mayor comunidad de budistas tibetanos en Alemania. Las entrevistas fueron analizadas mediante el método documental, ampliado por el análisis contextural, con el fin de hacer justicia a las reflexiones de los entrevistados en torno a las relaciones religiosas que establecen consigo mismos y el mundo.URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1503179

Summary Background Implementing changes in practice in either clinical or educational settings remains challenging. In the context of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) adoption, the literature focuses either on organisational factors influencing its implementation, or on individual factors influencing its adoption into practice. Separately both fail to examine the issue holistically. Bourdieu's theory of practice provides a method for reconciling the two. Objective To provide a practical example of how Bourdieu's theory of practice can be employed to better understand nurse educators' responses to ICT. Design Exploratory descriptive design, using a Bourdieusian case-study to guide a documentary analysis. Methods In 2009 a two-part study was conducted within a Department of Nursing (DON) in higher education (HE) in England. First Bourdieu's theory of practice was used to develop a case-study; then nurse educators were recruited for a Q-methodology (Q) study. This paper focuses exclusively on the case study and the use of the theory of practice to interpret the findings from the Q-study. Results Nursing's transition into academia, promotions criteria in HE and the value placed on research over teaching have influenced educators' responses to technology. Conclusion The use of Bourdieu's framework provides a rich and contextual backdrop for understanding how organisational factors interact to influence individuals' responses to technology adoption.

Despite a proclaimed internationalism and open-mindedness, prejudices concerning e.g. religion and national background were common in the early modern Republic of Letters. In fact, stereotypes were often used in debates to undermine the position of one’s opponent. In this article, I will look at a polemic between Jean Le Clerc (1657-1736) and Pieter Burman (1668-1741) about the position of classical scholarship and education at the turn of the eighteenth century. I will employ Bourdieu’s theory of practice to demonstrate how the stereotypes these two scholars use served both to blacken each other and to define themselves and the subject of the debate.