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The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the global recognition for greater inter-disciplinary and multi-disciplinary working, and the need for systematic approaches which recognise the interconnectedness and interactions between human, animal and environmental health. The notion of such a One Team/One science approach is perhaps best exemplified by the One Health concept, a systematic approach which is rapidly entering into the mainstream. However, the concept of One Health, as we presently know it, originated from One Medicine, a notion which is much older and which emerged to promote collaboration between the human and veterinary medicine professions and the allied health/scientific disciplines. Whilst One Medicine is perhaps better known by the veterinary community, some misconceptions of what One Medicine is have arisen. Therefore, this review introduces this emerging concept and how it can help to address overlapping (communicable and non-communicable disease) health challenges faced by both human and veterinary medicine.

This article aims to examine the methodology of Ijtihād tat̟bīqī KH. Sahal Mahfudh in contextualizing and actualizing classical fiqh texts. The method used is qualitative with the theoretical approach of ijtihād tat̟bîqî by Abû Ishâq Ibrâhîm al-Syâtibi and the theory of Social Construction of Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann with the basis of the Sociology of Knowledge analysis. The results of this study indicate that there are three methodologies of Ijtihād tat̟bīqī KH. Sahal Mahfudh: first, historical approach. Second, the cultural approach (culture), Third, the sociological approach. The contribution of this research is to actualize and contextualize classical fiqh texts while maintaining their relevant authenticity and then synergizing them with more positive modern scientific disciplines so that they exist and survive in the present and as the future development of Indonesian and world fiqh.

As one of the scientific disciplines in the sociolinguistic field, Arabic is often only fixated on the concept of language without involving other scientific studies, thus giving birth to Arabic learners who are less responsive to the times. This study aims to analyze the values of integration-interconnection contained in the material in the Arabic textbook class XII Islamic Senior High School published by the Indonesian Ministry of Religion, supported by other relevant documents using a literature study. The data collected in the field were analyzed using descriptive-qualitative. This study indicated that the five chapters has already contained the value of integration-interconnection between religious, scientific, and social sciences. However, there were no value in scientific knowledge found in Chapter II and III. Also, the result of this study needed to be emphasized the application of the value of integration-interconnection in Arabic learning. It is not enough to rely only on textbooks alone, but it also requires the presence of teachers who participate in extracting other scientific values. The results are expected to contribute to improving the concept of Arabic textbooks, which contain the value of integration-interconnection. Further research is expected to explore the value of integration-interconnection at every level of education. It is highly expected that this will create Arabic language learning that can meet other scientific disciplines.

En el presente artículo se presenta una reconstrucción del episodio histórico de la cristalización del management industrial a través de la introducción de la Teoría de la Dinámica de Sistemas de Jay Wright Forrester de la Sloan School of Management del MIT. Para ello, se utilizarán explícitamente las herramientas historiográficas provistos por el marco metateórico de Thomas Kuhn, por considerarlo de gran fertilidad para dar cuenta de los episodios de maduración de disciplinas científicas.

Life experiences influence our research and motivate us to ask scientific questions and shape research goals. Here, Trends in Molecular Medicine authors share their journey in science. Their portraits highlight the diversity of scientists and that there is no standard career in science. We hope that these inspiring stories will help to build bridges of understanding between science and society, and motivate others to join the melting pot of scientific disciplines united in Trends in Molecular Medicine.

The view that we live in the Anthropocene is increasingly gaining currency across scientific disciplines. Especially in sociology this is said to require a paradigm shift in analysis and theory formation. This article argues that such a conclusion is premature. Owing to a scholastic fallacy – the uncritical transposition of the concept from the natural to the social sciences – Anthropocene lacks analytic clarity and explanatory power evidenced by: a normative overreach that erroneously imagines an idealised world citizenry with collective action capacities; an obfuscation of the unequal distribution of ecological pathologies caused by capitalism; a normative indeterminacy concerning modes of redress; and an abstract ecological universalism offered as moral panacea. The article suggests that sociology needs to address the Anthropocene’s heterogeneity marked by contradictory regional interests and inequalities that neither appeals to social justice or ‘one humanity’ nor an escape into a dissolution of ontological differences between actors and artefacts can redeem. To that end, sociologists are asked to undertake a critical reconstruction of the concept.

La neurobiónica es una ciencia que se encuentra limitando entre las ciencias de la salud, las ingenierías y las neurociencias, tomando elementos de dichas disciplinas cientificas, y llegando a configurarse como una ciencia relativamente nueva, lo que ha provocado que sea un campo muy poco conocido, aún entre los profesionales de las ciencias de la salud, sin embargo, no por ello deja de ser una disciplina que por sí misma es una ciencia básica, pero también, una ciencia aplicada. El presente estudio ha empleado dos softwares: CASP y STROBE, para hacer un sondeo por las cuarenta bases de datos de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud de los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica, con el objeto de revisar los últimos diez años en lo referente a literatura cientifica sobre neurobiónica. Se analizaron seis diferentes ecuaciones para la búsqueda y se aplicaron criterios de inclusión y exclusión. El estudio arrojó información y hallazgos que indican que la neurobiónica es un campo sumamente prometedor, tanto para hacer aportaciones para las ciencias de la salud como para las ciencias sociales, dada su enorme versatilidad y capacidad de ejecución de trabajos transdisciplinarios, pues se encuentra en la frontera del conocimiento humano, hasta el punto de obligarnos a repensar la definición de lo que es la especie humana a la luz del uso de tecnologías integradas al sistema nervioso central.

The appeal and challenges of creative research methods Attention for the use of creative research methods in various scientific disciplines is increasing. In this article, several reasons are given as to why researchers are drawn to these methods. The challenges that researchers may face in using these methods are also described. The article ends with a brief outlook on the possible future of creative methods, pointing to how they can contribute to acquiring acknowledge and tap into different types of knowledge.

Statisticians have been keen to critique statistical aspects of the “replication crisis” in other scientific disciplines. But new statistical tools are often published and promoted without any thought to replicability. This needs to change, argue Anne-Laure Boulesteix, Sabine Hoffmann, Alethea Charlton and Heidi Seibold

We thank RBB for the privilege of discussing our book and target article with five highly knowledgeable colleagues from different scientific disciplines related to ethics and evolution science. The...

The article reviews interdisciplinary problems as a versatile phenomenon. Interdisciplinary is more often understood as interaction between different scientific disciplines, which can range from simple exchange of ideas to organization of joint research activities. Taking into account this understanding of the interdisciplinary phenomenon, the prerequisites for joint scientific activity between library specialists and the medical (biologists) community are considered. An attempt is made to analyze the possibilities of the library scientific community to participate in such studies. In the practical part, the Russian biomedical publications with the library employees’ participation, presented on the e Library platform, are analyzed: an array of interdisciplinary articles on this subject is revealed, the analysis of the sample by year, participation of authors, libraries, disciplines, scientometric indicators is carried out. The results made it possible to understand the features of the tasks and the specifics of research strategies. Suggestions on possible trends of interdisciplinary researches development in the libraries of Russia are formulated. Conditions, contributing to increasing the chances of library specialists to be included in interdisciplinary researches are stated based on the Reference and Bibliographic Department of SB RAS experience. Foreign interdisciplinary publications are considered by referring to reviews on this issue. The studied articles from authoritative journals on informatics and librarianship testifies to the number growth publications in biomedical disciplines prepared with participation of library specialists. A review publication in the Journal of the Medical Library Association covering interdisciplinary publications with participation of library professionals for 2008 – 2017 served as a model for the analysis. The authors concluded that the main topics of cooperation between librarians and tutors were related to the assessment of medical and social aspects of patients’ health, the search for medical information and clinical decisionmaking.

El cuidado de las fuentes hídricas en el territorio colombiano es una prioridad que se enmarca dentro de los desafíos que surgen a partir de la propuesta de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. En este contexto, es importante el papel que juega la Educación Ambiental en todos los niveles de formación y a partir de ahí se vuelve relevante revisar y aprender los conceptos científicos que se derivan del agua como sustancia pura, lo que implica un trabajo didáctico que tenga en cuenta los diferentes tipos de conceptos que forman parte de las disciplinas científicas que convergen en el lenguaje ambiental. Por lo tanto, se propone una reflexión en torno a los resultados de dos investigaciones llevadas a cabo por el grupo de Investigación Planificación en Gestión Ambiental Eficiente de la Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca que evidencian la necesidad de la fundamentación conceptual para trascender con argumentos, desde la valoración del agua solo como recurso hídrico hasta la valoración del compuesto como un reactivo con propiedades definitivas para la sostenibilidad del planeta y de nuestro territorio.

This essay, as its title indicates, deals with the essential concepts that should be taken into account in the design of a didactic model for the teaching of the basic sciences -or any other discipline- at university. According to the argument developed, man and his characteristics should constitute the primordial conceptual axis. For this reason, the text briefly develops an anthropological framework, an epistemological framework, and a theoretical framework where these concepts and the needs of the model are inserted in relation to man. The anthropological framework deals with the problem of man and the relationship between the anthropological and the pedagogical. In the epistemological framework, the nature of learning in the sciences and the characteristics of the scientific disciplines. Finally, in the theoretical framework, the conjugation of diverse elements linked to learning and some essential characteristics that the model being sought should have.

It has been argued that the influx of women into the fields of primatology and animal behaviour caused a transformation in conventional beliefs, particularly with regard to our understanding of male–female sexual dynamics and the role of females in animal societies. Women members of the Animal Behavior Society (ABS) have played important roles in challenging the accepted wisdom in our field. Simultaneously, at least during the last 40 years, women have become an increasingly vibrant force within the ABS, including playing significant roles within the leadership of the society. As a result, animal behaviour represents a notable exception with regard to gender parity when compared to some other scientific disciplines. This paper examines the synergisms between the influx of women into animal behaviour and novel advances in the field. It also addresses questions debated by feminist scholars regarding the reasons and mechanisms for women's impacts and whether feminism is a factor in disciplinary transformations. Finally, it suggests the integration of women in animal behaviour provides a blueprint for inclusion of other groups under-represented in the sciences.

We report the results of a study that investigated the views of researchers working in seven scientific disciplines and in history and philosophy of science in regard to four hypothesized dimensions of scientific realism. Among other things, we found (i) that natural scientists tended to express more strongly realist views than social scientists, (ii) that history and philosophy of science scholars tended to express more antirealist views than natural scientists, (iii) that van Fraassen’s characterization of scientific realism failed to cluster with more standard characterizations, and (iv) that those who endorsed the pessimistic induction were no more or less likely to endorse antirealism.

Social-ecological systems are a framework that have been developed last years from different perspectives and scientific disciplines. One of the best renowned frameworks is Ostrom´s framework (2009). Ostrom propose this framework after many years studying the management of common pool resources. Two analytical proposals are made based on the identification of two types of pollination: on the one hand, commercial pollination and on the other, domestic pollination (Skewes et. Al, 2018), from the framework of social-ecological systems proposed by Ostrom (2009). The objective is to analyse how cooperation and environmental sustainability are produced from beekeeping. The methodology consisted of an exhaustive review of articles published in the journal Ecology and Society between 1997 and 2019. It concludes with the importance of studying social capital to analyse cooperation. Also, that it is necessary to recognize the complexity of the context of analysis of beekeeping

In the focus of the paper there are some basic insights and ideas of rational choice theory, that is the "core" of contemporary economic theory. Also, rational choice theory is the "center" of modern political science and is used in various other scientific disciplines, such as: sociology, philosophy, political science, psychology, and the like. There are two main goals of this paper. One is to point out the limitations of rational choice theory as one of the theories of economic behavior (and decision making). The second goal is to analyze certain problems detected during the application of the rational choice theory in economics and to adequately consider the importance of alternative concepts, models, and theories from the point of view of improving the understanding of economic, social, political, and other processes in the economy and society as a whole.

Crowdsourcing and crowdfunding have been successfully used in a range of scientific disciplines and present opportunities for forensic researchers to draw on the power of large numbers of people to contribute to research projects through participation or by providing an alternative source of funding. This review aimed to examine whether contributors to crowd science and crowdfunding for scientific research are motivated to participate or provide financial support by the same factors, and to examine recruitment strategies in an attempt to identify a potential crowd for forensic researchers to approach. There was found to be limited research into crowdfunding for scientific research that addressed the motivations of contributors or recruitment strategies used, and no conclusions could be made. There is a need to overcome low response rates and high attrition over the lifetime of a crowd science project or crowdfunding appeal. It is necessary to target a large number of people who are interested in the subject studied and who want to make a difference in some way and contribute to science. True crime podcast audiences are proposed as they present large numbers of listeners who are interested in forensic science, criminal investigation or law enforcement. These audiences have been targeted for successful fundraising efforts and invitations to participate in crowd activities previously. They should be considered by forensic researchers who are looking to venture into crowdsourcing or crowdfunding for research projects.

A complication of academic research, the emergence of new subject areas at the intersection of different scientific disciplines, increase in international collaboration are accompanied by an increase in the number of co-authors resulting in the problem of author attribution requiring the development of new approaches to detecting authors’ roles and formation of new authorship criteria. The solution of the problem of authorship attribution should specify actual contribution of the scientist to preparing research and the paper, distinguish areas of responsibility of co-authors, and enable certain researchers to accumulate their own reputation capital. The current study presents a review of Russian and foreign approaches for solving this problem including the development of new sections in articles for naming persons who do not match authorship criteria and introduction of models of sequence order of authors. The paper also traces the main stages in the development of authorship criteria, describes the advantages and disadvantages of authorship model as compared to new contributorship model. Transition to the fractional calculation of the contribution of each participant of a research paper is believed to be promising implying significance of the author’s position in the byline and an increased role of paper sections describing the specific contribution of each author.

Los avances tecnológicos modernos son una necesidad inherente al funcionamiento óptimo de la sociedad del siglo XXI, obligando a las personas a constantes cambios, acorde con las nuevas herramientas de trabajo y socialización. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo describir las implicaciones de la tecnología moderna en el pensamiento social. Este estudio, sustentado en la observación natural, documentado partiendo de la experiencia y fundamentado en investigaciones anteriores, intenta explicar cómo evoluciona la forma de pensar conforme avanza la tecnología, aumentando la productividad, flexibilizando la socialización y desencadenando temas de estudio constantes por las diferentes disciplinas científicas modernas. Se concluye sobre los efectos nocivos del avance acelerado de la tecnología sobre la salud física y mental, resaltando las consecuencias e impacto negativo en el desarrollo psicosocial y llamando la atención de las ciencias sociales, a fin de resaltar la importancia de desarrollar técnicas y procedimientos de abordaje que permitan responder de manera óptima y acorde a la nueva era de la información.

Resumen Este artículo realiza una caracterización y sistematización general de las principales investigaciones académicas que tratan sobre los procesos históricos y su relación con el surgimiento y desarrollo de los fenómenos en ciencia, tecnología y medio ambiente en Costa Rica. Se determinan las principales problemáticas que analizan dichos autores, así como las temáticas generales de sus investigaciones y algunos vínculos y colaboraciones académicas entre ellos, lo que permite acercarse a un diagnóstico general del estado del conocimiento en estos campos de estudio. Para realizar este artículo, se emplearon métodos gráficos para analizar las asociaciones entre los investigadores, lo que permite determinar los componentes más generales de la estructura intelectual de los participantes de esta producción académica. La investigación considera tres componentes principales en dicho proceso: 1) los trabajos que tratan la historia de la institucionalización de las disciplinas científicas; 2) aquellos que llevan a cabo un análisis histórico de las relaciones entre el ser humano y la naturaleza en Costa Rica y, vinculado a este, 3) los trabajos que analizan la técnica, la tecnología y el medio ambiente en la historia agraria costarricense. Abstract This article realizes a general characterization and systematization of the main academic research that deals with historical processes and their relationship with the emergence and development of scientific, technological, environmental phenomena in Costa Rica. This paper discusses the main problems raised by these authors, the general themes of their research, and some academic links and collaborations between them, which allows us to approach a general diagnosis of the state of knowledge in these fields of study. To carry out this article, some graphic methods were used to analyze the associations between the researchers, which allows to determine the more general components of the intellectual structure of the participants of the academic production. The research considers three main components in this process: 1) the research studies that deals with the history of the institutionalization of scientific disciplines; 2) those who carry out a historical analysis of the relationship between human beings and nature in Costa Rica, and 3) the works that analyze technique, technology, and the environment in Costa Rican agrarian history.

We examined the long-term impact of coauthorship with established, highly-cited scientists on the careers of junior researchers in four scientific disciplines. Here, using matched pair analysis, we find that junior researchers who coauthor work with top scientists enjoy a persistent competitive advantage throughout the rest of their careers, compared to peers with similar early career profiles but without top coauthors. Such early coauthorship predicts a higher probability of repeatedly coauthoring work with top-cited scientists, and, ultimately, a higher probability of becoming one. Junior researchers affiliated with less prestigious institutions show the most benefits from coauthorship with a top scientist. As a consequence, we argue that such institutions may hold vast amounts of untapped potential, which may be realised by improving access to top scientists., By examining publication records of scientists from four disciplines, the authors show that coauthoring a paper with a top-cited scientist early in one's career predicts lasting increases in career success, especially for researchers affiliated with less prestigious institutions.

A journalist competence as intended in the Press Council Regulation is interpreted as knowledge capability without affirmation for journalists who have knowledge of certain scientific disciplines. The meaning is all journalists from any discipline may be recognized as journalists who have the competence to apply the presumption of innocence in reporting. This arrangement in journalistic practice, the press often appears' 'judgmental' in the news because the use of the terms is often interpreted the same, even though the law holds very different meanings, such as the suspect is written as the perpetrator, released is written as free, not accepted is written as rejected, sentenced to trial is written as the judge free it. To prevent the violation of the presumption of innocence principle in reporting, the regulation of journalists' competencies must be emphasized from intellectual abilities and general knowledge to legal knowledge. The affirmation is directly correlated with the news object which is in the realm of law as a function of the press that is obliged to respect the presumption of innocence principle.

Scientific objective: The thesis of the paper is to confi rm the need and the possibility of preserving the specifics of research aimed at book and information in the new classifi cation of science and scientific disciplines by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland. Research methods: The method of analysis and criticism of the literature has been used. Results and conclusions: The authors are in favor of preserving the specificity of research focused on a book and information, while looking for a new and common areas and ways to solve research problems in collaboration with researchers representing media and social communication studies. Cognitive value: The paper is included in the scientific discussion initiated by the paper by Marek Jablonowski and Tomasz Mielczarek “Komunikowanie spoleczne i media – federacja, a nie inkorporacja” (Media Studies 2018, 4(75), 13–29) on the new classification of science and scientific and artistic disciplines.

Islamic Education (PAI) in Higher Education is a subject that has received a lot of criticism from various circles because PAI which is also referred to as a scientific discipline is only like discussing halal and haram laws and the prospect of discussion is only memorizing doctrinal propositions. On the other hand, PAI is then required to be friendly with social behavior and sensitive to the development of information and technology in this era 4.0. With descriptive qualitative research methods (library research) researchers try to examine and look deeper into Interdisciplinary Insightful Islamic Education for students as a feature and solution to the Era 4.0 Education. The results of this study obtained that the interdisciplinary approach that the researchers offer is to use the disciplines of Arabic, English, Information, and Technology (IT), Accounting and Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jama'ah (ASWAJA). With these 5 scientific disciplines, the Interdisciplinary PAI will be able to become the style and solution of the Islamic Education Era 4.0.

As major world languages – Chinese, Spanish and Portuguese, for instance – become the medium of university networks, it may be the right time to take stock of the influence that English has had over the way the disciplines of humanities and sciences have been shaped, directed and evaluated, in particular in the second half of the 20th century. This paper is an attempt to understand some of the textual, linguistic and historical determinants of Disciplinary English (DE) specifically in the spectrum of technical subjects. DE is now a way of meaning which has become associated with objective authority. From this association, DE has shaped our disciplinary knowledge and spread across to registers of bureaucratic and political subject matter. The discussion also considers innovative potential in disciplinary discourses, in particular what Halliday regarded as the “knight’s move” in text: this is the related, analogical effect of Hasan’s “symbolic articulation” in verbal art and grammatical metaphor in the language of technical disciplines.

Online crime has increased in severity and frequency over the past two decades. However, although several scientific disciplines have commonly employed criminological theories to explain this phenomenon, mainstream criminology has devoted relatively scant attention to the investigation of cyber-criminals and their victims. Drawing on this assumption that more criminological attention should be given to this important type of crime, this article presents an interdisciplinary review of the current state of research on cyber-dependent crimes (i.e., crimes that require the use of computer technology to exist, such as hacking). We begin with a brief discussion of the ecosystem of cyber-dependent crimes and the key actors who operate within it, including the online offenders and enablers, targets and victims, and guardians. Next, we review empirical scholarship that pertains to each actor while distinguishing between nontheoretical research and theoretically driven studies. We then detail methodological and theoretical avenues that should be pursued by future research and discuss why criminological research should lead policy initiatives and guide the design of technical tools that improve the scientific community's ability to generate a safer and more secure cyber-environment. We conclude by discussing potential ways in which cyber-dependent crime research could pave the way for the advancement of mainstream criminological theory and research.

Little is known about women engineers’ career advancement, the factors that support their progression, or the role that formal education plays in women engineers’ career advancement. Phenomenological analysis of interviews with women engineers in Australia revealed individual, relational and structural influences acting concurrently and interactively that determine, facilitate and constrain their transitions to manager and leader. Building knowledge and skill occurred through combinations of on-the-job learning, and professional development, including formal education. These approaches provided valuable individual and relational resources for women, enabling them to navigate structural obstacles. However, formal education beyond the undergraduate degree was not the primary approach taken by women engineers to support career advancement. Implications for engineering education are discussed.

Science videos on YouTube attract millions of viewers each month, but little is known about who the content producers are, how they work and what their motivations and qualifications are. Here, we analyze the characteristics of 622 French YouTube science channels and 70,795 science videos in French, and complement this analysis with a survey of 180 of these youtubers. We focus on three questions: who are the science communicators (sociodemographics, resources, and goals), what are the characteristics of their channels, and are there differences between institutional and non-institutional communicators. We show that French science communicators on YouTube are mostly young men, highly qualified and usually talking about their topic of expertize. Many of them do not earn enough money to make a living out of this activity and have to use personal money to run their channels. At the same time, many are not interested in making this activity their main source of income. Their main goal is to share science and stimulate curiosity, as opposed to teach and entertain. While a small number of channels account for most of the views and subscribers, together they are able to cover a lot of scientific disciplines, with individuals usually focusing on a couple of fields and institutions talking about more diverse subjects. Institutions seem to have less success on YouTube than individuals, a result visible both in the number of subscribers and engagement received in videos (likes and comments). We discuss the potential factors behind this discrepancy, such as the lack of personality of institutional channels, the high number of topics they cover or the fact that institutions usually have an additional goal compared to individuals: to present and promote the institution itself. A video version of this article has been recorded and made available here: https://stephanedebove.net/youtube

The intense and dichotomous relationship between Orientalism and Classicism that has been created over the last decades of the XX century, reaches new dimensions through the rapid scientific growth, the discoveries of new historical sources and artefacts, and, most importantly, through the paradigms change in many scientific disciplines. This development is also influenced by the rapid and multifaceted societal transformations in the intensively globalizing world of the new millennium. In this context, the paper explores the new understandings of these two important conceptions in the research of the past, and their redefined scope and relation in the light of the globalisation theories and through the paradigm of the ancient globalisation.

Conferences are a mainstay of most scientific disciplines, where scientists of all career stages come together to share cutting-edge ideas and approaches. If you do research, chances are you will attend one or more of these meetings in your career. Conferences are a microcosm of their discipline, and while conferences offer different perspectives in different disciplines, they all offer experiences that range from a casual chat waiting in line for coffee to watching someone present their groundbreaking, hot-off-the-press research. The authors of this piece have attended our fair share of conferences and have collectively mentored hundreds of students in understanding the "unwritten rules" and pro-tips of conference attendance. As you head to your first scientific conference, these rules will help you navigate the conference environment and make the most of your experience. We have also developed a web portal which contains far more information about these rules, tables of professional societies and conferences in different disciplines, and other resources that may come in handy for first-time conference attendees and their mentors. We encourage any reader to use, adapt, and contribute to these materials.

In 2000, a controversial article about hormones and gender roles was published to stimulate debate about whether and how biological knowledge should be integrated in sociological research. Two decades later, this so-called biosociology debate is more relevant than ever, as biological knowledge has become widespread across societies and scientific disciplines. Hence, we as sociologists are regularly confronted with biological explanations that challenge our own explanations. Whether this happens in the scientific arena, the classroom, media, or even at social events, these situations often force us, individually, to take a stance on whether to meet such explanations with dialogue or opposition. One could therefore expect that sociologists have an interest in discussing these issues with their peers, but their lack of participation in the biosociology debate suggests otherwise. This paper explores possible reasons for this absence and how sociologists’ views on biosociology are influenced by key agents – sociological associations and journals. Smith’s “A Sacred project of American Sociology”, and Scott’s “A Sociology of Nothing” served as theoretical tools in the paper. A qualitative content analysis of presidential addresses of four sociological associations was conducted. The analyses suggest that sociologist avoid biosociology for widely different reasons, including fear that biosociology legitimizes oppression. This avoidance is probably reinforced by the leftish politization of the sociological discipline and the rightish politization of society. Overcoming obstacles to engagement in biosociology is required to safeguard the scientific integrity of sociology and enable sociologists to provide relevant contributions to research on the Covid-19 pandemic and climate change.

Contemporary societies massively apply geosciences know-how in business, public undertakings, and cultural activities; cumulated it results in engineering local, regional, and global change. Therefore, scholars in ‘people-sciences’ and ‘geosciences’ (or Earth sciences) should cooperate to understand the societal contexts of the geosciences for the benefit of society, in general, and their scientific disciplines. However, currently, both research communities do not interact much. Attempting to address that caveat, essays about various philosophical, applied or political subjects were gathered. They outline an interdisciplinary enquiry into a nascent field of studies that operate in geosciences under the label ‘geoethics’. This chapter introduces the subject of the book, the authors from diverse backgrounds and their narratives of insights and reflections stemming from their fields of study when considering world, nature, geosciences and geoethics.

Sociology’s tendency to branch into applied scientific disciplines is regularly debated. This debate focuses either on the organisation of sociology in academic institutions or on how the content of sociologically informed interdisciplinary research diverges from disciplinary sociology. This article bridges these debates in a study of the sociology of food in Sweden. The aim is to analyse how Swedish food sociology reflects the tension between disciplinary sociology and interdisciplinary research. The data comprise the doctoral dissertations and post-PhD career paths of Swedish sociologists whose dissertations are about food. The article finds that these dissertations treat food either as an inherently social phenomenon or as a social lens (i.e. a social phenomenon viewed as instrumental for analysing something else). Second, it is found that sociologists whose dissertations treated food as an inherently social phenomenon were more likely to pursue careers in food sociology but also to hold affiliations outside of sociology departments. The article concludes that the academic locus of Swedish food sociology is organised outside sociology departments but that its approaches are not necessarily any less sociological. Thus, the analysis questions the basis for arguments that interdisciplinary research represents a threat to the critical and analytical core of sociology.

Creating a website to promote one's scientific work has become commonplace in many scientific disciplines. A plethora of options exist for framework to generate your website content, hosting it, and registering a domain name. The goal of this document is to provide early career scientists (1) an overview of the current options for creating a website to promote their professional persona, and (2) general advice concerning website written content and one's web presence. To get a sense of how other scientists created their websites, I created a survey asking colleagues about the services they used to create their websites and advice they have for someone creating a website. I received 54 responses from 53 astronomers and one computer scientist of which 23 were in an academic position beyond postdoc (faculty, scientist, etc.), 1 was an individual research fellow, 4 were in their third postdoc, 4 were in their second postdoc, 16 were in their first postdoc, and 6 were graduate students. I report the results of this survey here., Published in Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 8 pages and 5 figures

Pedagogía y Filosofía son dos disciplinas con autonomía funcional y ambas forman parte de la carrera de Pedagogía. Para poder distinguir y valorar ambas disciplinas, hay que entender cada una de ellas.Algo hacemos mal, cuando en nuestros centros universitarios damos la impresión de que los intereses de grupo o escuela se ponen por encima de los desarrollos epistemológicos de la Pedagogía con las argucias político-administrativas que se puedan generar. En esta disertación voy a argumentar sobre estas cuestiones desde cuatro tesis: • Las asignaturas de planes de estudios pueden mezclar contenido de distintas disciplinas sustantivas por razones pragmáticas, pero las razones pragmáticas no deben confundirse con razones epistemológicas, ni estas ser conculcadas por aquellas• La pluralidad de investigaciones teóricas del campo de la educación es un hecho en la construcción del conocimiento de la educación y en la Pedagogía como carrera: pedagogía y filosofía de la educación son distintas. Hay mentalidad pedagógica y hay mentalidad filosófica • Las disciplinas científicas y las disciplinas académicas sustantivas pueden generar disciplinas aplicadas. Hay pedagogía aplicada y hay filosofía de la educación que es filosofía aplicada.• La filosofía de la educación es necesaria, pero no es suficiente en la carrera de pedagogía y el saber que aporta la filosofía de la educación no es el saber que aporta la pedagogía como diciplina. Si esto es así, se puede concluir que la Filosofía no es la Pedagogía y que la filosofía de la educación no es la filosofía (aquella es una disciplina aplicada de esta), aunque tiene su lugar propio en la carrera de Pedagogía al lado de la Pedagogía como disciplina y al lado de otras disciplinas que también forman parte de la carrera de Pedagogía.

Jalaluddin Rakhmat, known as Kang Jalal, is a brilliant Muslim intellectual and intellectual, has sharp reasoning and can speak across disciplines, not only in communication, but also in various other disciplines such as political science, philosophy and Islamic sciences in detail and in depth. The ideas and thoughts put forward by Jalal on various occasions have become the attention and study material of various groups, including Muslim scholars, bureaucrats, politicians and intellectuals themselves. Jalal's ability to adopt various scientific disciplines has received recognition from other Muslim scholars and intellectuals, including the younger generation who want to broaden their horizons in various fields of human life, especially in the field of Islamic science. Jalal is considered as an ideal Muslim intellectual figure, with many ideas, forward thinking and his ideas become valuable discourses and contributions in solving problems and fostering a society that is developing widely.Keywords: Jalaluddin Rakhmat, Sufistik.

Words are the building blocks of science. As our understanding of the world progresses, scientific disciplines naturally enrich their specialized vocabulary (jargon). However, in the era of interdisciplinarity, the use of jargon may hinder effective communication amongst scientists that do not share a common linguistic background. The question of how jargon limits the transmission of scientific knowledge has long been debated, but rarely addressed quantitatively. We explored the relationship between the use of jargon and citations using 21,486 articles focusing on cave research, a multidisciplinary field particularly prone to terminological specialization and where linguistic disagreement among peers is frequent. We demonstrate that the use of jargon in the title and abstract significantly reduces the number of citations a paper receives. Given that these elements are the hook to readers, we urge scientists to restrict jargon to sections of the paper where its use is unavoidable.

espanolLa diversidad de disciplinas que engloba la robotica en el ambito universitario conlleva un esfuerzo particular para profesores y alumnos. Esto puede provocar deficiencias en la adquisicion de los fundamentos y una desvinculacion entre parte teorica y practica. Se busca la implicacion del alumno en el desarrollo de una aplicacion practica donde los fundamentos sean una herramienta necesaria. En este trabajo se introduce la metodologia basada en retos asociada a la Robotica universitaria, analizando el impacto sobre los resultados, asi como la aceptacion y la percepcion recibida por los estudiantes. Los resultados del estudio nos muestra una mejora en la implicacion profunda del alumnado, tanto en los conceptos teoricos, como en su aplicacion practica, asi como una mayor motivacion para enfocar la asignatura y mantener la asistencia hasta el final. EnglishGiven the diversity of scientific disciplines that encompasses robotics of university degree, its teaching entails a particular effort for teachers and students. This can cause deficiencies in the acquisition of the fundamentals that can lead to a disassociation between theory and practice. The involvement of the student in the development of a practical application where the fundamentals are a necessary tool allows being a motivating instrument. For this purpose, in this paper is introduced the methodology based on challenges, analysing the impact on the results as well as the acceptance and perception received by the students. The results of the study show an improvement in the deep involvement of students, both in theoretical concepts, as in their practical application, as well as greater motivation to focus the subject and keep attendance until the end.

Resumen Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna fue un prolífico escritor y colaborador de la prensa chilena durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, y dentro de este quehacer dedicó varias páginas a asuntos científicos. Este trabajo analiza sus textos dedicados al saber astronómico, los que no han sido estudiados de manera específica anteriormente. La hipótesis busca demostrar que el propósito principal de Vicuña Mackenna al pronunciarse sobre astronomía en la prensa fue defender la popularización de esta ciencia, así como de otras disciplinas científicas. La perspectiva del análisis considera las propuestas de James Secord y Agustí Nieto-Galan, quienes afirman que la ciencia no sólo debe concebirse como una práctica en la que participan instituciones formales, sino también diversos grupos que componen la sociedad, siendo relevantes los "públicos" de la ciencia en cuanto agentes activos de generación de conocimiento. Abstract Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna was a prolific writer and collaborator of the Chilean press during the second half of the 19th century, and within this task he devoted several pages to scientific issues. This paper analyzes his texts dedicated to astronomical knowledge, many of them which had not been specifically studied before. The hypothesis seeks to demonstrate that Vicuña Mackenna's main purpose, when talking about astronomy in the press, was to defend the popularization of this science, as well as other scientific disciplines. The perspective of this analysis considers the works of James Secord and Agusti Nieto-Galan, who affirm that science should not only be conceived as a practice in which formal institutions participate, but also diverse groups that make up society, the "publics" of science being relevant as active agents in the generation of knowledge. Resumo Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna foi um prolífico escritor e colaborador da imprensa chilena durante a segunda metade do século XIX e, nessa tarefa, dedicou várias páginas a assuntos científicos. Este artigo analisa seus textos dedicados ao conhecimento astronômico que não foram estudados especificamente antes. A hipótese busca demonstrar que o principal objetivo de Vicuña Mackenna em pronunciar-se sobre a astronomia na imprensa era defender a popularização dessa ciência, bem como de outras disciplinas científicas. A perspectiva da análise considera as propostas de James Secord e Agustí Nieto-Galan, que afirmam que a ciência não deve ser concebida apenas como uma prática da qual participam instituições formais, mas também diversos grupos que compõem a sociedade, sendo relevante o "público" da ciência como agentes ativos da geração de conhecimento.

The topic of this scientific work is social masses and the mass society. The subject of research will be reduced to the definition of the notions of "social mass" and "mass society" and finding similarities and differences between them. The author starts from the initial assumption that social masses and mass societies are two similar, but also quite different notions. The following methods were used in the paper: observation, content analysis, developmental method, structural approach, comparative method, analytical approach etc. The scientific justification of the research derives from the establishment of similarities and differences between these two notions, which makes a significant contribution to the construction of the Sociology of the Masses as one of the scientific disciplines of Sociology. The social reach of the research is founded on questioning social masses and the power of the impact of the mass society on contemporary social trends.

Significant progress, discoveries, and major breakthroughs, in chemistry, biology, geology, sociology, psychology, economics, molecular biology, medicine, and other scientific disciplines, all came after Newton; after physics was discovered; after the scientific method was adopted; after mathematics was endowed a central role in science by Kepler, Galileo, and Newton; and after Descartes emphasized the mechanical and causality aspects of nature. It is certainly reasonable to state that the decisive success of physics in the 17th century gave inspiration and confidence to later pioneers in the sciences; the chemists, the biologists, the geologists, the psychologist, the economists, and the others, that they should indeed investigate and theorize, that there was surely something essential out there to be discovered, and that the hidden secrets of nature can be uncovered, just as it occurred in physics. It is in that sense that the work of Kepler, Galileo, and Newton, as well as Copernicus, Tycho Brahe, and Descartes, consequently and practically directly, promoted, inspired, and led to the progress of scientific discovery in general, well beyond physics.

Teaching, researching, knowledge transfer and innovation are important drivers of the development of any Country, provided by higher education in humanities, e.g. social and political sciences or clinical medicine, as well as in science and technology. In Europe these items correspond to the heart of a strategy, which aims to enforce a more inclusive, cohesive and competitive continent. Sometimes, science teaching fails because educational programs do not satisfactorily meet social needs, or research does not achieve innovation targets since it is not enough social-impacting. Scientific reductionism favours the individual point of view rather than shared perspectives, which integrate different disciplines and better answer to real problems. Many researchers, highly specialized in their knowledge fields, often transfer clear scientific concepts but unrelated to life or social and ethical values. Moreover, teaching today uses increasingly advanced tools to improve active learning, placing great trust in technology and forgetting the basics of good communication, which lies in the skills of communicator, his authenticity, his sincere interest in the listener’s growth. Following teaching experiences gained with a scientific communication course realised in the last two years at the Polytechnic and Basic Sciences School (Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy), we propose a distinction between science popularization and science communication, which establishes interesting guidelines for dealing with the complex interaction between higher education and society's needs. We have recovered the basic of communication skills, highlighting the importance of the sender-receiver relationship and strengthening the idea that effective communication occurs when receiver and sender simultaneously grow: the former improves his knowledge and his ability to choose, and the second one changes himself as an effect of the receiver’s reaction. Achieving effective communication in education is primarily a matter of taking care of the interpersonal relationship. Finally, we demonstrate that there is not only one way to communicate, but there are many approaches, depending on the peculiar relationship between sender and receiver.

In an ideal world, there are equal opportunities for women to enter and progress in all scientific disciplines without bias or prejudice. Here, we share our experiences in building communities of women parasitology and offer easy-to-implement guidelines for scientists and institutions to overcome unconscious bias and create environments with better gender equality and diversity.

In an age of rapid social change and uncertain development, the concept of resilience is particularly popular across different disciplines. Thus, the present book contains a ‘colourful mixture’ of contributions that examine the topic of resilience from the background of fundamentally different schools of thought and scientific disciplines. Usually resilience is presented as a concept that attempts to reduce the vulnerabilities of modern societies.

The evolution of science is made possible when experimental results are compared with expectations from theory and are consistent. In this context, experimental physics, as applied science, plays a vital role for the progress of science in society. The experimental physics is a discipline where physics scholars have an intensive laboratory experience that concentrates on experiments for substantiating and/or challenging established and/or new theories in physics. No studies to date allows us to explain the endogenous processes that support the evolution of scientific disciplines and emergence of new scientific fields in applied sciences of physics. In fact, one of the fundamental questions in science is how scientific disciplines evolve and sustain progress in society. This study confronts this question here by investigating the evolution of experimental physics to explain and generalize, whenever possible, some characteristics of the dynamics of applied sciences. Empirical analysis suggests a number of properties about the evolution of experimental physics and in general of applied sciences, such as: a)scientific fission, the evolution of scientific disciplines generates a process of division into two or more research fields that evolve as autonomous entities over time; b)ambidextrous drivers of science, the evolution of science via scientific fission is due to scientific discoveries or new technologies; c)new driving research fields, the drivers of scientific disciplines are new research fields rather than old ones (e.g., three scientific fields with a high scientific production in experimental physics are emerged after 1950s); d)science driven by development of general purpose technologies, the evolution of experimental physics and applied sciences is due to the convergence of experimental and theoretical branches of physics associated with the development of computer, information systems and applied computational science (e.g., computer simulation). Results also reveal that average duration of the up wave of scientific production in scientific fields supporting experimental physics is about 80 years. Overall, then, this study begins the process of clarifying and generalizing, as far as possible, some characteristics of the evolutionary dynamics of scientific disciplines that can lay a foundation for the development of comprehensive properties explaining the evolution of science as a whole for supporting fruitful research policy implications directed to advancement of science and technological progress in society.Keywords. Research Fields; Scientific Disciplines; Scientific Fields; Evolution of Science; Dynamics of Science; Applied Sciences; Basic Sciences; Experimental Physics; Scientific Fission; Scientific Development; Scientific Paradigm; Branching in Science; Sociology of Knowledge; Scientific Knowledge; Philosophy of Science.JEL. A19; C00; I23; L30.

It is quite common sense in the scientific community working on resilience that the asset of the term ‘resilience’ lies in its multidisciplinarity as well as in the difficulties to define it so that it at least provokes dialogue and communication between scientific disciplines. In contrast to some ‘official’ definitions of ‘resilience’, there does not exist – as far as the author can see – an official or generally accepted definition of the term ‘resilience management’ in the current scientific literature. But for some years the term has been used ever more often both by Anglophone and German-speaking expert groups (Wink 2016a; Kluge 2004; Gunther et al. 2009; Gunther 2009).