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V diplomski nalogi raziskujem, s kakšnimi izzivi se srečujejo osebe z atopijskim dermatitisom in kašne oblike pomoči si želijo. Atopijski dermatitis je kronična dolgotrajna bolezen in ob pregledu literature je razvidno, da so stiske ljudi lahko velike. V teoretičnem delu predstavim razmišljanje o zdravju in bolezni čez čas in opišem značilnosti atopijskega dermatitisa. Osrednji del predstavlja razmišljanje o izzivih, s katerimi se srečujejo. Razdelim jih na psihosocialne izzive, finančne izzive in Sindrom rdeče kože. Nadaljujem z naborom oblik pomoči, ki že obstajajo v slovenskem prostoru in teoretični del zaključim z razmišljanjem o vlogi socialnega dela v zdravstveni dejavnosti. V empiričnem delu predstavim rezultate raziskave, ki sem jih dobila z analizo intervjujev, opravljenih s šestimi osebami, ki imajo atopijski dermatitis in je viden. Rezultati raziskave razkrivajo, da so se sogovorniki srečevali z izzivi na področju duševnega zdravja, socialnega življenja, financ, zdravljenja in vsakodnevnega življenja. Na področju duševnega zdravja jim je izziv predstavljalo grajenje boljše samopodobe in uspešno spoprijemanje z neprijetnimi občutki, depresijo in samomorilnimi mislimi. Na področju socialnega življenja jim je izziv predstavljalo vključevanje v družbo in spoprijemanje s stigmatizacijo. Ostali izzivi pa so bili še, kako najti primerne oblike zdravljenja, se soočati z dodatnimi stroški in se učiti živeti čim bolj normalno življenje. Kot najtežje obdobje jih je nekaj opisalo čas odvajanja od kortikosteroidnih krem, ki so ga poimenovali Sindrom rdeče kože. Večina vprašanih ni bilo zadovoljno z obiskom pri zdravniku in dermatologu, odnos so opisali kot neoseben, pregled pa rutinski. K boljšemu počutju so vprašanim pomagale različne stvari. Opisala sem jih kot varovalni dejavniki. Na individualni ravni je bilo to grajenje boljše samopodobe, podporna vedenja in spretnosti reševanja problemov in iskanja virov. Na odnosni ravni so omenili, da jim je bila najbolj v pomoč podpora in spodbuda bližnjih, podporne mreže in pogovor. Omenjeni zaščitni dejavniki na skupinski ravni so bili participacija v različnih podpornih skupinah in na družbeni ravni normaliziranje bolezni in informiranje ter ozaveščanje širše javnosti. In my graduation thesis I research what challenges people with atopic dermatitis face and what forms of help they want. Atopic dermatitis is a chronic long-term disease. A review of the literature shows that people's distress can be great. In the theoretical part, I present thoughts about health and disease over time and describe the characteristics of atopic dermatitis. The central part is devoted to thinking about the challenges people with atopic dermatitis are facing. I divide them into Psychosocial Challenges, Financial Challenges, and Red Skin Syndrome. I continue with a set of forms of help that are already being considered in Slovenia and conclude the theoretical part with the role of social work in health activities. In the empirical part, I present the results of the research I obtained by analyzing interviews conducted with six people who have visible atopic dermatitis. The results of the research revealed that the interlocutors faced challenges in the field of mental health, social life, finances, treatment, and daily life. In the field of mental health, the challenge is to build a better self-image and successfully cope with unpleasant feelings, depression, and suicidal thoughts. In the field of social life, their challenge is to integrate into society and deal with stigma. Other challenges, however, are how to find appropriate forms of treatment, face additional costs, and learn to live as normal a life as possible. In the most difficult period, some described the time of discharge of corticosteroid creams, which they called Red Skin Syndrome. Most respondents were dissatisfied with their visits to the doctor and dermatologist, the relationship was described as impersonal and the examination routine. Various things helped the respondents to feel better. I describe them as protective factors. At the individual level, this means building a better self-image, supportive problem-solving, and resource-seeking skills. At the relational level, they mention that the best help for them is the support and encouragement of loved ones, support networks, and conversation. The mentioned factors at the group level are participation in various support groups, and at the social level normalization of diseases and informing and raising awareness of the general public.

Predsodki in stereotipi so bili že od nekdaj prisotni v vseh družbah, v zadnjih letih pa so se okrepili in se kažejo predvsem v prikritih oblikah in diskriminacijah, ki jih ni mogoče prepoznati takoj. Oseba je lahko diskriminirana že na podlagi najmanjše značilnosti, ki bi lahko bila drugačna od večinske družbe, zato je v družbi mogoče zaslediti široko paleto diskriminiranih posameznikov, s katerimi se vsakodnevno srečujejo tudi socialni delavci. Predsodki in stereotipi so močno družbeno zakoreninjeni, prenašati in snovati pa se začnejo že znotraj družine, kar kaže na to, da so navadno globoko zakoreninjeni v prepričanjih posameznih oseb, tudi socialnih delavcev. Ravno zaradi tega, ker je socialno delo pomagajoč poklic, ki ima posluh za vse ranljive, raznolike in pomoči potrebne posameznike, je pomembno, kakšne vrednote in prepričanja imajo socialni delavci in tudi študenti socialnega dela. Zato sem v svoji diplomski nalogi ugotavljala, ali imajo študenti Fakultete za socialno delo predsodke in stereotipe in do katerih marginaliziranih skupin se ti predsodki in stereotipi kažejo. Kvantitativna raziskava je bila izvedena na neslučajnostnem vzorcu 103 študentov Fakultete za socialno delo dodiplomskega študija. V njej je sodelovalo 94 (91 %) oseb ženskega spola in 8 (8 %) oseb moškega spola. Ena (1 %) oseba pa se je opredelila kot nebinarna. Podatki so bili pridobljeni s pomočjo spletne ankete. Med vsemi sodelujočimi študenti je 49 (47,57 %) študentov takih, ki so predsodke in stereotipe do marginaliziranih skupin izkazali na mnenju, 73 (70,87 %) študentov pa je predsodke in stereotipe izkazalo na aktivnostih. Največ predsodkov in stereotipov so študenti izkazali do Romov in odvisnikov, sledijo brezdomci in muslimani. Prav tako je raziskava pokazala, da je več predsodkov in stereotipov prisotnih med nižjimi letniki v primerjavi z višjimi letniki. Prav tako pa so študenti po večini imeli srednje pogoste stike s pripadniki marginaliziranih skupin. V raziskavi se je na podlagi podatkov pokazala povezava med pogostostjo stikov študentov z marginaliziranimi skupinami in pripravljenostjo študentov na sodelovanje v socialno-delovnem odnosu z njimi. Več stikov, kot so študenti imeli z marginaliziranimi skupinami, bolj so pripravljeni sodelovati z njimi. Na zmanjševanje predsodkov in stereotipov pa je študentom najbolj pripomogla študijska praksa. V prihodnje se mi zdi smiselno znotraj izobraževanja za socialno delo več poudarka nameniti naslavljanju predsodkov in stereotipov do posameznih marginaliziranih skupin in raznovrstnih tem, kot so etničnost, rasa, kultura, rasizem, pravičnost ter diskriminacija. Potrebne bi bile tudi delavnice, na katerih bi študenti lahko ozavestili svoje predsodke in stereotipe, poleg tega pa bi bilo izrednega pomena, da se v neposrednih stikih soočijo s pripadniki različnih marginaliziranih skupin. Prejudices and stereotypes have always been present in all societies but in recent years they have intensified and are manifested mainly in covert forms and discrimination that cannot be identified immediately. A person can be discriminated against on the basis of the slightest characteristic, which could be different from the majority of society, so a wide range of discriminated individuals can be found in society, with whom social workers also encounter on a daily basis. Prejudices and stereotypes are strongly socially rooted and begin to be transmitted and formed within the family, which indicates that they are usually deeply rooted in the beliefs of individuals, including social workers. Precisely because social work is a helping profession that listens to all vulnerable, diverse, and needy individuals, it is important what values and beliefs social workers and also social work students have. Therefore, in my diploma thesis, I found out whether the students of the Faculty of Social Work have prejudices and stereotypes and to which marginalized groups these prejudices and stereotypes are manifested. Quantitative research was conducted on a non-random sample of 103 undergraduate students of the Faculty of Social Work. It was attended by 94 (91 %) females and 8 (8 %) males. One (1 %) person identified himself as non-binary. Data were obtained through an online survey. Among all participating students, 49 (47,5 %) students expressed their prejudices and stereotypes towards marginalized groups, and 73 (70,87 %) students expressed their prejudices and stereotypes in activities. The students showed the most prejudices and stereotypes towards Roma and addicts, followed by the homeless and Muslims. Research has also shown that more prejudices and stereotypes are present among younger students compared to older students. Also, students mostly had moderately frequent contact with members of marginalized groups. Based on the data, the research also showed a connection between the frequency of students' contact with marginalized groups and their willingness to participate in social and work relationships with them. The more contacts students have had with marginalized groups, the more willing they are to work with them. However, the study practice helped students the most to reduce prejudices and stereotypes. In the future, I think it makes sense to focus more on addressing prejudices and stereotypes towards individual marginalized groups and addressing diverse topics such as ethnicity, race, culture, racism, justice, and discrimination. Workshops would also be needed to make students aware of their prejudices and stereotypes, and it would be extremely important for them to face members of different marginalized groups in direct contact.

Za raziskavo sem se odločila, ker sem na podlagi praktičnih izkušenj ugotovila, da je področje slišanja glasov in drugih nenavadnih doživetij premalo raziskano. Problem vidim v metodah in pristopih, ki niso prilagojeni ljudem, ki slišijo glasove oziroma imajo druga nenavadna doživetja. Poleg tega je cilj pomoči in podpore, ki ju trenutno ponujajo zdravstvene in socialne službe, otopitev nenavadnih doživetij, namesto spoznavanje in učenje nadzora nad njimi. V diplomskem delu me je zanimalo, ali socialno delo v praksi zanika perspektivo nenavadnih doživetij ali jih vključuje, in če jih, na kakšen način. Torej, kako in v kolikšni meri socialne delavke pri svojem vsakdanjem delu s socialnodelavskimi metodami upoštevajo, ali uporabniki doživljajo nenavadna doživetja, če uporabniki to sploh povejo socialnim delavkam, na kakšen način vključijo izkušnje nenavadnih doživetij v proces podpore in pomoči. Poleg tega sem povzela tri metode socialnega dela: osebni načrt, eko-zemljevid v okviru raziskovanja življenjskega sveta uporabnika ter načrt zmanjševanja škode in analize tveganja, ki sem jih prilagodila na način, da bodo uporabne za osebe, ki slišijo glasove ali imajo druga nenavadna doživetja. Metode sem prilagodila tudi s pomočjo mastriškega intervjuja, ki je namenjen izključno osebam, ki slišijo glasove. Z njegovo pomočjo spoznavamo glasove in nenavadna doživetja, vzpostavljamo povezavo med osebo, ki ima izkušnjo nenavadnih doživetij, in samim nenavadnim doživetjem, ter vzpostavljamo nadzor nad nenavadnim doživetjem. Z akcijskim raziskovanjem sem opravila kvalitativno raziskavo. Empirični del raziskave se deli na dva dela. Prvi del se osredotoča, na kakšen način v praksi socialne delavke upoštevajo uporabnikove nenavadne izkušnje. Izvedla sem tri intervjuje z delavkami vladnih in nevladnih organizacij. Drugi del se osredotoča na prilagojene metode, ki sem jih uporabila na vzorcu treh oseb, ki slišijo glasove ali imajo druga nenavadna doživetja. Za metodo zbiranja podatkov sem uporabila nestandardiziran intervju, za merski instrument pa delno strukturiran vprašalnik z okvirnimi vprašanji. K stroki socialnega dela bi raziskava prispevala z ugotavljanjem prednosti in pomanjkljivosti obstoječih vrst pomoči z vidika uporabnika, z izpolnjevanjem obstoječih in razvijanjem novih vrst pomoči pri uporabnikih, ki slišijo glasove in imajo druga nenavadna doživetja. Namen je ugotoviti, ponuditi oziroma izpopolniti delo, da bi bilo bolj prilagojeno osebam, ki slišijo glasove in imajo druga nenavadna doživetja. I decided to do the research about hearing voices and uncommon sensory experiences because through practical experiences, I have noticed that the field of hearing voices and other unusual experiences is under-researched. The problem I could see is in superficial work and unadjusted methods used for work with people who hear voices or have other uncommon experiences. Furthermore, treatment, help and support that are offered by medical and social service are working in the direction of numbing uncommon experiences instead of acknowledging and learning how to control those experiences. In graduation thesis, I was interested in whether social work in practice displaces the perspective of unusual experiences or includes them, and if so, in what way how and to what extent social workers are considered of unusual experiences in their daily work, if users tell the social worker at all, and how they include unusual experiences in the support and assistance process. In addition, I summarized three methods of social work: a personal plan, eko-map as part of research of living space of person and a harm reduction plan and risk analysis, which I adapted for the use with people who hear voices or have other unusual experiences. I also adapted the methods with the help of the maastricht interview, which is intended exclusively for people who hear voices, and aims getting to know voices and unusual experiences, and establish control over an unusual experience. I contucted a qualitive survey with action research. The empirical part of the research is divided into two parts. The first part focuses on social workers consideration of users's unsual experiences in practice. I carried out three interviews with employees of governmental and non-governmental organizations. The second part focuses on the adapted methods I used to a sample of three people who hear voices or have other unusual experiences. I have used a non-standardized interview for the data collection method and a partially structured questionnaire with framework questions for the measurement instrument. The study would contribute to the social work profession by identifying the advantages and disadvantages of existing types of methods from a users's perspective, completing existing ones, and developing new types of methods for users who hear voices and have other unusual experiences. The purpose is to identify, offer or refine work to be more attuned to people who hear voices and have other unusual experiences.

V magistrskem delu je predstavljen položaj oseb z intelektualno oviro, ki so med epidemijo covida-19 bivale v institucionalnem varstvu. S pripovedmi uporabnikov sem zbrala informacije o spremembah v njihovem življenju na različnih področjih. Epidemiološki ukrepi so vplivali na njihovo bivanje, šolanje, zaposlovanje, socialne stike, odnose, duševno zdravje in sodelovanje s strokovnimi delavci. Raziskava izpostavlja ovire in prednosti zaradi epidemije z vidika potreb uporabnikov in socialnih delavcev. Za boljše razumevanje vloge socialnega dela med epidemijo je bila opravljena krajša anketna raziskava med socialnimi delavkami, zaposlenimi v različnih socialnovarstvenih zavodih za osebe z intelektualno oviro po Sloveniji. Na ta način so bili pridobljeni podatki o delovanju socialnovarstvenih institucij med epidemijo in delu socialnih delavk. The master’s thesis presents the situation of persons with intellectual disabilities who lived in institutional care during the time of the COVID-19 epidemic. Through stories of the service users, information was gathered about changes in their lives in various areas. The impact of epidemiologic measures affected their living, schooling, employment, social contacts, relationships, mental health, and cooperation with professional staff. The advantages and obstacles of the epidemic in terms of the needs of users and social workers are also highlighted. In order to better understand the role of social work during the epidemic, a short survey was conducted among social workers employed in various social welfare institutions across Slovenia for people with intellectual disabilities. The data thus obtained presents the operation of social welfare institutions during the epidemic and the work of social workers.

Razkritje istospolne usmerjenosti in spolne identitete LGBTQ+ oseb je eden ključnih dogodkov v njihovem življenju. Z njim se pogosto povezuje občutja strahu pred nesprejetjem, sramu, zmede. Prav tako pa se LGBTQ+ osebe lahko počutijo osamljene, potisnjene na rob in so mnenja, da se to dogaja samo njim. Ravno zato lahko med prvimi občutki homoseksualne spolne identitete in prvimi razkritji mine kar nekaj let. Za veliko oseb se z razkritjem poveča tveganje za izključitev iz določenih aspektov družbe. Tako včasih zaradi razkritja izgubijo stike s svojimi najboljšimi prijatelji, nekateri se preselijo v drug kraj, nekateri pa celo ostanejo brez finančne stabilnosti in brez strehe nad glavo. Ker se razkritje pred starši pogosto zgodi za zaprtimi vrati doma, v udobju zasebnosti, se mnogokrat diskriminacija in nasilje dogajata prav tam, to nasilje pa ostaja zanikano, utišano in nevidno. Razkritje je veliko lažje, če imajo osebe zgrajen podporni sistem, oziroma če so seznanjene z varnimi prostori, kjer so jim na voljo pozitivne informacije o LGBTQ+ vprašanjih, ki se jim porajajo. Ravno zato smo socialni delavci in delavke tukaj pomemben akter za spodbujanje LGBTQ+ pozitivne prakse. V zvezi z LGBTQ+ vprašanji smo se dolžni vedno znova izobraževati, razbijati stereotipe in predsodke ter preprečevati nasilje, razbijati nevidnost LGBTQ+ skupnosti, zagotavljati najnovejše informacije in opozarjati na enakopravnost v lastnih politikah. Prav tako smo dolžni usposabljati in nuditi podporo delavcem in prostovoljcem, s katerimi sodelujemo, ter jim nuditi ustrezno literaturo. Na prvem mestu pa moramo biti spoštljivi in odgovorni zavezniki, ki z uporabniki vedno znova individualno soustvarjamo rešitve. Coming out of the closet is one of the key events in the lives of LGBTQ+ people, which is often associated with feelings of fear of rejection, shame, confusion. Likewise, LGBTQ+ people may feel lonely, pushed to the margins, and may feel that they are alone. For this reason, it may take several years between the first feelings of homosexual identity and first decision to come out of the closet. For many people, coming out increases the risk of exclusion from certain aspects of society. Sometimes as a result of coming out, they may lose contact with their best friends, some LGBTQ+ people may move to another city, and some even remain without financial stability and a roof over their heads. Because coming out to parents often happens behind closed doors, in the comfort of a private home, many times discrimination and violence happen right there, and this violence remains denied, silenced and invisible. Coming out is a lot easier if people have a support system, or if they are familiar with safe spaces, where they can get positive information about LGBTQ+ issues that arise. This is why social workers are important in promoting gay positive practices. With regard to LGBTQ+ issues, we have a duty to keep re-educating ourselves, break stereotypes and prejudices and prevent violence, break the invisibility of the LGBTQ+ community, provide up-to-date information, and promote equality in our own policies. We are also required to train and support the colleagues and volunteers we work with and provide them with relevant literature. But first and foremost, we must be respectful and responsible allies, who always co-create solutions with our clients.

Znanje in spretnosti za ravnanje z ljudmi, ki kažejo samomorilska nagnjenja, s svojci ljudi, ki so storili samomor ali ljudmi z neuspelim poskusom samomora, sta zaradi pogostosti pojava pomembna za prav vsakega posameznika. Še posebej pomembna sta za socialne delavce in delavke, saj je samomorilnost glede na statistične podatke problematičen in pogost pojav v Sloveniji. S samomorilnostjo se srečujejo ljudje, zaposleni v strokah socialnih služb in zdravstva, pri čemer je zelo pomembno, da socialni delavci hitro zaznajo, da gre za delo na področju samomorilnosti, in znajo reagirati, saj je zdravstvo pri tem pogosto prisotno takrat, ko je že skoraj prepozno. V prvem delu diplome se bom osredotočila na pregled teorije o samomoru, opisala bom oblike in različne vrste samomora in njihove skupne značilnosti. Nato se bom dotaknila tudi oblik pomoči in vloge socialnih delavcev in delavk pri delu s samomorilno ogroženimi uporabniki ter kje so na tem področju še vidni primanjkljaji. V drugem delu diplome bom predstavila ugotovitve svoje raziskave, ki govori predvsem o tem, koliko se socialni delavci in delavke zaposleni na petih enotah Centra za socialno delo Celje srečujejo s samomorilno ogroženimi uporabniki in njihovimi svojci, kako v takih primerih reagirajo ter kakšne metode in načine ravnanja pri tem uporabljajo. Predstavila bom tudi, ali so jih obstoječa izobraževanja dovolj opremila za ravnanje na področju samomorilnosti in kaj na tem področju še potrebujejo. Knowledge and skills for treating people who show suicidal tendencies, with relatives of people who have committed suicide or people with an unsuccessful suicide attempt, are because of the frequency of phenomenon, important for every single individual. They are especially important for social workers, since suicide is according to the statistical data, a problematic and frequent phenomenon in Slovenia. People who are employed in social services and health care are faced with suicide on everyday basis, which is why it is very important that they perceive they are dealing with suicide and react as quickly as possible, as health care may start being present when it is almost too late. In the first part of my diploma work, I will concentrate on examining the theory of suicide, describing the forms and various types of suicide and their common characteristics. Then I will focus on the forms of assistance and the role of social workers in dealing with potential suicides and pay attention to where there are still deficiencies in this area. In the second part of the diploma, I will present the findings of my research, which mainly deals with the extent to which social workers employed in five units of the Center for Social Work Celje face potential suicides and their relatives, how they react in such cases, and what methods and way of handling they use. I will also present my view if the existing education has adequately qualified them to deal with suicide and what they still need in this area.