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Introduction. In article on the basis of the detailed analysis approaches to the problem in influence of religious faith on a suicide of subject (persons and group) in theory is reasonably and experimentally well-proven anti-suicidal influence of faith in God on consciousness and behavior of the modern Ukrainian student. Purpose of article is to substantiate the effectiveness of the life-affirming potential of religious faith in combating suicide among students, expanding the system of preventive measures for the emergence of self-destructiveness. Originality of obtained results is that the psychological features of the anti-suicidal influence of religious faith on the consciousness and behavior of students are substantiated, which are: in a viable religious solution to the basic human problem of finiteness of earthly existence, interpretation of life as the highest value and suicide as encroachment on the most valuable; the viability of the religious justification of the meaning of human suffering, the fallacy of the narrowly selfish utilitarian-mercantile way of life; focus on highly spiritual existential meanings. Methods. In the course of solving the set tasks the methods of L. Sobchyk SMDO (standardized method of personality research) were used; method of differential diagnosis of depressive states Zunge (adaptation of T.I. Balashova), questionnaire of B. Luban-Plots (to determine the risk of suicide), questionnaire of N. Pezeshkian (to diagnose people with suicidal tendencies), author's questionnaire to identify the relationship of religious faith with suicidal tendencies among student youth. Conclusion. As a result of in-depth theoretical and empirical analysis of the problem is proved common harmonizing influence of faith is empiric educed in God on the psyche of student young people; the psychological features of anti-suicidal influence of religious faith are reasonable on consciousness and behavior of students that consists: in life-asserting religious decision of basic human problem of extremity of earthly existence, interpretation of life as the greatest value and suicide as encroachment on more valuable in all; life-givingness of religios ground of sense of the human suffering; fallaciousness of selfish, utilitarian-mercantile way of life, orientation on spiritual senses of existence. The problem of psychoprevention of suicidal tendencies should be solved at the level of the whole society. It can be done by means of adopting and adhering to humanistic and religious moral values by citizens, «awakening» humanistic social consciousness. Involving community, clergy, creating strong humanistic foundation of young peoples, educating and upbringing, developing and encouraging their social-charitable initiative, involving in training conferences, seminars, international spiritually oriented projects are sure to facilitate preventing cruelty, spreading destructiveness among young people and attracting them to high moral values, to producing a powerful antisuicidal immunity. It remains relevant to study the deep psychological anti-suicidal mechanisms of faith in God, confession, prayer and other spiritual practices in combating suicide, the establishment of specialized centers in schools, including training, which in case of predicted risk of suicide students will take into account the presence of of her religious faith, to use its life-giving, anti-suicidal potential during the organization of psychoprophylactic and psychocorrectional work.

We evaluated a poverty-reduction program that targeted ultra-poor women in rural Bangladesh to promote economic and social improvement through income-generating activities and strengthening socio-political awareness. We hypothesized that ultra-poor women participating in the program would have lower domestic violence and depressive symptoms and higher subjective well-being, household economic status, and food security than non-participants. A quasi-experimental design with program and comparison arms and assessments at two times (i.e., baseline and end-line) was used. Analysis of covariance with linear multilevel random-intercept models adjusted for available baseline variables was used to estimate program-comparison differences at end-line for economic status, perceived economy, food insecurity, domestic violence, depressive symptoms, and subjective well-being. We also estimated the benefits attributable to the program for subjective well-being, food insecurity, and domestic violence. Women in the program arm had greater subjective well-being with a decrease in negative affect of life by 33.5% and dissatisfaction with life by 42.5%. The women in the program arm encountered 12% or fewer incidences of domestic violence than did the women in the comparison arm. Food insecurity reduced by an average of 14% due to the program. This poverty-reduction program helped in improving women’s access to and control of resources and their social awareness, thus empowering them and promoting economic, social, and psychological well-being. Poverty-reduction programs that acknowledge and address the social complexity of extreme poverty have the potential to effectively reach the ultra-poor who otherwise are often missed by traditional microcredit programs.

The article examines the role of the family in the moral education of preschoolers. This problem is presented in both historical and contemporary contexts. At the same time, the methods used in moral education are explained. The questions of the influence of such methods on the child as interviews, artistic reading and storytelling, games, encouragement and punishment, etc. are considered. The article talks about the views of various Azerbaijani teachers on moral education. It is also emphasized that morality is one of the forms of social consciousness and its importance in human life is very important. Morality is a concept that is always used and accepted by everyone in different ways.

The compounding effects of occupying two or more social identities, such as being “Black” and “female” have been described in intersectionality theory. Intersectionality, a term coined by legal scholar and activist Kimberle Crenshaw, is a framework to consider race and other social identities as overlapping, dynamic, and interdependent identities. Since its inception, intersectionality has made significant in-roads to inform the conceptualization and empirical investigations of race, gender, and other social identities in sociology, critical race theory, anthropology, feminist theory, and other disciplines. However, to date, cost effectiveness research has not systematically examined race intersecting with other social identities in the valuation of medicines using social theory, such as intersectionality. Consequently, cost effectiveness analysis, which is a method to study the value of medicines in diverse populations, has not been subject to sufficient examination through an intersectionality framework. In the US context, the racial injustices experienced and documented within diverse communities highlight that health outcomes cannot be examined in a vacuum; overlapping social identities such as race and class in relation to context have real effects on health behaviors, measured preferences, and economic costs. Failure to examine the effects of overlapping social identities on heterogeneity in benefits and costs can result in inadequate information for decision makers to evaluate the value of treatments. Without consideration of the overlapping social identities in diverse populations, there is a risk that cost effectiveness analysis results will not accurately reflect the value of treatments in socially disadvantaged populations. In this Current Opinion, we provide an outline for conducting socially conscious cost effectiveness analyses, using intersectionality as one example.

Compassion is acknowledged as a key motivational source of prosocial opportunity recognition (OR). This study examines the underlying processes of different types of compassion that lead to prosocial OR interventions designed to solve or ameliorate social problems. Self-compassion is associated with intimate personal experiences of suffering and encompasses a desire to alleviate the distress of others based on common humanity, mental distance and mindfulness. Other-regarding compassion is associated with value structures and social awareness and is based on a desire to help the less fortunate. Using a life-story analyses of 27 Israeli social entrepreneurs, we identified two OR process mechanisms, reflexivity (identifying overlooked social problems) and imprinting (identifying a known social problem within the social context). The relationship between these two types of compassion are equifinal, that is, both can lead to prosocial OR; however, the mechanisms differ. We contribute to the literature by showing that compassion serves as an internal enabler based on both cognitive and affective motivations for prosocial OR. We introduce a theoretical perspective that establishes a process model for further research on the role of compassion in identifying and leading prosocial action.

This article emphasizes the importance of educating our youth to be independent, able to stand up to various spiritual information attacks, to be selfless and patriotic. the priorities of effectiveand reliable protection from ideas and influences are elaborated. And in today's increasingly information-intensive, diverse media sources and media, there is a sharp struggle to capture the minds of young people. In addition, the positive and negative aspects of the impact on the social consciousness of young people through the Internet and the media were analyzed.Key words:World information space, Odnoklassniki, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Startup, multimedia, post-industrial revolution, informatization, globalization

Society is starting to come up with exciting applications for social robots like butlers, coaches, and waiters. However, these robots face a challenging task: to meet people during a first encounter. This survey explores the literature that contributes to this task. We define a taxonomy based on psychology and sociology models: Kendon’s greeting model and Greenspan’s model of social competence. We use Kendon’s model as a framework to compare and analyze works that describe robotic systems that engage with people. To categorize individual skills, we use three components of Social Awareness that belong to Greenspan’s model: Social Sensitivity, Social Insight, and Communication. Under each section, we highlight some research gaps and propose research directions to address them. Through our analysis, we suggest significant research directions for enhanced first encounters. First, social scripts need to be evaluated under equal conditions. Second, interaction management and tracking for first encounters should consider state and observation uncertainties. Third, perception methods need lighter and robust integration in mobile platforms. Fourth, methods to explicitly define social norms are still scarce. Finally, research on social feedback and interaction recovery may fill the gaps of imperfect first encounters.

Intimate partner violence against women is a social problem affecting the rights of women in different countries. The present study aimed to compare the public attitudes toward intimate partner violence against women and their influencing factors in China and Spain. A sample of 506 participants completed questionnaires related to attitudes toward intimate partner violence against women. Chinese participants demonstrated less awareness of the existence and seriousness of the issue, but more proactive attitudes than Spanish participants did. We also found that culture, gender, and age affected these attitudes directly and indirectly through gender equality attitudes. Our findings suggest that promotion of legal reforms can improve social awareness and gender equality attitudes, which in turn changes public attitudes toward intimate partner violence against women, while traditional gender roles and patriarchal society lead to cultural legitimization of the violence, resulting in remained conservative attitudes.

The individuals’ spiritual step is tightly enough with attitude and personality. The better of the spiritual, the better of the habit and personality are. This can be caused by defining the life in which there are running to always orientate on their process and purpose of life, it is achieving a better life. This article used library research from previous studies which explored the changing attitude and social awareness of human on spiritual value. This is aimed to explain the core of the changing human’s attitude with social awareness through the spiritual dimension. Then, to support the explanation, this article is completed with academic debate on the involvement spiritual dimension toward the changing human’s attitude and social awareness. In this article, it will be explained that the changing of human attitude and social awareness that will directly be guided to the better one and always coupled with the spiritualist step through the dimension.

Helping others is a key feature of human behavior. However, recent studies render this feature not uniquely human, and describe discoveries of prosocial behavior in non-human primates, other social mammals, and most recently in some bird species. Nevertheless, the cognitive underpinnings of this prosociality; i.e., whether animals take others’ need for help into account, often remain obscured. In this study, we take a first step in investigating prosociality in azure-winged magpies by presenting them with the opportunity to share highly desired food with their conspecifics i) in a situation in which these conspecifics had no such food, ii) in a situation in which they too had access to that highly desired food, and iii) in an open, base-line, situation where all had equal access to the same food and could move around freely. We find that azure-winged magpies regularly share high-value food items, preferably with, but not restricted to, members of the opposite sex. Most notably, we find that these birds, and specifically the females, seem to differentiate between whether others have food or do not have food, and subsequently cater to that lack. Begging calls by those without food seem to function as cues that elicit the food-sharing, but the response to that begging is condition-dependent. Moreover, analyses on a restricted dataset that excluded those events in which there was begging showed exactly the same patterns, raising the possibility that the azure-winged magpies might truly notice when others have access to fewer resources (even in the absence of vocal cues). This sharing behavior could indicate a high level of social awareness and prosociality that should be further investigated. Further studies are needed to establish the order of intentionality at play in this system, and whether azure-winged magpies might be able to attribute desire states to their conspecifics.

This study aims to determine the relationship between the attachment of parents to the social intelligence of adolescent Miftahunnajah Modern Islamic Boarding School. Social intelligence becomes a very important thing because basically humans cannot live alone. Many activities in an individual's life are related to others. The many social phenomena that occur illustrate the increasingly eroding social intelligence in society. Weakening social sense and empathy also occur among adolescents.The research subject was students of the Modern Miftahunnajah Islamic Boarding School with the criteria of adolescents aged 10-22 years. The number of subjects in this study were 112 students. The sampling technique in this study used a simple random sampling. Data collection uses a scale that has been tested for validity and reliability. The scale of parental attachment in this study was based on three aspects of stickiness, namely trust, communication and alienation, which amounted to 41 items. The scale of social intelligence in this study is based on two aspects of social intelligence, namely social awareness and social facilities totaling 30 items. From the hypothesis test, it is known that the correlation coefficient (pearson correlation) is 0.376 and the significance level is 0.000. The significance level is smaller than 0.05 (p

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the linkage between gratitude and leadership among university teachers. It also tended to examine mediating and moderating effect of social intelligence amidst the relationship between gratitude and leadership. As social intelligence is a multi-dimensional concept, this paper explored mediating and moderating effect of three dimensions of social intelligence, i.e. social awareness, social skills and social information processing. Design/methodology/approach Mediation effect was examined with help of Baron and Kenny’s (1986) technique, Sobel test and bootstrapping estimates. Significance of interaction between independent variable (gratitude) and moderator (social intelligence) was investigated for moderation analysis. Findings The findings reported partial mediating effect of all three dimensions of social intelligence. No significant moderation effect was observed. Originality/value This is one of the pioneer studies that explored interrelationship between gratitude, social intelligence and leadership among Indian University teachers.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the influences of creativity, psychological ownership (PO) and perceived organizational support (POS) on knowledge creation, using the integrative systems model of creativity.Design/methodology/approachA survey was used to collect data from 188 workers in Korean public service organizations. Analyses, including bootstrapping and hierarchical regression analysis, were performed to determine the mediating effect of PO and also the moderating and the moderated mediating effects of POS.FindingsThe results showed that PO mediates partially between creativity and knowledge creation and that POS moderates the relationship between PO and knowledge creation. Notably, the moderated mediating effect of POS was only significant when employees had a high level of POS.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that creativity dissemination requires employees’ social consciousness, collaborative interactions and organizational support. The results imply that human resource development (HRD) practitioners need to cultivate the creativity capacity in the organization.Originality/valueThis study discusses the effects of PO and POS on creative performance, which HRD professionals and organizational leaders draw attention to for organizational development. Implications for organizational composition and interventions to enhance creative performance are provided.

An indicator of satisfaction-dissatisfaction with life plays an important role for a person because it determines and influences the subject’s actions, various activities and behavior. These experiences are a significant factor in the state of social consciousness, group moods, expectations and relationships in society. Satisfaction with life acts as the most important internal factor of a person, who determines both its social activity, relationships with other people and the attitude towards oneself. Life satisfaction has a number of different factors, the most important of which are meaningful life orientations, values and mindset. The constant and complete satisfaction of a person with life, its conditions, the wholeness achieved in it by the disclosure of human possibilities is in the modern sense the ideal of happiness. The relevance of the article allows us to analyze the extent to which certain needs of people are fulfilled, and therefore, how elderly people are satisfied with life, as well as the reasons that affect their sense of psychological well-being and, therefore, the experience of happiness. The purpose of the article is to study the psychological factors of life satisfaction of the elderly and its subjective factors. The object of the study is the satisfaction with the life of the elderly as a psychological phenomenon. The subject of the study is the factors that affect satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the life of the elderly people. An important result of the theoretical and empirical study is the identification of psychological determinants of life satisfaction of the elderly people in the realities of today and the influence of various factors on the level of life satisfaction.

Continuity of the hegemony is largely achieved by the socialization process and construction of the social consciousness in the process.While hegemony provides a window to see the world through the eyes of the ruling class, it also prevents ideas that are harmful to it from spreading, studied and accepted. So it is unrealistic to expect a social consciousness that was constructed in favor of the ruling class to include class consciousness. Foundation of the class consciousness is the feeling of belonging to a class. However the class consciousness is a threatening element to hegemony. So this study was done believing that social consciousness acts for the continuity of the hegemony, based on ''an ordinary person doesn't have a clear 'social class concept' in their mind, which brings belonging feelings and class consciousness, the notion is vague in their minds.'' hypothesis. In a research that was conducted between March-July 2019 by stratified random sampling method, the participants were asked in an open ended way ''Which class do you feel belonging to?''. Instead of a question aiming to make the participants choose between multiple answers of already existing class templates, the open ended question aimed to discover what the participants know about class structures that are used in defining them and how they interpret these classes in their minds. During the study it has been observed that one third of the participants didn't have a meaningful interpretation of the class concept corresponding in their minds thus being unable to answer the question. Nearly half of the participants who answered the question stated they think themselves as ''middle class''. Among the participants who stated they belonged in the ''middle class'', it is remarked that a quarter of them never once bought a book, 31 percent never visited the theatre, 6.7 percent never traveled out of their city and 5 percent never dined in a restaurant in their lives. When evaluating the income level of the participants who thought they belonged in the ''middle class'', it was discovered that 45.3 percent of the participants were of minimum wage to lower or no income for themselves while 51 percent of the participants had an income of minimum wage to 6k liras which showed that over half of the participants who thought themselves belonging in ''middle class'' were on the border of the poverty threshold. When factors like education, income level, social and cultural way of life considered, it was understood that the participants who gave the response ''middle class'' were implying the middle class of their vicinity, not the middle class defined by ranking of 20 percent income groups.

Low social awareness of disability issues maintains discriminatory attitudes in society and does not contribute to improving the position of persons with disabilities. The media play a significant role in this because they produce new or reproduce existing meanings through representation. The media represent different identities and act as a forum for the social construction of reality, they construct and reproduce the social definition of disability. A highly discriminatory society is the main reason for the difficult life of people with disabilities, but objective media coverage of the topic of disability and persons with disabilities can improve this situation. Such reporting would contribute to changing the stereotypical attitudes towards which a person with a disability is viewed as one who needs help and pity, without considering physical and cultural barriers created in society. If living conditions were adapted to people with disabilities to the extent that they were adapted to all other persons, the quality of life of persons with disabilities would be significantly improved. In the research conducted for the purposes of this paper, we came to the conclusion that print media in Serbia do not devote sufficient space to the topic of disability, and generally report stereotypically.

As a natural phenomenon, people with disabilities were not stigmatized from the very beginning. In antiquity, some parts of their body being “different from those of normal persons,” they were considered to have a special ability to communicate with heaven, earth, and the Gods. As a result, people with disabilities were able to hold the position of “wizard,” which had a high status and important influence. However, with the division of labor in the human society, people with disabilities gradually lost the prerogative in labor production due to the limitation of their ability to work, which affected their social status and led to the social discrimination and “stigmatization” toward them gradually. Before this transformation happened, people's envision on people with disabilities, including a variety of images, was indicative of the social consciousness at that time.

Одним из важнейших измерений парадигмы социальной ответственности в общественном сознании является ее философско-лингвистическое измерение. Рассматриваются социально-философские и философско-лингвистические аспекты процесса вытеснения парадигмы социальной ответственности на периферию общественной психологии, идеологии и попытки замещения ее парадигмой социальной безответственности во второй половине 1980-х-1990-е гг. Анализируется «парадокс» сохранения установки социальной ответственности на обыденном уровне общественного сознания, в сфере частной жизни. Освещена отрицательная роль западных и некоторых видных отечественных представителей социально-гуманитарного знания, в том числе лингвистов, ряда элитарных научных коллективов в организации и стимулировании кризиса в сфере социальной ответственности в постсоветской России. Отмечены основные направления их деструктивной деятельности, активного противодействия позитивной созидательной работе в сфере социальной ответственности. Обозначены возможные направления позитивной созидательной работы в данной сфере в философско-лингвистическом аспекте, например, формирование общепризнанного тезауруса., One of the most important dimensions of the paradigm of social responsibility in the public mind is its philosophical-linguistic, philosophical-linguistic dimension. The socio-philosophical and philosophical-linguistic aspects of the process of pushing the paradigm of social responsibility to the periphery of social ideology and attempts to replace it with the paradigm of social irresponsibility in the second half of the 1980s-1990s are considered. The “paradox” of maintaining the installation of social responsibility at the ordinary level of public consciousness, in the sphere of private life, is analyzed. The extremely negative role of Western and some prominent domestic representatives of social and humanitarian knowledge, including linguists, a number of elite research teams in organizing and stimulating the crisis in the field of social responsibility in post-Soviet Russia, is highlighted. The main directions of their destructive activity, active opposition to positive creative work in the field of social responsibility are noted. Possible directions of positive creative work in this area in the philosophical and linguistic aspect are outlined, for example, the formation of a generally recognized thesaurus.

Young people’s contribution to community development and global affairs, such as environmental sustenance, is essential. Participation in these different forms of civic engagement will require the collective efforts of the youth. As societies around the globe continue to grow culturally diverse, young people will need to see beyond prejudice, discrimination, and racism to collaborate with others from different races and cultures for the common good. Within the Positive Youth Development framework, these collaborative and interpersonal competences have been referred to as Character (e.g., valuing cultural and ethnical diversity). Accordingly, youth with enhanced skills in Character are also expected to support anti-racism and collaborate to contribute to their society. In the present chapter, the extent to which youth living in Norway report indicators of Character is investigated and then looked at in relation to their civic engagement (i.e., contribution to local, community, and global affairs). Findings based on a cross-sectional data of 220 Norwegian students (52% males) indicated relatively high scores on Character. In addition, Character as a reflection of four facets, behavioral conduct, social conscience, positive values, and diversity values, was associated with engagement in local (helping friends and neighbors), community (making community a better place), and global (making effort to conserve energy and protect the environment) affairs. When considered as individual facets, the diversity values facet was important for all three forms of civic engagement, while behavioral conduct and social conscience were essential for engagement in global affair. Supportive of earlier research, the current findings suggest that Character does matter, when it comes to youth contribution to civic development. Thus, the findings can potentially inform policy and practice that seek to address prejudice, discrimination, and racism and facilitate collaboration among youth from diverse races, cultures, and origins toward contribution to the common good of society.

The adaptation pressure of youths to a labor market with a low predictability degree determines the necessity of developing certain competences which can be easily transferrable and which can ensure the personal and professional success. We have considered non cognitive abilities (attitudes, emotions, behaviours) which proved to be significant predictors of success and mental health (Heckman, 2008) and which contribute significantly to a rise in emotional strength and to a wide range of adaptative strategies imposed by contemporary society (Opre et al., 2018). The speciality literature confirms the importance of non-cognitive abilities in the students’ / pupils’ academic success (Heckman et al., 2006; Heckman, 2008; Deming, 2015; Balica et al., 2016). The predictability degree of diverse non cognitive abilities over academic success is different as most studies do not supply relevant data about abilities such as self-efficacy, growth mindset or social awareness (Claro & Loeb, 2019), while abilities like self-management defined as the ability to regulate one’s emotions, thoughts, and behaviors in different situations (Duckworth & Carlson, 2013) represents a good predictor of academic achievement (Blair & Raver, 2015; Riggs et al., 2016). We consider self-management as being that umbrella construct which refers to abilities such as self-control, self-regulation, self-discipline, will power and self-power (Duckworth & Kern, 2011). Under the circumstances in which students with major risk abandonment participate in specific activities to develop personal, socio-emotional and learning management abilities, our study proposes to examine the variation of self-management abilities of students who participated in these activities and of students who did not participate in the activities and who are not prone to risk abandonment. Also, we wish to investigate if there is a relation between students’ self-management abilities and student achievement.

"The fundamental cause of the trouble is that in the modern world the stupid are cocksure while the intelligent are full of doubt" (Russell, 1933, p. 28). One seldom hears doubt in the espousing of socio-civic, cultural, or political pronouncements. While the voices seem to always be “cocksure;” we first ask at what level is their objective knowledge and how well do they self-assess that knowledge? We explore how ideological positioning is related to self-assessment and objective knowledge. We conducted a non-comparative (absolute) quantitative study through an email survey of 330 residents of the U.S. over the age of 18 that examined objective socio-civic knowledge and self-assessed ideology and wokeness. The experimental results confirmed misestimations consistent with Dunning-Kruger Effects.

The aim of the study is to examine the effect of gender roles of the employees working in the government academic sector in Haryana on job satisfaction. Gender roles, responsibilities, of the employees, are independent variables and Job satisfaction is a dependent variable in this study. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS, T-Test. The result indicates that Gender has no effect on the job satisfaction of the employees; on the other hand, age has a significant impact on the level of Job satisfaction. Further, the study also reveals that there is a significant difference in the opinion of males and females in terms of social awareness and commitment. The aim of this study was to investigate the working employee’s job satisfaction in government academic sector in Haryana. Organizational commitment, and self-esteem levels, reveals the relationship between the genders, and to examine the relationship between them. The discoveries of the examination would give important data to the executives in understanding the variables that influence work fulfillment. The academicians are the posts in the development of any nation as they put their events into developing the individuals who at last lead to a well-to-do economy, so the current examination depends on work fulfillment among the employees in different foundations. The discoveries of the exploration would give significant data to the directors in understanding the elements that influence work fulfillment.

Purpose Community citizenship behaviors (CCBs) of employees help organizations to promote a socially conscious image. However, there is still a significant gap in the knowledge as to how to foster CCBs amongst employees. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether ethical leadership, as a prosocial leadership approach, fosters CCBs amongst employees, both at work and when they leave the office, through enhancing their prosocial motivation. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 160 employees across 48 small- and medium-sized enterprises in China. Multi-level modeling using maximum likelihood estimation in MPlus was utilized to analyze the two-level model simultaneously and the significance of the multi-level indirect effects was tested using the Monte Carlo method with 20,000 replications. Findings Counter to the expectations, the authors found that although ethical leadership increased employees’ prosocial motivation, this only translated to higher levels of employees’ CCBs at work, but not once they left the office. Practical implications The findings suggest that ethical leaders play a critical role in developing the prosocial motivation of employees and encouraging them to engage in CCBs that are supported by the organization. To that end, organizations should consider hiring leaders with high levels of ethical leadership and provide ethical leadership training to senior management. Originality/value The authors make a theoretical contribution by explaining the process by which ethical leaders influence employees to engage in CCBs, addressing calls to understand how social learning theory can be used to understand how people learn to become socially responsible.

Religious means being affiliated to and connected with a religion and adopting that particular religion. In this respect, anyone who accept the requirements of religion and who is affiliated to a specific religion can be considered as a religious person. However, when we speak of a “religious person” in daily life, what is meant or understood is usually not this, but relatively, a person more devoted to a religion. And, when we speak of the religious status of a person, how much that person internalizes the tenets of the religion s/he is affiliated to and the level of his/her devotion with respect to fulfilling the religious deeds. Mindset plays a determining role in the formation of daily life practices of people, whereas beliefs play a determining role in the formation of the mindset. Upon analyzing the role of religion in the formation of social consciousness, collective moral conscious and social awareness, Emile Durkheim stated that there is no religion which does not involve judgments on the world and humans. In her opinion, religion is the origin of not only philosophy and science, but also all social institutions. As a consequence of such characteristic of religion, it would not be wrong to say that there is a direct or indirect relationship between the beliefs of people and their behavioral practices in their daily lives. Citizenship relations constitute an important part of daily life practices. Daily life practices displayed by people while maintaining their citizenship relations are not independent from their mindsets, therefore, their world of belief and religiousness status. In Turkey, diversification, differentiation and complexification of the democratic decision-making mechanisms in the process of democratization, which took a more concrete form and gained momentum with the Republican period, has made citizenship participation much more important than ever. Today, almost every democratic segment frequently expresses how significant an effective and participatory citizenship is. The concept of “citizenship” is a word that refers to the space and group, both etymologically and conceptually. Expansion of citizenship in terms of space and differentiation of the same in terms of participation has now raised expectations with regards to citizenship qualifications. Such diversification of citizenship relations in the modern world created the concept of “active citizenship”. The relationship between the “active citizenship”, which involves democratic and participatory citizenship, and the “religiousness status” is addressed in this study from the point of knowledge, skills, values and participation aspects of active citizenship and the point of belief, emotions, behaviors and knowledge aspects of religiousness. The general purpose of this study is to research the relationship between the active citizenship qualifications and behaviors of adult individuals and their level of religiousness. In this context, citizenship interests, citizenship participation levels, decision-making processes, information resources, awareness of citizenship rights and responsibilities, citizenship self-sufficiencies, and socio-cultural obstacles before effective citizenship participation have been researched with regards to religiousness status variable. Quantitative data collection method is used in the study. The questionnaire technique within the framework of cross-sectional scanning pattern has been used as a quantitative data collection tool for the research .

How much someone finds a racial microaggression to be acceptable can vary. We focus on the acceptability of racial microaggressions among Asian American college students, in relation to cul...

Authoritarianism becomes respectable in Germany: A risk factor for condoning physical violence toward children? Abstract. Objective: Authoritarianism denotes aggressive behavior toward subordinates, submission to authorities, and conventionalism. Authoritarianism is assumed to be a central factor in the emergence of right-wing extremist ideology. Horkheimer described a close relationship between authoritarianism and the use of physical violence as a disciplinary method. Against the background of the current increase in right-wing extremist ideologies in Germany, which manifests itself in both social and political realms, this study examines the association between authoritarian and right-wing extremist ideology and the affirmation of corporal punishment as a disciplinary method. Method: We performed a cross-sectional study on a representative sample of the German population (N = 2,524). Results: 44.5 % of the participants supported corporal punishment. When respondents reported authoritarian and right-wing extremist attitudes, we discovered an increased affirmation of physical violence as a disciplinary method. Regarding party preference, participants who stated that they preferred the right-wing Alternative for Germany Party (AfD) showed the highest rate of supporting corporal punishment. Conclusions: The results presented indicate that the condoning of corporal punishment is still very widespread in Germany, and that the children of parents with authoritarian and right-wing extremist attitudes comprise a risk group for physical violence. Increased social awareness of these risks is necessary in light of the current increase of right-wing ideologies.

The proposed scientific work represents the main research results concerning the development of a person’s environmental consciousness at adolescence in the context of the studied system of adolescents’ attitudes to the World. Ecological consciousness is considered as a subjective reflection of the personal, social and natural environment, as a single indivisible human World, which manifests itself in ecologically directed (eco-centric) human behaviour. An individual’s attitudes are understood as active, conscious, integral, selective and based on experience relations of the individual with different aspects of reality, which exist in the form of a single system.The World basic elements are revealed through the development of environmental consciousness at the level of the personal, social and natural spheres of a personality and reflect the system of relations, respectively, to oneself, to others and to the nature. Moreover, the World itself is indivisible and united.Environmental consciousness is described as a complex system, having two subsystems: the structural components of ecological consciousness and an individual’s attitudes to the World. The main structural components of environmental consciousness are cognitive, emotive, value-semantic, consumer-motivational and conative. The elements of an adolescent’s single indivisible World are its personal, social and natural spheres. Within the framework of the personal world, environmental consciousness is determined as attitudes towards oneself, social consciousness means attitudes towards others, and natural consciousness means attitudes towards the nature.Adolescents’ personal sphere is determined by their attitudes to Self, to thoughts, emotions, values ​​and needs, formed in their families and internalized into their inner picture of the World. The development of the environmental consciousness components at the level of the personal sphere is based on the development of reflection, critical thinking, as well as a reassessment of values.Adolescents’ social sphere is expressed through a system of relations and interpersonal interactions. The development of the environmental consciousness components at the social level is based on the formation of their sense of maturity and self-affirmation in a group of peers. Adolescents’ natural sphere of the World is determined by the pragmatism of relations to the animate and inanimate nature, and the development of the environmental consciousness components is based on socially significant activities in relation to the nature.The empirical study of adolescents’ attitudes to people, the nature and themselves has revealed the declining hierarchical sequence of adolescents’ attitudes to the World. In particular, the social world — the world of others and interactions with them — is the most significant for adolescents. The least significant for adolescents is the nature. Adolescents’ attitudes to themselves – their personal world – create intermediate link of the significance hierarchy.

In today’s society, nearly all adolescents have access to a smartphone with internet and social media connectivity, and almost half report “almost constant” online use. Studies on smartphon...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the importance of group position and consciousness in predicting people’s perceptions of police fairness in China. Design/methodology/approach This study used survey data collected from 1,095 respondents in Shanghai. Multivariate regression was used to analyze the effects of group positions and group consciousness variables on perceived police fairness, controlling for personal, experiential and neighborhood factors. Findings Regardless of their own hukou status, individuals who live in high migrant areas expressed less favorable attitudes toward police fairness. Meanwhile, people who displayed greater degrees of sensitivity to bias in law rated police fairness less favorably, whereas people who expressed higher levels of moral alignment with the law and belief in no choice but to obey the police rated police fairness more favorably. Lower levels of neighborhood disorder and higher degrees of cohesion were also associated with more positive evaluations of police fairness. Research limitations/implications The authors’ measure of migrant concentration was constructed based on respondents’ own assessments of this neighborhood feature. Future studies should consider using objective measures to supplement the construction of migrant concentration variables. The authors’ group consciousness variables are limited as they are general, non-residential status specific and only capture part of the traditionally conceptualized variable of group consciousness. Future study should employ better-worded items that can tap precisely into people’s various dimensions of social consciousness based on their group status. Practical implications Training officers has to give a high priority to the principles of both procedural and distributive justice, and implement performance and evaluation policies that support fair and responsive police behavior, particularly during situations where citizens report crime to and seek help from the police. Originality/value Despite their high relevance, variables reflecting group position have received marginal attention in previous research on public evaluations of the police in China. This study represents a first attempt to examine how the interactions between residence status and the level of neighborhood migrant concentration influence Chinese attitudes toward police fairness.

This study examined how millennials’ personality traits (i.e., ecological consciousness and social consciousness) influence their behavior outcomes (i.e., purchase intention and willingness to pay more) in the eco-fashion context by applying attribution theory. This study also tested the moderating effect of need for variety on the relationship between millennials’ personality traits and their behavior outcomes. A focus group including 9 participants and an online questionnaire involving 141 participants were used to accomplish the purpose of the study. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test how well the measured variables represented the various constructs, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the hierarchical relationships among millennials’ personality traits and their behavior outcomes. The results indicated that millennials’ ecological consciousness and social consciousness positively influenced their purchase intention and willingness to pay more for eco-fashion. Furthermore, the results supported the existence of a moderating effect of millennials’ need for variety on the relationship between social consciousness and willingness to pay more. Specifically, when millennials had a higher need for variety, their social consciousness had a stronger positive effect on willingness to pay more for eco-fashion. This study extends previous work involving attribution theory by affirming that millennials’ eco-fashion consumption behavior is influenced by their personality traits such as ecological consciousness and social consciousness. In addition, this study has managerial implications for apparel manufacturers, designers, and retailers and offers suggestions for educators in fashion marketing.

The present study makes a novel attempt to demonstrate a possible relation between mindfulness, sustainable consumption pattern, unsustainable consumption pattern and life satisfaction. A survey based on self-administered questionnaires was conducted on a sample of 420 participants. The results revealed that mindfulness is positively related to green purchase intention, social conscious purchasing and frugal purchasing behavior. This suggests that mindfulness generates a sense of care for self, nature and society that reflect in their respective consumption behaviors. Fulfilling the second purpose, mindfulness displayed a negative relation with materialism. This indicates that since mindfulness generates a sense of care for nature and society, individuals with greater mindfulness are less likely to engage in unsustainable consumption patterns. Furthermore, green purchase intention, social conscious purchasing and materialism showed a relationship with life satisfaction and significantly mediated the relationship between mindfulness and satisfaction with life. Understanding the beneficial effects of mindfulness in enhancing sustainable lifestyles, reducing materialistic tendencies and consequently having a relationship with life satisfaction, imply that mindfulness can be helpful in providing ‘triple dividend’.

A raft of recent music education research advocates fostering social awareness and engagement among tertiary music students. The evidence is compelling: a socially engaged tertiary education prepar...

The purpose of this study was to explore linkages between mindfulness-based practices (MBP) applied in schools and a social and emotional (SEL) framework using the five competency areas endorsed by the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship skills, and responsible decision-making). A qualitative exploration of linkages was conducted to identify ways the two might be integrated in schools and to stimulate transdisciplinary dialogue. A literature review yielded 40 studies that met the criteria: (a) use of MBP, (b) study conducted in a school setting, (c) inclusion of a goal to promote mindfulness, and (d) at least one outcome variable relevant to at least one of the five SEL competency areas. After coding SEL-related constructs measured in the studies, we reached consensus for the SEL competency area under which each construct best fits and reviewed the extent to which constructs were measured across the five SEL competency areas. Results suggested a conceptual fit between MBP and a SEL framework. Each of the five competency areas varied in their representation of the effects of MBP on students. The competency area of self-management was represented in all studies reviewed. No studies mentioned the use of the five competency areas in a SEL framework to guide or classify outcome variables. Only eight studies measured mindfulness as a construct. Future evaluations of MBP in schools should consider how outcomes fit within the context of a SEL framework to further understand the linkages between MBP and SEL.

Main aim of analyses presented in the article was to determine the motives and actions which promote social inclusion of the unemployed, most frequently suffering from social exclusion. The survey was conducted in 2018 based on the questionnaire among the population of 350 respondents. The analyses included the distribution of answers to survey question within the entire sample together with the verification of statistical significance between the answers provided and such variables as: gender, age, education and period of being registered in Municipal Employment Office. Results of the study show that increasing social awareness on the access to benefits is an important motif influencing social inclusion. The awareness of the fact of being deprived of the right to retirement pension, no access to healthcare and increased creditworthiness shape the knowledge of the society in relation to the importance of working within the official labour market to a significant extent.

Objective - In modern times, soap operas are thought to be a good source of leisure and are considered a powerful medium for propagating specific attitudes, ideas and different cultures within society. They are also useful for educating, informing and entertaining audiences, particularly women and children. The present investigation examines behavioural changes in women who watch soap operas. The Behaviour Analysis Matrix is used to assess changes in socio-cultural, psychological, economic, physiological and functional traits. Methodology/Technique - The present paper develops a global model for behavioural analysis of women who view soap operas using structural equation modelling. Findings - The present SEM model on behavioural analysis of soap opera viewers can be adopted as a global model for intervention. Novelty - The present study is useful for medical personal, social workers, academics and researchers in understanding the positive and negative effects of television shows on women, specifically, whether these serials create attitude changes among modern day women and the extent of the effect of their inter-personal relationships with family members and society. It is believed that this study will assist satellite media personnel in the development of their future programmes with social consciousness. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Structural Equation Modelling; Performance; Socio-cultural Traits; Economical Traits; Psychological Traits; Physiological Traits. JEL Classification: M30, M31, M39.

Social media platforms offer convenient, instantaneous social sharing on a mass scale with tremendous impact on public perceptions, opinions, and behavior. There is a need to understand why information spreads including the human motivations, cognitive processes, and neural dynamics of large-scale sharing. This study introduces a novel approach for investigating the effect social media messaging and in-person discussion has on the inter-brain dynamics within small groups of participants. The psychophysiological impact of information campaigns and narrative messaging within a closed social media environment was assessed using 24-channel wireless EEG. Data were acquired from three- or four-person groups while subjects debated contemporary social issues framed by four scenarios of varying controversy: (a) investing in ethical vs. unethical corporations, (b) selecting travel destination based on social awareness, (c) determining verdict in a murder trial and the punishment of life in prison or death penalty, and (d) decision to vaccinate. Pre-/post-scenario questionnaires assess the effects of the social media information. Inter-brain coherence between subject pairs on each social issue discussed by subjects was analyzed by concordance, agreement vs. disagreement, and by group unanimity, unanimous vs. not unanimous. Subject pairs that agreed on the social issues raised in the scenarios had significantly greater inter-brain coherence in gamma frequency range than disagreeing pairs over cortical regions known to be involved in social interactions. These effects were magnified when comparing groups where subject pairs were unanimous in their stance on the social issues for some but not all scenarios. While there was considerable overlap between scenarios in what EEG channels were significant, there was enough variability to indicate the possibility of scenario-specific effects on inter-brain coherence.

The marine environment has plunged into crisis with the growth of human activities. The enhancement of responsible environmental behavior (REB) requires policy and education to cultivate social awareness and actions to sustain marine resources. Several studies revealed that the intention serves as an effective predictor of actual behaviors. Furthermore, researchers generally acknowledge that attitudes and perceived behavioral control are potential factors toward behavior intention. However, some research has found that a positive attitude toward the environment does not translate into responsible environmental behavior. Additionally, the model of behavior in the marine context, especially the relationships between attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and the intention of responsible environmental behavior, are still not clear. Students’ attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and intentions toward responsible marine environmental behavior (M-REB) were evaluated via questionnaires. The data from a total of 79 undergraduate students were analyzed. The results suggest that perceived behavioral control is the mediator between attitudes and intentions toward M-REB. This finding reveals the potential benefits of reconsidering the importance of perceived behavioral control in promoting M-REB and provides empirical evidence for future policy-makers in society and education.

Sosyal Zeka bireylerin hem özel hem de iş yaşamında başarı ve mutlulukları için ön plandadır. Sosyal Zeka'nın öneminin farkındalığı, sosyal zekanın geliştirilmesinde önemlidir. Bu çalışmada; sağlık hizmetleri gibi insan faktörünün etkin olduğu bir sektörde sosyal zekanın değeri ve etkileyen faktörlerin bilinmesi hedeflenmektedir. Araştırmanın evrenini; İstanbul İlin de çalışan sağlık çalışanları oluşturmaktadır. Sosyal zeka düzeyini ölçek üzere Silvera ve ark. (2001) tarafından geliştirilen Tromso Sosyal Zeka ölçeği (TSZÖ) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmamızda cinsiyete, yaşa, eğitim düzeyine, çalışma pozisyonuna, kurumda çalışma süresine, başka yerden göç etme durumuna ve birlikte yaşanan kişi sayısına göre Sosyal Zeka ve alt boyutlarının farklılaşmadığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada, bekar bireylerin sosyal beceri düzeylerinin, evli çalışanlara göre daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İl merkezinde yaşayanların, ilçe ve kasaba/köyde yaşayanlara göre sosyal beceri ve sosyal zeka düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Daha önce başka meslekle uğraşanların, başka meslek yapmamış olanlara göre sosyal beceri düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Doğum yerine göre il merkezi ve ilçe merkezinde doğan bireylerin, kasaba/köyde doğanlara göre sosyal bilgi, sosyal farkındalık ve sosyal zeka açısından daha yüksek puanlara sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Mesleki deneyim süresine göre 5-10 yıl mesleki deneyime sahip olanların, diğer gruplara göre sosyal beceri düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sosyal zekâya sahip bireyler belirli sosyal durumlar karşısında muhatabının beklentilerini anlayarak cevap üretebilen, kendi gereksinimleri ile muhatabının gereksinimlerinde uzlaşı noktası bulabilen kişilerdir. Bu özellikler, sağlık çalışanları açısından kritik bir önem taşımaktadır., Social Intelligence is at the forefront of individuals' success and happiness in both private and business life. Awareness of the importance of Social Intelligence is important in the development of social intelligence. In this study; It is aimed to know the value of social intelligence and the factors affecting it in a sector where human factor is effective such as health services. The research was applied to all healthcare workers working in Istanbul Catalca State Hospital. To measure the level of social intelligence, the Tromso Social Intelligence Scale (TSSS) developed by Silvera et al. (2001) was used. In our study, it was determined that Social Intelligence and its sub-dimensions did not differ according to gender, age, educational level, working position, working time in the institution, immigration status and number of people living together. In the study, it was found that the social skill levels of single individuals were higher than those of married employees. The social skills and social intelligence levels of the people living in the city center were higher than those living in the district and town / village. It has been determined that those who have been engaged in another profession have higher social skill levels than those who have not done another profession before. It was determined that individuals born in the city center and district center had higher scores than those born in town / village in terms of social knowledge, social awareness and social intelligence. It was found that those with 5-10 years of professional experience had higher social skills levels than other groups. Individuals with social intelligence are able to produce answers by understanding the interlocutor's expectations in the face of certain social situations, and find a compromise point in their needs and interlocutor's needs. These features are critical to health professionals.