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The authors replicate a study by IJzerman et al. (2012), which concluded that the experimental condition of social exclusion (vs. inclusion) in the Cyberball computer game decreases peripheral index finger temperature, but did so with a sample size smaller than the authors calculated was needed for their minimum effect size of interest (N=41 in the original; N=95 would be enough to replicate the effect with over 95% power even if it is 15% smaller than the original effect), in a single lab in a colder country (the Netherlands), yet concluded generalizability. The study received considerable news coverage (e.g., in the New York Times) and is well-cited (223 at the time of writing). The authors seek to overcome the limitations of the previous study by conducting a highly-powered replication of the effect (projected minimum N=500) in 8 different countries in 3 different climatic regions (Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia, France, Turkey, Singapore, Nigeria, and Poland). The authors also extend the study by measuring body parts other than the index finger (pinky finger, supraclavicular, and wrist) and measure a selection of questionnaires that have been shown to be of relevance for social thermoregulatory mechanisms. Given the considerable power of the study and the inclusion of different climatic regions, these extensions can advance the theory on social thermoregulation in various important ways.

The influence of temperature on the perception of houses. Does coldness augment the need for affiliation which leads to higher communality with ones home or a house on the market and therefore a more positive perception?

This component contains the data and analysis scripts for the overarching examination of Many Labs 5.

This is the second pre-registration in this project after a first analyses in a hold-out dataset (after pre-registration). The predictions for Study 2 are the following regressions: • Anxiousness = 2.22 + .27 Solitary Thermoregulation + .38 Sex • Anxiety “Modified” = 2.84 + .29 Solitary Thermoregulation + .17 Sex • Anxiousness = 1.34 + .19 Solitary Thermoregulation + .30 Anxiety “Modified” + .33 Sex • Loneliness “Modified” = 2.60 + .14 Social Thermoregulation + .07 Sex • Avoidance “Modified” = 4.42 - .50 Social Thermoregulation - .07 Sex • Loneliness “Modified” = 3.46 + .04 Social Thermoregulation - .18 Avoidance “Modified” + .04 Sex • Empathy = 3.88 + .12 Social Thermoregulation + .32 Sex • Avoidance “Modified” = 4.42 - .50 Social Thermoregulation - .07 Sex • Empathy = 4.42 + .06 Social Thermoregulation - .12 Avoidance “Modified” + .31 Sex Criteria for replication. We will apply the same replication criteria for Study 2 as we applied for the hold out set of Study 1. The logic leading up to the above regressions and the replication criteria can be found in our updated manuscript in the component for the hold-out analyses.

© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2021, corrected publication 2022, The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world., This project was supported by funds from: the Amazon Web Services (AWS) Imagine Grant (to E.M.B.); the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (JSPS KAKENHI; 16h03079, 17h00875, 18k12015, and 20h04581 to Y.Y.); the research programme Dipartimenti di Eccellenza from the Ministry of Education University and Research (MIUR to N. Cellini and G.M. and the Department of General Psychology of the University of Padua); statutory funds of the University of Wroclaw (to A. Sorokowska); the Charles University Research Programme PROGRES (Q18 to M. Vranka); the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (2016:0229 to J.K.O.); the Rubicon Grant (019.183sg.007 to K.v.S.) from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research; the Australian Research Council (dp180102384 to R.M.R.); the US National Institutes of Health (NIMH111640 to M.N.-D.), the Huo Family Foundation to N.J.; the NSF Directorate for Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences, Division of Social and Economic Sciences (1559511 to J.S.L.); the US National Institutes of Health (RO1-CA-224545 to J.S.L.); Eesti Teadusagentuur–Estonian Research Council (PSG525 to A. Uusberg); the J. William Fulbright Program (to F. Azevedo); the HSE Basic Research Program (to D. Dubrov); Dominican University (a Faculty Development Grant to A. Krafnick); and the French National Research Agency Investissements d’avenir supporting PSF (ANR-15-IDEX-02 to H.I.); the Slovak Research and Development Agency (project no. APVV-20-0319 to M. Adamkovič); the programme FUTURE LEADER of Lorraine Université d’Excellence within the French National Research Agency Investissements d’avenir (ANR-15-IDEX-04-LUE to S.M.). Computation for this research was assisted by: the Harvard Business School compute cluster (HBSGrid); and the Open Science Grid. The Open Science Grid is supported by the National Science Foundation award 1148698 and the US Department of Energy’s Office of Science, as well as by the compute resources and assistance of the UW-Madison Center For High Throughput Computing (CHTC) in the Department of Computer Sciences. The CHTC is supported by UW-Madison, the Advanced Computing Initiative, the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, the Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, and the National Science Foundation, and is an active member of the Open Science Grid, which is supported by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science.

Body temperature regulation is of crucial importance for nonhuman and human animals. Because other animals are crucial in helping to regulate body temperature, temperature differences likely determine how humans think about their social environment. Since 2008, the psychological literature on social thermoregulation has flourished with approximately 80 reports, ranging from economic decision-making to self-regulation. However, questions have arisen over its robustness and about underlying mechanisms, particularly in relation to differences in past relationship experiences. In this report, the authors used an inductive approach, exploring individual differences to identify items that alter the temperature-social thought relationship in a pilot (Study 1), and confirming the effects in Study 2 (total N for 1 and 2 = 366), both of which were not pre-registered. After a first review with the present journal, we preregistered our replication and successfully replicated our effects in a French sample (N = 350). Coldness (vs. warmth) makes people think about closer others when past relationship experiences were positive, while the reverse is true for negative past relationship experiences. These robust results provide future directions for the field of social thermoregulation.Keywords: social thermoregulation, close relationships, interpersonal relationships, temperature

Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov's valence-dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. in this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions. We addressed this question by replicating Oosterhof and Todorov's methodology across 11 world regions, 41 countries and 11,570 participants. When we used Oosterhof and Todorov's original analysis strategy, the valence-dominance model generalized across regions. When we used an alternative methodology to allow for correlated dimensions, we observed much less generalization. Collectively, these results suggest that, while the valence-dominance model generalizes very well across regions when dimensions are forced to be orthogonal, regional differences are revealed when we use different extraction methods and correlate and rotate the dimension reduction solution., Vienna Science and Technology Fund [WWTF VRG13-007]; ERCEuropean Research Council (ERC)European Commission [647910]; CONICET, ArgentinaConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET); European Social Fund (Comprehensive Development for Implementing Smart Specialization Strategies at the University of Pecs) [EFOP-3.6.1.-16-2016-00004]; Swiss National Science FoundationSwiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)European Commission [PZ00P1_154911]; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)CGIAR; Comunidad de MadridComunidad de Madrid [2016-T1/SOC-1395]; AEI/FEDER UE [PSI2017-85159-P]; National Science Centre, PolandNational Science Centre, Poland [2015/19/D/HS6/00641]; Joep Lange Institute; Slovak Research and Development AgencySlovak Research and Development Agency [APVV-17-0418]; French National Research Agency 'Investissements d'Avenir' programme grantFrench National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-15-IDEX-02]; Australian Government Research Training Program ScholarshipAustralian GovernmentDepartment of Industry, Innovation and Science; University Grants Commission, New Delhi, IndiaUniversity Grants Commission, India; Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg; Beijing Natural Science FoundationBeijing Natural Science Foundation [5184035]; CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology; National Science Foundation Graduate Research FellowshipNational Science Foundation (NSF) [R010138018], C.L. was supported by the Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF VRG13-007); L.M.D. was supported by ERC 647910 (KINSHIP); D.I.B. and N.I. received funding from CONICET, Argentina; L.K., F.K. and A. Putz were supported by the European Social Fund (EFOP-3.6.1.-16-2016-00004; `Comprehensive Development for Implementing Smart Specialization Strategies at the University of Pecs'). K.U. and E. Vergauwe were supported by a grant from the Swiss National Science Foundation (PZ00P1_154911 to E. Vergauwe). T.G. is supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC). M.A.V. was supported by grants 2016-T1/SOC-1395 (Comunidad de Madrid) and PSI2017-85159-P (AEI/FEDER UE). K.B. was supported by a grant from the National Science Centre, Poland (number 2015/19/D/HS6/00641). J. Bonick and J.W.L. were supported by the Joep Lange Institute. G.B. was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency (APVV-17-0418). H.I.J. and E.S. were supported by a French National Research Agency 'Investissements d'Avenir' programme grant (ANR-15-IDEX-02). T.D.G. was supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship. The Raipur Group is thankful to: (1) the University Grants Commission, New Delhi, India for the research grants received through its SAP-DRS (Phase-III) scheme sanctioned to the School of Studies in Life Science; and (2) the Center for Translational Chronobiology at the School of Studies in Life Science, PRSU, Raipur, India for providing logistical support. K. Ask was supported by a small grant from the Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg. Y.Q. was supported by grants from the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (5184035) and CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology. N.A.C. was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (R010138018). We acknowledge the following research assistants: J. Muriithi and J. Ngugi (United States International University Africa); E. Adamo, D. Cafaro, V. Ciambrone, F. Dolce and E. Tolomeo (Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro); E. De Stefano (University of Padova); S. A. Escobar Abadia (University of Lincoln); L. E. Grimstad (Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)); L. C. Zamora (Franklin and Marshall College); R. E. Liang and R. C. Lo (Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman); A. Short and L. Allen (Massey University, New Zealand), A. Ates, E. Gunes and S. Can Ozdemir (Bogazici University); I. Pedersen and T. Roos (Abo Akademi University); N. Paetz (Escuela de Comunicacion Monica Herrera); J. Green (University of Gothenburg); M. Krainz (University of Vienna, Austria); and B. Todorova (University of Vienna, Austria). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.

The present article reports the results of a meta-analysis of nine student replication projects of Elliot et al.’s (2010) findings from Experiment 3, that women were more attracted to photographs of men with red borders (total n = 640). The eight student projects were part of the Collaborative Replication and Education Project (CREP; https://osf.io/wfc6u/), a research crowdsourcing project for undergraduate students. All replications were reviewed by experts to ensure high quality data, and were pre-registered prior to data collection. Results of this meta-analysis showed no effect of red on attractiveness ratings for either perceived attractiveness (mean ratings difference = –0.07, 95% CI [–0.31, 0.16]) or sexual attractiveness (mean ratings difference = –0.06, 95% CI [–0.36, 0.24]); this null result held with and without Elliot et al.’s (2010) data included in analyses. Exploratory analyses examining whether being in a relationship moderated the effect of color on attractiveness ratings also produced null results.

Zwaan et al. integrated previous articles to promote making replications mainstream. We wholeheartedly agree. We extend their discussion by highlighting several existing initiatives – the Replication Recipe and the Collaborative Education and Research Project (CREP) - which aim to make replications mainstream. We hope this exchange further stimulates making replications mainstream.

Social thermoregulation theory posits that modern human relationships are pleisiomorphically organized around body temperature regulation. In two studies (N = 1755) designed to test the principles from this theory, we used supervised machine learning to identify social and non-social factors that relate to core body temperature. This data-driven analysis found that complex social integration (CSI), defined as the number of high-contact roles one engages in, is a critical predictor of core body temperature. We further used a cross-validation approach to show that colder climates relate to higher levels of CSI, which in turn relates to higher CBT (when climates get colder). These results suggest that despite modern affordances for regulating body temperature, people still rely on social warmth to buffer their bodies against the cold. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Replication is one key component towards a robust cumulative knowledge base. It plays a critical function in assessing the stability of the scientific literature. Replication involves closely repeating the procedure of a study and determining if the results are similar to the original. For decades, behavioral scientists were reluctant to publish replications. Reasons were epistemic and pragmatic. First of all, original studies were viewed as conclusive in most cases, and failures to replicate were often attributed to mistakes by the replicating researcher. In addition, failures to replicate may be caused by numerous factors. This inherent ambiguity made replications less desirable to journals. On the other hand, replication successes were expected and considered to contribute little beyond what was already known. Finally, editorial policies did not encourage the publication of replications, leaving the robustness of scientific findings largely unreported. A series of events ultimately led the research community to reconsider replication and research practices at large: the discovery of several cases of large-scale scientific misconduct (i.e., fraud), the invention and/or application of new statistical tools to assess strength of evidence, high-profile publications suggesting that some common practices may be less robust than previously assumed, failure to replicate some major findings of the field, and the creation of new, online tools aimed to promote transparency in the field. To deal with what is often regarded as the crisis of confidence, initiatives have been developed to increase the transparency of research practices, including (but not limited to) pre-registration of studies, effect size predictions and sample size/power estimation, and, of course, replications. Replication projects themselves evolved in quality: From replications that were originally as small in sample as problematically small original studies to large-scale “Many Labs” collaborative projects. Ultimately, the development of higher quality replication projects and open science tools has led (and will continue to lead) to a clearer understanding of human behavior and cognition and have contributed to a clearer distinction between exploratory and confirmatory behavioral science. The current bibliography gives an overview of the history of replications, of the development of tools and guidelines, and of review papers discussing theoretical implications of replications.

The credibility of scientific claims depends upon the transparency of the research products upon which they are based (e.g. study protocols, data, materials, and analysis scripts). As psychology navigates a period of unprecedented introspection, user-friendly tools and services that support open science have flourished. However, the plethora of decisions and choices involved can be bewildering. Here we provide a practical guide to help researchers navigate the process of preparing and sharing the products of their research (e.g. choosing a repository, preparing their research products for sharing, structuring folders, etc.). Being an open scientist means adopting a few straightforward research management practices, which lead to less error prone, reproducible research workflows. Further, this adoption can be piecemeal – each incremental step towards complete transparency adds positive value. Transparent research practices not only improve the efficiency of individual researchers, they enhance the credibility of the knowledge generated by the scientific community., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

We report a replication and extension of a finding from Studies 1 and 2 of Van Lange et al .'s influential paper (Van Lange et al. 1997 J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 73 , 733–746. ( doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.4.733 )), which showed an association between Social Value Orientation (SVO) and attachment security. We report a close replication but with measures of attachment that are considered superior in comparison to measures used by Van Lange et al ., due to subsequent psychometric improvements. Psychometric analyses indeed showed that our attachment measures were reliable and valid, demonstrating theoretically predicted associations with other outcomes. With a sample ( N = 879) sufficiently large to detect d = 0.19 (and larger than the original N = 573), we failed to replicate the effect. Based on the available evidence, we interpret as there being no evidence for the link between attachment security and Social Value Orientation, but further replication research that uses solid measures and large samples can provide more definite conclusions about the association between attachment and SVO.

To cope with changing and unfamiliar situations, individuals process novel information and integrate this information into internal models that were formed through previous experiences. We propose that the degree to which people update these internal models is central to personality dynamics. Personality traits therefore arise at two ends of a continuum. Such a continuum reflects the degree to which internal models are updated (low towards high) when encountering novel information. Personality dimensions and behavioral manifestations (such as those reflected in liberal and conservative political thought) at different points of this continuum provide heuristic criteria for classifying them as high or low updating traits. Our model is rooted in neurobiological evidence (interactions of large-scale brain networks in particular) and shows strong parallels with models of basic animal personality traits. We conclude by discussing how personality dynamics can be understood through this neurobiological lens.

The present article reports the results of a meta-analysis of eight student replication projects of Elliot et al.’s (2010) Experiment 3. The eight student projects were part of the Collaborative Replication and Education Project (CREP; https://osf,io/wfc6u/), a research crowdsourcing project for undergraduate students. Studies to be replicated were identified by the CREP advisory board, after which student teams (under the supervision of a local faculty supervisor) selected a study to replicate. Following this choice, student teams created a project page on the Open Science Framework, uploaded their materials, and pre-registered their replication prior to data collection. All replications were reviewed by experts to ensure high quality data, and were pre-registered prior to data collection. Results of this meta-analysis showed no effect of red on attractiveness ratings; this null result held with and without Elliot et al.’s (2010) data included in analyses. Exploratory analyses examining whether being in a relationship or not moderated the effect of color on attractiveness ratings also produced null results.

In the present paper we will apply the Predictive And Reactive Control Systems (PARCS) theory as a framework that integrates competing theories of neural substrates of awareness by describing the “default mode network” (DMN) and anterior insula (AI) as parts of two different behavioral and homeostatic control systems. The DMN, a network that becomes active at rest when there is no external stimulation or task to perform, has been implicated in self-reflective awareness and prospection. By contrast, the AI is associated with awareness and task-related attention. This has led to competing theories stressing the role of the DMN in self-awareness versus the role of interoceptive and emotional information integration in the AI in awareness of the emotional moment. In PARCS, the respective function of the DMN and AI in a specific control system explains their association with different qualities of awareness, and how mental states can shift from one state (e.g., prospective self-reflection) to the other (e.g., awareness of the emotional moment) depending on the relative dominance of control systems. These shifts between reactive and predictive control are part of processes that enable the intake of novel information, integration of this novel information within existing knowledge structures, and the creation of a continuous personal context in which novel information can be integrated and understood. As such, PARCS can explain key characteristics of mental states, such as their temporal and spatial focus (e.g., a focus on the here and now vs. the future; a 1st person vs. a 3rd person perspective). PARCS further relates mental states to brain states and functions, such as activation of the DMN or hemispheric asymmetry in frontal cortical functions. Together, PARCS deepens the understanding of a broad range of mental states, including mindfulness, mind wandering, rumination, autobiographical memory, imagery, and the experience of self.This paper was published in Frontiers:Tops, M., Boksem, M. A., Quirin, M., IJzerman, H., & Koole, S. L. (2014). Internally directed cognition and mindfulness: An integrative perspective derived from predictive and reactive control systems theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 5.

In their target article Kalisch et al. provide an appraisal-based model to explain resilience from stress. Three cognitive classes shape their posited individual’s appraisal style: Positive situation classification, reappraisal, and interference inhibition. They posit that a positive appraisal style is “the primary pathway to resilience” and that their model provides new avenues for prevention. We concur with the authors that we need to rely on biosocial models to understand the development of resilience. However in our view the model misses an important component: The functional relevance of the agent’s relational experiences. We concur that stress, or, more broadly, emotions have adaptive functions. But for their model and for interventions it is crucial to know whether emotions should be reappraised or whether they can actually contribute to resilience. We think that for answering this question, we need to extend their biosocial model by adding the agent’s begin-state φ – a resilience factor they ponder about. Prevention interventions that are focused solely on individual facets and ignore the agent’s relational context (which are indeed non-independent) in some instances may well lead to alienation – and, we think – to greater stress, poorer resilience, and worse health instead.This paper was published in Behavioral and Brain Sciences:IJzerman, H., & Lindenberg, S. (2015). The self in its social context: Why resilience needs company. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 38.

Classical theories on interpersonal relations have long suggested that social interactions are influenced by sensation, like the experience of warmth. Past empirical work now confirms that perceived differences in temperature impact how people form thoughts about relationships. The present work first integrates our knowledge database on brand research with this idea of “grounded social cognition”. It then leverages a large sample (total N = 2,552) toward elucidating links between estimates of temperature and positive versus negative evaluations of communal brands. In five studies, the authors have found that thinking about positively (vs. negatively) perceived communal brands leads to heightened temperature estimates. A meta-analysis of the five studies shows a small but consistent effect in this noisy environment, r = .11, 95% CI, .05, .18. Exploratory analyses in Studies 1a and b further suggest that temperature perceptions mediate the (significant) relationship between perceived communality and willingness to purchase from the brand. The authors discuss implications for theory and practice, and consider the effects from a Social Baseline Perspective.This paper was published in PloS one: IJzerman, H., Janssen, J. A., & Coan, J. A. (2015). Maintaining warm, trusting relationships with brands: increased temperature perceptions after thinking of communal brands. PloS one, 10(4), e0125194.

Attachment theory (Bowlby, 1969/1982) posits the existence of internal working models as a foundational feature of human bonds. Radical embodied approaches instead suggest that cognition requires no computation or representation, favoring a cognition situated in a body in an environmental context with affordances for action (Barrett, 2011; Chemero, 2009; Wilson & Golonka, 2013). We explore whether embodied approaches to social soothing, interpersonal warmth, separation distress, and support seeking could replace representational constructs such as internal working models with a view of relationship cognition anchored in the resources afforded to the individual by their brain, body, and environment in interaction.We review the neurobiological bases for social attachments and relationships and attempt to delineate how these systems overlap or don’t with more basic physiological systems in ways that support or contradict a radical embodied explanation. We suggest that many effects might be the result of the fact that relationship cognition depends on and emerges out of the action of neural systems that regulate several clearly physically grounded systems. For example, the neuropeptide oxytocin appears to be central to attachment and pair-bond behavior (Carter & Keverne, 2002) and is implicated in social thermoregulation more broadly, being necessary for maintaining a warm body temperature as has been discovered in rats (Kasahara et al., 2007) and humans (Beck et al., 1979).Finally, we discuss the most challenging issues around taking a radically embodied perspective on social relationships. We find the most crucial challenge in individual differences in support seeking and responses to social contact, which have long been thought to be a function of representational structures in the mind (e.g., Baldwin, 1995). Together we entertain the thought to explain such individual differences without mediating representations or computations.This paper was published in Frontiers:Beckes, L., IJzerman, H., & Tops, M. (2015). Toward a radically embodied neuroscience of attachment and relationships. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 9.

Linguistic category priming is a novel paradigm to examine automatic influences of language on cognition (Semin, 2008). An initial article reported that priming abstract linguistic categories (adjectives) led to more global perceptual processing, whereas priming concrete linguistic categories (verbs) led to more local perceptual processing (Stapel & Semin, 2007). However, this report was compromised by data fabrication by the first author, so that it remains unclear whether or not linguistic category priming influences perceptual processing. To fill this gap in the literature, the present article reports 12 studies among Dutch and US samples examining the perceptual effects of linguistic category priming. The results yielded no evidence of linguistic category priming effects. These findings are discussed in relation to other research showing cultural variations in linguistic category priming effects (IJzerman, Saddlemyer, & Koole, 2014a). The authors conclude by highlighting the importance of conducting and publishing replication research for achieving scientific progress.This paper was published in Acta Psychologica:IJzerman, H., Regenberg, N. F., Saddlemyer, J., & Koole, S. L. (2015). Perceptual effects of linguistic category priming: The Stapel and Semin (2007) paradigm revisited in twelve experiments. Acta Psychologica, 157, 23-29.

In this article, we comment on the replication attempt by Ebersole and colleagues (2015) on the effect that communal (vs. agentic) priming leads to estimates of higher ambient temperature. We conclude that the probability that the effect is true is considerable, but only at lower ambient temperatures. We comment on “hidden moderators”, data quality, and theoretical and methodological consequences of replication studies.This paper was published in Journal of Experimental Social Psychology:IJzerman, H., Szymkow, A., & Parzuchowski, M. (2016). Warmer hearts, and warmer, but noisier rooms: Communality does elicit warmth, but only for those in colder ambient temperatures—Commentary on Ebersole et al.(2016). Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 67, 88-90.

Banerjee, Chatterjee, and Sinha (2012) recently reported that recalling unethical behavior led participants to see the room as darker and to desire more light-emitting products (e.g., a flashlight) compared to recalling ethical behavior. We replicated the methods of these two original studies with four high-powered replication studies (two online and two in the lab). Our results did not differ significantly from zero, 9 out of 10 of the effects were significantly smaller than the originally reported effects, and the effects were not consistently moderated by individual difference measures of potential discrepancies between the original and the replication samples. A meta-analysis that includes both the original and replication effects of moral recall on perceptions of brightness find a small, marginally significant effect (d = 0.14 CL95 -0.002 to 0.28). A meta-analysis that includes both the original and replication effects of moral recall on preferences for light-emitting products finds a small effect that did not differ from zero (d = 0.13 CL95 -0.04 to 0.29).This paper was published in Social Psychology:Brandt, M. J., IJzerman, H., & Blanken, I. (2014). Does recalling moral behavior change the perception of brightness?: A replication and meta-analysis of Banerjee, Chatterjee, and Sinha (2012). Social Psychology, 45(3), 246-252.

solid sciencetheoretical advancesteaching opportunities + -----------------------------Rejoice!This paper was published in European Journal of Personality:Ijzerman, H., Brandt, M. J., & Van Wolferen, J. (2013). Rejoice! In replication. European Journal of Personality, 27(2), 128-129.

In the present article the authors propose to modernize relationship therapy by integrating novel sensor and actuator technologies that can help optimize people’s thermoregulation, especially in social contexts. Specifically, they propose to integrate Social Thermoregulation Theory (IJzerman et al., 2015a; IJzerman & Hogerzeil, 2017) into Emotionally Focused Therapy. As such, the authors suggest to craft a Social Thermoregulation (the pleisiomorphic reliance of relationships on temperature regulation) type therapy to further improve relationship therapy. The authors outline what is known and not known in terms of social thermoregulatory mechanisms, what kind of data collection and analyses are necessary to better understand social thermoregulatory mechanisms, and stress the need to conduct Randomized Clinical Trials prior to implementation. They further warn against too hastily applying these theoretical perspectives. The article concludes by outlining why Social Thermoregulation Therapy is the way forward in improving relationship functioning.This paper was published in Frontiers:IJzerman, H., Heine, E. C., Nagel, S. K., & Pronk, T. M. (2017). Modernizing Relationship Therapy through Social Thermoregulation Theory: Evidence, Hypotheses, and Explorations. Frontiers in Psychology, 8.

Shackelford and colleagues (2004) found that men, compared to women, are more distressed by sexual than emotional infidelity, and this sex difference continued into older age. We conducted four high-powered replications (total N = 1,952) of this effect and found different results. A meta-analysis of original and replication studies finds the sex difference in younger samples (though with a smaller effect size), and no effect among older samples. Furthermore, we found attitude toward uncommitted sex to be a mediator (although not consistently in the same direction) between participant sex and relative distress between sexual and emotional infidelity. We hypothesize that the discrepancies between the original and replication studies may be due to changing cultural attitudes about sex across time. Confirming this speculative interpretation requires further investigation.This paper was published in Social Psychology:Ijzerman, H., Blanken, I., Brandt, M. J., Oerlemans, H., van den Hoogenhof, M., Franken, S., & Oerlemans, M. (2014). Sex differences in distress from infidelity in early adulthood and in later life: A replication and meta-analysis of Shackelford et al.(2004). Social Psychology, 45(3), 202-208.

Open Science Collaboration (in press). Maximizing the reproducibility of your research. In S. O. Lilienfeld & I. D. Waldman (Eds.), Psychological Science Under Scrutiny: Recent Challenges and Proposed Solutions. New York, NY: Wiley.

With the changing of modal research practices in psychology, the grounded cognition perspective (sometimes categorized under the more popular term of “social priming”) has become heavily criticized. Specifically, LeBel and Campbell (2013) reported a failed replication of a study involving what some would call ‘social priming’. We sought to replicate a study from our own lab (IJzerman & Semin, 2009), to investigate the reproducibility of the reported effect that physical warmth leads to a greater focus on perceptual relations. We also improved our methods to reduce potential experimenter’s bias (cf. Doyen, Klein, Pichon, & Cleeremans, 2012). We successfully replicated the finding that a simple cue of physical warmth makes people more likely to adopt a relational focus.This paper was published in PLoS one:Schilder, J. D., IJzerman, H., & Denissen, J. J. (2014). Physical warmth and perceptual focus: A replication of IJzerman and Semin (2009). PloS one, 9(11), e112772.

Contains fulltext : 131506.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Although replication is a central tenet of science, direct replications are rare in psychology. This research tested variation in the replicability of 13 classic and contemporary effects across 36 independent samples totaling 6,344 participants. In the aggregate, 10 effects replicated consistently. One effect – imagined contact reducing prejudice – showed weak support for replicability. And two effects - flag priming influencing conservatism and currency priming influencing system justification - did not replicate. We compared whether the conditions such as lab versus online or US versus international sample predicted effect magnitudes. By and large they did not. The results of this small sample of effects suggest that replicability is more dependent on the effect itself than on the sample and setting used to investigate the effect. 11 p.

We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings, with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance, to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15,305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance (p < .05), we found that 15 (54%) of the replications provided evidence of a statistically significant effect in the same direction as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion (p < .0001), 14 (50%) of the replications still provided such evidence, a reflection of the extremely highpowered design. Seven (25%) of the replications yielded effect sizes larger than the original ones, and 21 (75%) yielded effect sizes smaller than the original ones. The median comparable Cohen’s ds were 0.60 for the original findings and 0.15 for the replications. The effect sizes were small (< 0.20) in 16 of the replications (57%), and 9 effects (32%) were in the direction opposite the direction of the original effect. Across settings, the Q statistic indicated significant heterogeneity in 11 (39%) of the replication effects, and most of those were among the findings with the largest overall effect sizes; only 1 effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity according to this measure. Only 1 effect had a tau value greater than .20, an indication of moderate heterogeneity. Eight others had tau values near or slightly above .10, an indication of slight heterogeneity. Moderation tests indicated that very little heterogeneity was attributable to the order in which the tasks were performed or whether the tasks were administered in lab versus online. Exploratory comparisons revealed little heterogeneity between Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) cultures and less WEIRD cultures (i.e., cultures with relatively high and low WEIRDness scores, respectively). Cumulatively, variability in the observed effect sizes was attributable more to the effect being studied than to the sample or setting in which it was studied. UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIP)

In this article, we comment on the replication attempt by Ebersole and colleagues (2015) on the effect that communal (vs. agentic) priming leads to estimates of higher ambient temperature. We conclude that the probability that the effect is true is considerable, but only at lower ambient temperatures. We comment on “hidden moderators”, data quality, and theoretical and methodological consequences of replication studies.

We comment on the proposition “that lower temperatures and especially greater seasonal variation in temperature call for individuals and societies to adopt … a greater degree of self-control” (Van Lange et al., sect. 3, para. 4) for which we cannot find empirical support in a large data set with data-driven analyses. After providing greater nuance in our theoretical review, we suggest that Van Lange et al. revisit their model with an eye toward the social determinants of self-control.

Automatic detection of a baby cry in audio signals is an essential step in applications such as remote baby monitoring. It is also important for researchers, who study the relation between baby cry patterns and various health or developmental parameters. In this paper, we propose two machine-learning algorithms for automatic detection of baby cry in audio recordings. The first algorithm is a low-complexity logistic regression classifier, used as a reference. To train this classifier, we extract features such as Mel-frequency cepstrum coefficients, pitch and formants from the recordings. The second algorithm uses a dedicated convolutional neural network (CNN), operating on log Mel-filter bank representation of the recordings. Performance evaluation of the algorithms is carried out using an annotated database containing recordings of babies (0-6 months old) in domestic environments. In addition to baby cry, these recordings contain various types of domestic sounds, such as parents talking and door opening. The CNN classifier is shown to yield considerably better results compared to the logistic regression classifier, demonstrating the power of deep learning when applied to audio processing.This paper was published in IEEE International Conference on the Science of Electrical Engineering:Lavner, Y., Cohen, R., Ruinskiy, D., & IJzerman, H. (2016, November). Baby cry detection in domestic environment using deep learning. In Science of Electrical Engineering (ICSEE), IEEE International Conference on the Science of Electrical Engineering (pp. 1-5). IEEE.

House brokers typically intuit that any type of warmth cause people to buy houses more frequently. Is this empirical reality? The authors investigated this through people’s attachment towards advertised houses. A wealth of research has now linked thermoregulation to relationships (cf. IJzerman et al., 2015), and here the authors purport that this extends to people’s relationships with house as a more novel solution to an ancient problem: Shielding from the cold. The present package tests a preregistered idea that colder temperatures increase people’s need to affiliate and, in turn, increase people’s estimations of how homely a house is (measured through communality). The hypotheses of the first two studies were partly right: The authors only found that actual lower temperatures (not motivation and through a cup and outside temperature) induced people to find a house more communal, predicted by their need to affiliate. Importantly, this even predicts whether people find the house more attractive, and increases their willingness to pay for the house (Studies 1 and Study 2). The third study did not pan out as predicted, but still affected people’s need to affiliate. The authors reason that this was caused by a methodological shortcoming (namely not directly being affected by temperature). The present work provides novel insights into how a house becomes a home.This paper was published in Journal of Experimental Social Psychology: Van Acker, B. B., Kerselaers, K., Pantophlet, J., & IJzerman, H. (2016). Homelike thermoregulation: How physical coldness makes an advertised house a home. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 67, 20-27.