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To complement existing literature and better capture the diversity of factors influencing grief, a more interpersonal understanding is required. Thus, we used the relational landscape's concept and empirical investigation to clarify the roles of individuals surrounding the bereaved. Sixteen interviews with bereaved individuals by euthanasia or natural death were analyzed using Interpretive Description. We present a model describing five types of actors in the environment of the bereaved and their ways of "being with" or giving space. We also include four lived landscapes in our model, with the purpose of describing how bereavement can be experienced within the social environment.

Palliative care professionals often speak of the importance of forming meaningful relationships with patients and their families. Trust and rapport, usually established over extended periods of time through face-to-face interactions, and a ‘gentle honesty’ regarding end-of-life and death are key aspects of developing a sense of intimacy with people who are approaching the end of their lives. A fundamental feature of this intimacy is conveying a sense of ‘being with’ a patient. However, these ways of working were greatly challenged by the impact of COVID-19. This article explores how intimacy both was and was not established at the height of the pandemic, and it describes the extent to which shared concerns functioned as a new means to create a sense of a common experience.

Abstract. This article explores people’s perception of their experience while being alone or being with others. To that aim, data from nine studies (total N = 1,717) were meta-analyzed. In each study, participants performed a sentence-completion task referring to their experience alone/“with others”. The responses were analyzed using a text analysis software. Results showed that in a “with others” (vs. alone) mindset, people are more focused on the present, and less focused on the past or the future. When “with others,” more anxiety but less sadness is expressed. Social motives – affiliation and power – are more pronounced in the “with others” mindset, whereas leisure activities are salient in the alone mindset. Conclusions are derived regarding the nature of the experience in these basic conditions.

Mindful parenting has been proposed as a contributing factor for reducing psychological problems in children. However, mixed results regarding the association between mindful parenting and child psychological problems suggest that the benefits could be moderated by children’s characteristics. This study, based on differential susceptibility to parenting models, aims to examine whether child dispositional mindfulness profiles can moderate the impact of mindful parenting, so that children with a poorer dispositional mindfulness profile benefit more when their parents present a mindful parenting style. A total of 348 parents and their adolescent children participated in a two-wave longitudinal study with a 1-year interval. Parents answered measures of mindful parenting (mindful discipline and being in the moment with the child), and children answered measures of dispositional mindfulness, depressive symptoms, aggressive behavior, and peer victimization. The adolescents were classified according to their dispositional mindfulness profiles. Mindful discipline predicted reduced depressive symptoms, aggression, and victimization after 1 year, whereas, being with the child only predicted reduced depressive symptoms. The results showed an interaction effect, according to which adolescents with poor dispositional mindfulness (i.e., high scores in observing and low scores in nonjudging and acting with awareness) benefited more from mindful parenting. Adolescents with a poor dispositional mindfulness profile benefit the most from mindful parenting. Adolescents with an adequate mindfulness profile tend to show lower levels of aggression and depressive symptoms, regardless of whether their parents exhibit a mindful parenting style.

In un mondo che sembra non essere in grado di costruire relazioni solide e autentiche, l'identità del singolo stenta a trovare spazio per esistere, esprimersi e fiorire. Davanti a un "esserci" fortemente limitato, che trova soddisfazione in un'estrema celebrazione di sé, "essere con" l'altro ed "esserci per" l'altro si configurano come esperienze difficilmente sperimentabili. Ritrovare, attraverso la mindfulness, la consapevolezza di sé nel momento presente, costituisce una risorsa dal valore pregevole. Vivere consapevolmente nel "qui ed ora" consente di ascoltarsi, prima di rivolgere l'ascolto verso l'altro; permette di coltivare il proprio esserci" che rende possibile l'"esserci per" l'altro, in un incontro autentico e privo di giudizio. Ciò vale in particolar modo quando l'interlocutore appare bisognoso di presenza e di cura, ad ogni grado, da parte di caregiver professionali e, frequentemente, familiari.

This article aims at analyzing family relationships of binational couples during the pandemic.Due to the border closure measures imposed by the States to minimize the spread ofCOVID-19, several families composed of people of different nationalities were deprived of47 DOI: https://doi.org/10.46901/revistadadpu.i15.p47-6648 ESCOLA NACIONAL DA DEFENSORIA PÚBLICA DA UNIÃOfamily life, especially couples without formal ties. This study adopted a legal-sociologicalmethodology. The juridical-sociological methodology used consists of an analysis of thebibliography and of a study of the laws relating to the theme in force in some countries.The study traces a broaden concept of family based on affection and confronts the marketaspect attributed to human relations, based on the globalizing and capitalist bias. The currentfear of death experienced by the population due to the volatile nature of the transmissionof coronavirus have been making people rethinking their family relationships not by theperspective of consumptiveness, but by affection. Being with family promotes emotionalstability, since the family environment becomes a locus of security. However, State policiesimpede the coexistence of these families, generating existential damage. Este artigo objetiva analisar as relações familiares entre os binacionais em tempo de pandemia.Em razão das medidas de fechamento das fronteiras impostas pelos Estados a fim deminimizar a propagação do Covid-19, diversas famílias compostas por pessoas de nacionalidades distintas, sobretudo por não possuírem vínculos formais, ficaram privadas do convívio familiar. Esse estudo adotou a vertente metodológica jurídico-sociológica. Utiliza-se a técnica teórica por meio de análise de conteúdo bibliográfico, estudos às legislações de alguns países que tratam sobre o tema. Traça-se um conceito de aberto de família a partir do eixo afetivo, inclusive de alguns países ocidentais, bem como se confronta com o aspecto mercadológico que as relações humanas são consideradas sob o viés globalizante e do capital. Contudo, considerando o atual momento vivenciado, em que o medo da morte assola parte da população, em decorrência da volatilidade na transmissão dos vírus, o ser humano tem repensado sobre suas relações familiares, não pelo aspecto da consuntibilidade, mas sim pela afetividade. Estar com a família promove estabilidade emocional, pois o ambiente familiar se torna lócus de segurança; porém, as políticas Estatais tolhem o convívio dessas famílias gerando danos existenciais.

This article draws on qualitative research with participants of volunteer abroad to conceptualize intimacy. I suggest intimacies are idealized as loving, familial relationships as outcomes of homestay programs. But, intimacy is fraught with complex meanings because being with others is unpredictable, gendered and racialized. I examine two modes of intimacy: with host families in the home space, and through catcalling. These encounters involved the promise of close familial intimacy, and the discomfort of sexualized intimacy. The former was associated with the love of the host mother, and the latter with machismo of Nicaraguan men. These two modes of intimacy mark two profoundly different affective moments: when volunteers primarily belonging and when they felt most at odds with being there. This article looks at participants' stories of intimacy and what these stories reveal about the ways power relations surface, even as they are denied.

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar si los adultos mayores de los municipios de Monterrey y Apodaca en el Estado de Nuevo León (México) cuentan con herramientas electrónicas que le permitan el acceso y uso de redes sociales, y detallar la interacción que tienen con pares, familiares e instituciones con las que tengan alguna relación, como alternativa de integración. Se utilizó un método mixto para la recolección de los datos, una muestra de 435 sujetos a fin de garantizar la representatividad. De la investigación resulta que el 49.4% (215) de adultos mayores expone el sentimiento de alegría como el código más repetido porque pueden comunicarse con sus familiares amigos y conocidos, obtiene información diversa y les facilita tareas y trabajos. Los adultos mayores consumen la red Facebook. Además, se concluye que los adultos mayores perciben las redes sociales como parte integral de su ser con sentido de pertenencia e inclusión social.

By taking as background a few examples from Japanese culture and society, as well as an ethnographic insight, this article reconsiders the way anthropology usually deals with and talks about issues regarding cultural differences in human relations. These issues, which start from the fact that different cultures articulate human relations in different ways, have as one of their main theoretical outcomes the analysis around the categories of “self” or “person.” However, within this move lies something akin to a “gestalt misconception” that reduces a shared moral understanding (human relations) to an analysis of conceptual categories and their cognitive, psychological, subjective (or other) processes. Alternatively, the article proposes a more dialogical approach informed by Gadamer’s idea of “dialog” and “fusion of horizons,” where one aims to learn from other cultures and not about them. As a result, some reflections of a philosophical, moral, and practical character are presented, leaving theoretical formulations about the “Japanese self” out of the equation. This article’s general purpose is not an exploration of “Japaneseness,” but rather a probe into the possibilities of Being. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Background Police officers work under stressful conditions, and the resulting occupational stress may impact their health and well-being through changes in positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA). It is therefore important to assess officers’ stress, PA, and NA while it is experienced. This study evaluates police officers’ momentary stress and affect in real-world settings using an ecological momentary assessment, and examines the within-person (W) and between-person (B) factors that influence momentary affect. Methods Eighty-nine police officers were recruited in South Korea. Participants completed questionnaires about their momentary stress and affect using a smartphone application. The associations between momentary stress, momentary contextual environment, momentary PA, and momentary NA were examined using mixed modeling. Results Social overload (W: -.37), work discontent (W: −.45, B: −.73), social tension (W: −.79, B: −.67), and pressure to perform (W: −.29, B: −.49) were significantly associated with lower PA. Work overload (B: .33) and social isolation(W: .48, B: .31) were significantly associated with higher PA. Being with family (W: .71, B: .91) and friends (W: 1.89, B: 2.45) were significantly associated with higher PA. Being at home or other places away from the work place were significantly associated with higher PA (W: 1.01) and when patrolling or investigating were associated with lower PA (B: − 1.13). Lack of social recognition (W: 1.74, B: 2.33), work discontent (W: 1.59, B: 1.88), social tension (W: 1.74, B: 2.92), and pressure to perform (W: .78, B: 1.92) were significantly associated with higher NA. Being with colleagues (W: − 1.43), family (W: -1.38, B: − 2.66) and friends (W: -1.78, B: − 2.45) were associated with lower NA. Conclusions Momentary within-person and between-person stress factors and contextual factors influenced police officers’ momentary affect. These factors should be considered when developing interventions to mitigate stress and improve affect in police officers.

Resumen Las investigaciones en torno al término felicidad han estado presentes en la literatura. Esto debido a que dar con las claves acerca de lo que hace felices a las personas es un máxima y no está sujeto a la moda. En diferentes investigaciones se ha encontrado que acciones de compartir, pasar el tiempo con otros, así como tener bienes y otras cosas materiales, contribuye a la felicidad. Así, en la presente investigación se analizó durante el tiempo libre de las personas, la influencia de ambas conductas sobre la felicidad. Un total de 108 personas conformaron la muestra del estudio y los resultados indican que estar con los demás, ser generosos, ayudar, compartir, y en definitiva, desarrollar conductas prosociales, contribuye a una mayor felicidad que realizar conductas dirigidas a obtener, mantener y contar con bienes u otras cosas materiales. Se concluye que las personas son más felices durante su tiempo libre cuando realizan conductas prosociales a diferencia del hecho de tener o poseer bienes. En este sentido, la felicidad experimentada podría ser más duradera ya que depende de la conducta, motivación y voluntad de las personas. Finalmente, el presente trabajo presenta limitaciones en el tamaño de la muestra y su diseño transversal. Futuras investigaciones han de incrementar el tamaño de la muestra, así como incorporar diseños longitudinales para analizar los cambios en el tiempo y la influencia de ambas conductas en otros contextos. Abstract Research on happiness has been present in the literature, since finding the keys to what makes people happy is a maxim and does not go out of style. Different investigations suggest that sharing, spending time with others, and having material goods contribute to happiness. Thus, this investigation analyzed the influence of the prosocial and material behaviors on happiness during people’s free time. A total sample of 108 people was under study. Results show that being with others, being generous, helping, sharing, and, in short, developing prosocial behaviors, bring greater happiness than performing actions aimed at obtaining, maintaining, and have material goods. In conclusion, people are happier during their free time when they carry out prosocial behaviors than by the mere fact of having or owning assets, and the happiness experienced could last more over time as it depends on conduct, motivation, and will. Finally, this work has some limitations such as the sample size and its cross-sectional design. Future research should increase the sample size, as well as incorporate longitudinal designs to analyze changes over time and the influence of both behaviors in other contexts.

A firsthand report by a staff member from Soteria House. It tells the story of how human connection, “being with” is an approach to well-being, finding one’s way through psychosis.

Background Understanding quality of life and participation is a key aspect of occupational therapy research. The use of smartphones to deliver experience-sampling surveys may provide an accessible way to monitor these outcomes. This study used smartphone-based experience sampling methods (ESM) to investigate factors influencing momentary quality of life (mQOL) of university students. Methods A convenience sample of students at an Australian university participated. Using a custom smartphone application, ESM surveys were sent six to eight times, every second day, over a week. Participants indicated their mQOL, occupational participation, occupational enjoyment, social context and location via surveys and provided demographic and health information in a single self-report questionnaire. The relationship between mQOL and variables was analysed at the survey level using logistic regression. Results Forty students completed 391 surveys. Higher mQOL was significantly related to participation in productive occupations (z = 3.48; P = 0.001), moderate (z = 4.00; P

The present study aims to determine the underlying factors critical to the overall satisfaction (Templestay satisfaction) of local and foreign participants in South Korean Buddhist temple stay programs (hereafter, Templestay). A two-step multivariate procedure was performed where the data were first subjected to a factor analysis followed by structural equation model. The findings are congruent with three out of five research hypotheses. Moreover, the empirical evidence showed that there are no differences in reporting of Templestay satisfaction between Korean and international participants. Nevertheless, being with nature, self-growth, and relaxation are underlying factors that define satisfaction for Koreans. For international participants, being with nature and relaxation are significant. The study reveals that learning experience is a poor predictor of Templestay satisfaction. The practical implication of this research is that Templestay managers should focus on the factors that have the highe...

This chapter reviews the relational aspects of work, exploring how work functions to provide people with an opportunity to connect to others and, at times, to evoke distress in the workplace. Beginning with a review of the relational revolution in psychology, vignettes from the Boston College Working Project participants explicate how relationships function within the workplace, underscoring both adaptive and aversive aspects of relational influences, power differentials at work, work–family balance, and the internalization process. The chapter includes a review of recent contributions on attachment, social support, mentoring, and social networks, which reflect important new directions for understanding the ways in which being with others at work enhances aliveness and well-being. Policy implications pertaining to the need for people to have access to decent work that affirms relational strivings conclude the chapter.

Background The intention was to connect with young people who wouldn’t engage with a therapeutic group using drama and art. All felt very isolated, different to their peers and alone in grief after bereavements and significant losses (Di Ciacco, 2008). I recognised there could be benefit from a group experience. However, I found that they were too avoidant or emotionally fragile to engage with the usual psychotherapeutic group that we hold (Dowdney, 2000). Aims (i) To connect this group by putting on two short plays that were about loss and bereavement; (ii) To build confidence and resilience by handing over control of the plays and give them creative freedom and choice; (iii) To engage with the wider community and their peers. Method With the support of a local theatre director, we sourced some short youth plays that would facilitate talking and thinking about loss and bereavement by sharing the characters’ experiences in the plays. This would help the young people by externalising their feelings and putting themselves into the shoes of the characters (Curtis, 1999). The young people chose their roles e.g. to act, as stage manager, to make props or be sound technicians. This gave the young people a voice and purpose within the group. We managed to get local media students to join the group to evidence the process using video and photographs and help by giving confidence and self-worth. Conclusion The group were anxious about meeting expectations and how they would share experiences with strangers. By sharing and participating together, giving them control and allowing choice, the group started to form bonds. The group took risks, made suggestions and felt accepted. Six out of six children reported it helpful being with others that had experienced similar issues, one didn’t know. Five out of six children felt more confident after the youth plays.

In recent months and years, each of us has experienced the deaths of friends. Among the many thoughts and feelings which these losses provoke, we have found ourselves reflecting on the nature of friendship. It is often said that we choose our friends whereas we cannot choose our family of birth and we do so for a number of reasons. Friends (at least, those we value) are people we enjoy being with, for the most part anyway; they are people with whom we feel a connection even if at first sight we may not appear to have much in common; they are often people with whom we share interests; they are people who will help us out when we have a problem and to whom we expect to be able to turn in times of real trouble; above all, good friends are people whom we trust—and this may be the ultimate test of the strength of a friendship. These qualities may be present in a relatively new but intensively pursued friendship or with someone we have known for a long time but now see infrequently; some people like to refer to their ‘oldest friend’. Friendship in the modern world has taken a number of different turns, however. As families come in all shapes and sizes, so also, in certain lifestyles, friends are ‘like family’ or indeed closer. There can be no greater test of friendship than when a friend gives themselves to being with and caring for a friend at the end of life. In our intimate relationships, we increasingly hear one partner refer to the other as ‘my best friend’. Yet the term proliferates in social media to identify a quite different relationship, including the ability to ‘unfriend’ someone at the click of a mouse. Interestingly, we recently published an article in the BritishJournal ofSocialWork which found that, at the end of the day, it was the traditional friendships pursued offline by which young people set the most store (Sen, 2016).

This research investigated the impacts of social media use while being with a partner on the perception of relationship problems experienced by the other partner. The results from the partial least squares regression indicated that individuals who perceived that their partners used social media excessively tended to report a higher perception of lack of caring, loneliness, and jealousy. However, only lack of caring was found to be the key reason that significantly explained the intention to break up. In addition, the analysis of the moderating effect revealed interesting evidence showing that the perception of relationship problems associated with social media use of own partners appeared to be more severe for the respondents who reported that they used social media less intensively than their partners. Conversely, for the respondents who reported that they used social media to a greater degree than their partners, the impacts on the perceived relationship problems were significantly lessened.

Noting that the bearing and presence of a chaplain in being with bereaved parents is as important as the provision of liturgy and ritual, this article argues that chaplaincy would benefit from an engagement with virtue ethics. The article begins by suggesting that many of the situations a chaplain encounters are too complex for principle based ethical approaches and outlines the merit of a “virtue-based” approach. As part of this the concept of a “regulative ideal,” as a way to understand how character regulates decision making, is discussed and “engendering an encounter with hope” proposed as a regulative ideal for chaplains supporting bereaved parents. Following this, the article proposes three virtues - attentiveness, openness and probity – as being key to the character of a chaplain. Finally, the article supports the call for case studies of chaplaincy work and argues for greater use of mentoring and shadowing within chaplaincy.

Twenty-five years of involvement with a multidisciplinary oncology unit and being with dying patients from the inception of disease till death have given me a rich understanding of their needs and expectations. While physical needs and pain often dominate the discourse around death, caregivers need to acknowledge the equally significant but less obvious psychological, spiritual and existential concerns that affect patients’ emotional well-being as they progress towards death. Understanding patient needs and expectations in the framework of physical, psychological, social, spiritual and existential needs may enable caregivers to organise the necessary support and interventions that will facilitate a dignified process of dying.

© 2017, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. Previous research on children’s and adolescents’ well-being at school has been focused on the possible determinants. However, no previous research has analysed children’s and adolescents’ lay-beliefs or conceptualizations of happiness at school. In the present work, we studied children’s (N = 104, 9–10-year-olds) and adolescents’ (N = 113, 15–16-year-olds) conceptualizations of happiness at school and its link with self-reported happiness (assessed 3 months later) and academic achievement (assessed 7 months later). For both samples, seven conceptualizations emerged: happiness as ‘being with friends’, ‘being praised’, ‘getting good grades’, ‘learning’, ‘leisure’, ‘enjoyment’, and ‘helping’. Age differences appeared for the conceptualizations of ‘being friends’ and ‘helping’, as children mentioned significantly more the former and adolescents the latter. No gender differences emerged. For adolescents, the conceptualizations of happiness at school as ‘being with friends’, ‘being praised’, ‘helping’, and not ‘having leisure time’ were positively related to self-reported happiness, which was positively related to academic achievement. For children, none of the conceptualizations were positively related to self-reported happiness. The conceptualization of happiness as ‘learning’ was positively related to academic achievement. The results are discussed in regards to their implications for children’s and adolescents’ well-being at school. ispartof: JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES vol:19 issue:6 pages:1811-1830 status: published

INTRODUCTION: There have been considerable changes in the concept and meaning of fatherhood in the past few decades and a lot of studies has down in this area, but there is no information about fathering and fatherhood from Iranian perspective, thus present study designed to explore the men's understanding of fathering and paternal role during their first year of transition to parenthood. METHOD: This phenomenological study included accounts of 17 Iranian fathers, who had experienced fathering for the first time. Data was analyzed using the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach.RESULTS: The results reveal that a father is a man who reproduces a child and accepts the responsibility for supporting his family as the fulcrum. A father is a good-tempered, faithful, patient and hardworking man with essential knowledge and proficiency. A father should accept his role as the father. He is also expected to participate actively in dealing with family daily issues, value and promote the health and well-being of his children, and have skills of self-management and self-care.CONCLUSION: Iranian fathers not only committed to play their traditional roles and responsibilities, but also welcome new roles such as constantly being with their children and providing emotional support to them.

This article takes up the problem of unintentional sin in Psalms 19, 90, and 119 to ask what it was like to be a psalmist on the issue of moral agency. In contrast to some reconstructions of ancient Israelite (and Near Eastern) religion, I argue that concerns about intentionality—specifically its lack—indicate that the psalmists were not akin to philosophical zombies: what psalmists did mattered along with how they did it, with knowledge or without. I situate this psalmic way of being with reference to sin vis-à-vis Carol Newsom's work on moral agency in the Hebrew Bible, arguing that moral agency in the Psalms (at least on this matter) nuances some of the categories offered thus far.

TThe purpose of this study was to explore the reasons why colle ge students use Facebook and the ways in which they feel of social presence while using Facebook. In fact, the study aimed to spec ify the links between motivations for using SNS and a sense of ‘being together’. The findings of this study suggest that major motivations of SNS use were social interaction, entertainment, self-presentation, and information-seeking. Specifically, results from a survey of 280 respondents revealed that college students used Facebook to seek maintenance and connection with friends, to express themselves, to get information about school activities, and to be entertained. These findings are consistent with the existing literature rega rding SNS as a primary channel to maintain the existing social relationships among college students. The study also found that all motivation factors, except information-seeking factor, were positively and significantly related to social presence. The strongest correlations were between social presence and Facebook use for social interaction and entertainment needs. It seemed that users who seek social interaction and entertainment needs are more likely to feel a sense of being with others while users who seek to get information are less likely to feel a sense of social presence. These findings implied that to some extent, a sense of social presence occurs in the context of Facebook and that the experience of social presence depends on what college students seek from Facebook use. In addition, the results showed a positive relationship between Facebook use and social presence; the more college students use Facebook, the more they are likely to experience sense of social presence. Given that Facebook provides college students with a place wher e they can share thought and feelings among friends, it can be concluded that Facebook contributes to the sense of belonging among users. And such feeling may enhance a sense of presence with others while using Facebook. These findings suggest that uses and gratifications researchers should consider the concept of social presence as an important variable in explaining what audience m embers do with media. ☞ keyword : Facebook, Motivations, Social presence, Awareness of the others

El deporte en el ámbito escolar, en muchas ocasiones es un reflejo del deporte rendimiento o federado que se da actualmente en la sociedad, cuando se supone que la mayoría de los niños principalmente escoge el deporte como disfrute o por estar con los amigos. Por ello, consideramos importante conocer la opinión que tiene los padres y madres acerca del deporte en edad escolar que practican sus hijos. El objeto del presente estudio es diseñar y validar un cuestionario para padres y madres con el fin de conocer sus actitudes e implicaciones en el deporte de sus hijos, concretamente en las Escuelas Deportivas Municipales de Sevilla.Por esta razón en el presente artículo se muestra la construcción y validación de un cuestionario a través de diferentes fases: la validación del cuestionario por parte de expertos, la redacción del cuestionario definitivo y el estudio piloto y el registro de los datos para el proceso de fiabilidad.Abstract: Sport in schools is, often, a reflection of professional sport that currently takes place in our society, when it is assumed that most children choose sports as mostly or enjoy being with friends. Thus, we consider it important to know the opinion that parents have about sports in school age that their children practice. The objective of the present study was to design and validate a questionnaire for parents in order to know what their perceptions, behaviors and attitudes regarding the sport of their children, concretely in the Municipal Sports Academies in Sevilla. For this reason, this article shows the construction and validation of a questionnaire in different phases: the validation of the questionnaire through the experts, the draft of the definitive questionnaire and the pilot study and the record of the information for the process of reliability.

Attachment theory has played an important role as a framework for exploring and explaining parent–child relationships and the impact of early relationships on child and adult development. This review focuses on our evolving understanding of attachment theory related to father–child relationships during the early childhood years. The history of research questions about fathers and the attachment process are reviewed with attention to the changing social context. A family model of attachment research as it relates to fathers is presented. The article reviews the practice literature and the application to parent and family education. A final section addresses future directions for research and practice and the integrations of family systems, neuroscience, and ecological theory with attachment theory.

Item does not contain fulltext Background: Heavy alcohol use is common among young adults on weekend nights and is assumed to be intentional. However, little is known about the extent to which heavy consumption is planned prior to the onset of drinking and what factors contribute to drinking more than intended. This study investigates drinking intentions at the beginning of an evening and individual and situational factors associated with a subsequent consumption over the course of multiple nights. Methods: Using a smartphone application, 176 young people aged 16 to 25 (mean age = 19.1; 49% women) completed questionnaires on drinking intentions, consumption, and drinking environments before, during, and after multiple Friday and Saturday nights (n = 757). Multilevel regressions were used to investigate individual-level and night-level factors associated with previous drinking intentions and subsequent deviations from intentions. Results: Participants intended to consume 2.5 drinks (SD = 2.8) per night yet consumed 3.8 drinks (SD = 3.9) on average. Drinking intentions were higher among those who frequently went out at night and engaged in more frequent predrinking. Participants drank more than intended on 361 nights (47.7%). For both genders, the number of drinks consumed before 8 pm, attending multiple locations, and being with larger groups of friends contributed to higher consumption than intended at the individual and the night levels. Heavier consumption than intended also occurred when drinking away from home for men and when going to nightclubs for women. Conclusions: Making young adults aware of the tendency to drink more than intended, particularly when drinking begins early in the evening, moves from location to location, and includes large groups of friends, may be a fruitful prevention target. Structural measures, including responsible beverage service, may also help in preventing excessive drinking at multiple locations. 9 p.

This chapter examines the role of mindfulness within restorative justice practices. Restorative justice values the importance of addressing both inter and intrapersonal conflict and pain within a healing or restorative framework. Mindfulness practices emphasize staying with or being with ‘what is’ and experiencing the present moment without averting attention from difficult emotions or dialogue. Although many exceptional circle keepers/facilitators may intuitively or purposefully incorporate mindfulness practices, there has been a notable absence of research about the formal integration of the two practices. The example and suggestions in this chapter provide a framework for that integration.

Individuals in close relationships may perceive changes to their self-concepts as a result of being with their partners. According to the two-dimensional model of relational self-change, these changes occur across two dimensions, namely direction, which reflects whether the self-concept has gained or lost content, and valence, which reflects whether the self-concept content is positive or negative. These two dimensions combine to create four distinct self-change processes, whereby individuals gain positive traits (self-expansion), gain negative traits (self-adulteration), lose positive traits (self-contraction), and lose negative traits (self-pruning). Study 1 used a longitudinal design and revealed that changes in each of the four self-processes were associated with subsequent relationship satisfaction and commitment. To further investigate the association of self-change with relationship quality, Study 2 found that processes associated with self-concept improvement (i.e., self-expansion and self-pruning) were positively associated with relationship maintenance behaviors and motivations (e.g., accommodation, forgiveness, and willingness to sacrifice), whereas processes associated with self-concept degradation (i.e., self-contraction and self-adulteration) were negatively associated with these outcomes and positively associated with behaviors that may harm the relationship (e.g., dissolution considerations, attention to alternatives, and seeking revenge).

Relatives’ experiences during the dying process of a loved one The purpose of this essay is to explore the relatives’ experiences of being with their loved ones during the dying process. Research question: How do relatives experience being with their loved ones during the dying process? Within a phenomenological hermeneutical framework the personal experiences of the author are interpreted. Essay as a method of critical investigation is used. Relatives may experience the situation strongly existential, being stuck in dilemmas, thus making them less responsive to the actions of the nurses. This challenges nurses to be aware and to put efforts in trying to understand the other and develop their ability to be sensitive and receptive. Whoever is silent, will hear. Being attentive to silence may be a useful approach in order to being emotionally present to the other.

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the various dimensions of self-esteem and five domains of adjustment of traditional university freshmen (N=83) in the first semester of their Masters program. Bivariate correlational analysis indicated a positive relationship of global self-esteem with over-all adjustment, as well as with other areas of adjustment, with the highest correlation being with academic adjustment. The self-esteem variables of competence, lovability, personal power, moral self-approval and body functioning were found to be significantly related to all the areas of adjust ment. Likability, body appearance and defensive self-enhancement were significantly related to some but not all adjustment areas. Self-control and identity integration were not significantly related to any of the areas of adjustment. The importance of understanding the multidimensional aspects of self-esteem and adjustment to design effective measures of counselling and guidance is discussed.

The current work examines some notable women in existential psychology, with a discussion of their contributions to the field and how they incorporated the work of previous existential philosophers and clinicians. The analyses are based on their own writings, dating back to the 1950s, as well as some secondary source material that reviewed their work. What the research reveals is first that there are many more women in the history of existential psychology than most people currently know about—especially from the 1950s and 1960s. Second, the “feminine” version of existential psychology really stresses the emphasis on depth, presence, and being. Even nonexistential theorists, including Winnicott and Guntrip noted that this idea of being with rather than doing for the client splits along gender lines—feminine for “being” and masculine for “doing.” But in a world where the many of the existential psychologists currently practicing are male—in 2011, the Society for Humanistic Psychology had 60.8% male members to only 39% female—bringing this feminine component to existential therapy by introducing the work of these female practitioners is vital to make existential psychotherapy a richer practice not just for women but for everyone.

Adolescents are experiencing an increasing number of psychological difficulties due to mental fatigue and stress. Natural environments have been found to be beneficial to psychological wellbeing by reducing stress and improving mood and concentration for most people. However, a number of studies have suggested that this may not be the case for adolescents perhaps because they have different social and emotional needs (to be with friends, not to be bored), although evidence is lacking. In a field experiment with 120 16-18 year olds in the UK we tested restoration of stress and mental fatigue in an outdoor or indoor environment, alone, with a friend or while playing a game on a mobile phone. The findings showed greater restoration amongst adolescents who had been in an outdoor setting containing natural elements, compared with those who had been in an indoor one. Moreover, being with a friend considerably increased positive affect in nature for this age group. The findings indicated that spending short school breaks in a natural environment with a friend can have a significant positive impact on the psychological wellbeing of teenagers.

We live and practice in a rapidly changing world in which people demand democracy, their human rights and social justice, and want to have a voice in concerns that affect their lives. Such changes and demands require practitioners to step back and reflect on their practices and find ways to keep our practices in sync with these. This article presents collaborative practice, a dialogic conversational therapy, as a response. It discusses the assumptions on which the practice is based and the implications for the practitioner's stance. Two examples of clients' experiences and descriptions of a consultation session illustrate the transformational nature of such conversations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Dr. Shoshani (Rosenbaum) works to establish an environment in which Daniel can nurture his need and ability to sustain relatedness. Together they generate, on a pre-symbolic level, a patterned way of being with each other. This shared implicit relationship sustains Daniel's growth but, I believe, also works to mask both the presence of aggression and awareness of the absent father. Specifically, I am interested in exploring the analyst's use self in the implicit domain, as this moves to restrict, or expand, the range of affective experience lived in the analytic space.

While the Minnesota 4-H Club program has grown over 29% in the last six years, annually over 25% of youth do not re-enroll. The Minnesota 4-H Retention Study asked youth who left the program why they decided to join, stay and ultimately leave 4-H. Data from 220 youth were examined to better understand the reasons for and relationship between youth joining and staying in 4-H and their reasons for leaving 4-H. Youth joined 4-H because they wanted to have fun, try new things, and participate in projects and fairs. Top reasons they stayed in 4-H were they liked being with other kids, had fun, and learned new things. Primary reasons youth left were they lost interest in 4-H or became involved in other activities. Examining the relationships revealed that paying particular attention to youth experiences in project learning and teaching, relationships with adults, and youth having fun will increase retention.

This paper introduces the use of parent-infant psychotherapy and art therapy in the exploration of a pathological merger. This is the case of Janis, whose separation-individuation problems from her own mother became exacerbated by the birth of her infant daughter. Becoming a new mother first awakened the experience of Janis's traumatic past which prevented her from enjoying her new baby. Being with her baby, in my presence, helped Janis face and ultimately overcome her intense anxieties about being a mother. Art therapy was used as an additional ego support to the mother, which enriched the evolution of symbol formation.

Adolescents take more risks in the presence of their peers, but the mechanism through which peer presence affects risky decision-making is unknown. We propose that the presence of peers increases the salience of the immediate rewards of a risky choice. The current study examined the effect of peer presence on reward sensitivity in a sample of 100 late adolescents ages 18 through 20 (M=18.5) using a delay discounting task, which assesses an individual's preference for immediate versus delayed rewards. Participants were randomly assigned to complete the task alone or with 2 same-age, same-sex peers observing. Consistent with our prediction, adolescents demonstrated a greater preference for immediate rewards when with their peers than when alone. Heightened risk taking by adolescents in the company of their friends may be due in part to the effect that being with one's peers has on reward sensitivity.

Families and their dying members have notably unmet needs. This is in large part due to health professionals being unprepared to be authentic (emotionally appropriate, purposive, and responsible) in end-of-life encounters. Martin Heidegger’s interpretive phenomenology informed this study, providing background, structures, language, and metaphors to interpret narratives for patterns of authentic being-with dying among nurses who attend to dying. Semistructured interviews elicited tacit knowledge imbedded in the experiences of those nurses and showed how they comport themselves in end-of-life situations. Patterns emerged in a presence of authentic being-with dying, which assisted persons in their transitions toward a peaceful death. Patterns are explicated in a 5-point framework, which paralleled Heidegger’s structures of authentic being-toward-death.

This single case study design describes the process in the care and treatment of Martin, a 28‐year‐old man with a learning disability and a diagnosis of emotionally unstable personality disorder within a medium secure unit for people with learning disabilities and associated difficulties. The purpose of this project was to make clear the links between understanding the personal phenomenology through formulation and therapy and the usefulness of this ‘knowledge’ in helping to guide difficulties, impasse and nurture positive relationships. The central theory underpinning treatment was cognitive analytic therapy (CAT), with an emphasis on the relational components and shared formulation.

Befriending is an ‘everyday solution’ (Raynes et al, 2005) based on a tried and tested recipe; take one person who would like some company, add a second person who likes being with other people and has spare time and mix together. The result is something both people can enjoy and benefit from. Here, Kathleen Gillett and Melanie Dixon explain how a new initiative called ‘VitalLinks’ is supporting and promoting befriending for older people and consider how befriending enhances well‐being.

The common meaning and principles of psychoanalysis confirm that what is "real" is objective, recognized by the senses and defined by the Ego, creating an anthropological koine which is universal, a common language, beyond dialects, in which subject and object are reciprocally confirmed. In this prospective "reality testing" is the undisputable proof which draws a line between true and false, between normal and pathological deviance, between fantasy and categorical thought. Today this principle is being upset by the micro- and macro-physical sciences, by neuroscience, anthropology, philosophy and, lastly, by some currants of psychology. All of these disciplines, with obviously diverse methods, are oriented toward investigating the meaning of reality testing, that is, the questions about being and about presence that accompany man from the cradle to the grave, from his appearance as a species to his unthinkable becoming. This essay will explore some anthropopoietic (Remotti) processes, some forms of the autopoiesis of the human system in its transit from experiences of absolute confluence with the senses, to experiences of belonging to categories that confine it to closed identities (individual and collective), to experiences of aperture to the "Other" which reciprocally render Other one’s own Self. But contrary to a linear vision of the development of man’s self-formation, these forms of experience, even if prevailing each in a particular age, interpenetrate in various ways during all of existence in the sense that the Real loses its univocal characterization to become a combination of different apparitions, for the most part contradictory: a mystery which is incapable of being saturated. This "self-formation" is an expression of the anthropological necessity of "being with" (Heidegger’s Mit-da-sein), for which the group (historical, contingent, ideal) is the occasion for the Real to appear in its most diverse revelations, each capable of producing extremely varied changes, both in range and in persistence, in the individual and collective identities. In the conclusion a group experience is narrated, with relative even if partial documentation, in which it is possible to retrace some key aspects of the preceding theoretic presentation in a real life situation.

Using data from a national survey of adults in Taiwan, this study explored how often older adults participate in and how much they enjoy 2 mostly-solitary leisure activities (reading books and watching TV/DVDs/videos) and 2 mostly-social leisure activities (socializing with friends and engaging in physical activities). According to ordinal regression analyses of these 4 dependent variables, individual characteristics (such as age, health, education level, and rural/urban residence) significantly contributed to older adults' leisure participation and enjoyment. More importantly, such participation and enjoyment also varied by the extent of sociability (social contacts, a preference for being with others, and a desire for making friends through leisure activities).

Truth is an enormously complex concept. For any person at any point in time, the truth is relative to their beliefs, perspective and context. This article explores some concepts relating to truth under three broad headings. First, the potentially competing truths that patients and professionals have, and the contexts in which they interact. Second, the ways in which culture, language and approaches to knowledge may construct truth. Finally, the concepts of ‘being with’ patients and spirituality are suggested as essential to working with patients as they navigate truth.

This article examines the issue of ‘ubiquitous connectivity’ on the Internet. The Internet, combined with the wireless technologies, is said to have made it possible for ‘anyone to contact anyone else anywhere at anytime’, but such ubiquity of connectivity has failed to materialize in actual human contact. Drawing on Goffman and Giddens's theories of human interaction, the authors make a distinction between co-location, which is a spatial relationship among individuals, and copresence, a social relationship. While co-location puts people within range of each other, copresence renders people mutually accessible for contact. However, the establishment of copresence is normatively regulated in society, which demarcates different regions of space for different types of activity. Social contact takes place in a domain where copresence is affected not only by the regionality of contact but also by the power relations that underlie personal affinity and social engagement. It is concluded that so long as there ar...