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This research examines the difference in rolling out COVID vaccines in China and the United States amid increased political tension. Additionally, considered is the impact of these nations' actions on Latin American countries; for example, This research takes a closer look at the social and economic impacts in these countries as well as the manner and motivations in which China and the United States offered to help other nations during the pandemic. Examples include Venezuela, El Salvador, Paraguay, Brazil, Ecuador, and Honduras. Specifically, China used strategic diplomacy, and the United States disregarded regions it did not value. On the other hand, China seemed to have quicker responses and succeeded in filling empty power vacuums. Furthermore, has the success of these nations' vaccine policies changed the global power distribution? As a result, China was able to benefit from deteriorating international relationships. Additionally, China flexed its influence to leverage diplomacy over the countries as the United States struggled with execution. Has the pandemic revealed a global power shift or the strengths and weaknesses of dominant nations?. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. To determine the specifics of the impact of IT use on the economic and social spheres in Ukraine. To develop a mathematical model for evaluating and forecasting the impact of IT on these areas. Methodology. General and special methods of cognition were used in the research: mathematical formalization for evaluating and forecasting the impact of IT on the economic and social spheres, correlation analysis – to establish multiplicative relationships of parameters and basic functions; comparison – to establish the nature of the IT impact on the social and economic spheres; analogies – to analyze the level of IT development in Ukraine and other countries; quantitative and qualitative comparison to analyze the level of social Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) use at enterprises by types of economic activity. Findings. It is proved that there are limiting factors to the growth of the positive IT impact, in particular the average level of income per capita. This is also evidenced by the comparison of agricultural and industrial regions of Ukraine, which indicated a significant gap in the introduction of IT in the countryside and the city. The weaknesses and successes of Ukraine in the implementation of IT are identified. The causes of hampering the positive impact of IT use on the development of social and economic spheres are indicated. A significant level of differentiation in the use of IT by business by types of technologies was proven. Originality. The peculiarities of the IT impact on the economic and social spheres in Ukraine are determined. The main feature is balancing between the development of IT technologies and social sphere and the state of stagnation of this process. A mathematical model for evaluating and forecasting the IT impact on the economic and social spheres has been developed; the intermediate results of its use have been given. Practical value. Recommendations for removing obstacles to the implementation of IT in Ukrainian social and economic spheres have been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Paper reviews changes taking place in the cryptocurrency market after the introduction of further sanctions on the Russian financial market. The author notes that cryptocurrencies are used more and more often by companies operating in Russia. The cryptocurrency market remains largely beyond control despite the AML area. It is a source of many threats of money laundering. The paper recapitulates the status of the global trade market choosing settlement cryptocurrency in the context of anti-money laundering. Methodology: The analysis was based on reports on the market quotation of popular cryptocurrencies. Findings: The paper includes definitions of new challenges for AML areas. Practical implications: (if applicable) What outcomes and implications for practice, applications and consequences are identified? How will the research impact the business or enterprise? What changes to practice should be made as a result of this research? What is the commercial or economic impact? Not all papers will have practical implications. Social implications: The application of the proposed solutions will improve the security systems of financial sector institutions. Originality/value: The paper provides guidance on how to assess institutional capacity and support the anti-money laundering process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the changing nature of quality employment in the United States, considering the social and economic consequences of neoliberal policies on the quality and availability of good jobs. Neoliberalism and its policies have profoundly influenced the American economy and impaired the socioeconomic landscape. Access to quality employment is a critical component of the future of work, as it shapes worker identities and empowers them to meet household needs. Quality employment can curb rising inequality, reduce job polarization, close urban-rural divides, and halt the corrosion of trust in American social democracy. This paper proposes a new conceptual and analytical approach to evaluating trends and structural changes in quality employment across American industries. The analytical framework involves a composite indicator — the Quality Employment Index (QEI) — that measures industries' capacity to offer quality employment relative to one another. We use the QEI to rank fifteen American manufacturing industries from 2001 to 2018, and evaluate them in the context of the U.S. political economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The Australian prisoner population has experienced a dramatic increase in the number of older inmates over the past decade, consistent with the greying of the prisoner population that is being observed worldwide. Reviews suggest the need for further evidence and practice outside of the USA. This paper aims to review and discuss the cost and social implications of the rising health-care needs of this population in Australia. Design/methodology/approach: A review of international research and policies is presented, as well as the results of basic economic modelling relating to the expected rise in health-care costs of the ageing prisoner population in Australia. Findings: Taking into consideration the continued rise in incarceration rates, the calculations show that the health costs of prisoners could increase by anywhere between 17% and 90% depending on whether the increase of older prisoners continues as it has in the past decade. These trends are likely to continue over the next decade and will result in higher health costs of prisons under a number of different imprisonment scenarios. Policy responses in Australia have been slow so far, with most initiatives being undertaken in the USA with promising results. Practical implications: The authors suggest that in the absence of a coordinated policy response, covering a range of interventions, costs will continue to increase, particularly as this population continues to age more rapidly than the general population due to an accumulation of risk factors. Well-conceived interventions would be a worthwhile investment from both financial and social perspectives. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first commentary to acknowledge this rising public health issue and to both review and model its implications for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the security and political dimensions of the relationship between Egypt and the Gaza Strip. In addition, it analyses the economic and social impacts of this relationship under Hamas rule. It uses three approaches to meet its goal: descriptive, comparative, and historical. The study consists of seven sections: legislative elections, ending the division, prisoner swap, border tunnels, attacking border, Rafah crossing, and Israeli aggression. The study concluded several results, including that Egypt established its relations with Hamas on a de facto basis. However, these relations were limited to the security framework, considering Hamas's control over the Gaza Strip. In addition, Egypt has also proven its ability to play an essential role in mediating between Israel and Hamas to conclude a prisoner exchange deal and reach a truce after the rounds of Israeli aggression on Gaza. Finally, Egypt's behavior ignored the resistance's smuggling of weapons and goods through the tunnels during the intensified blockade on Gaza. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article attempts to explore the impacts of 'social remittances' on the economic activities of households belonging to labour migrants who migrate from a village of Bangladesh to Malaysia on temporary contractual basis. It reveals that there has been a clear difference of social remittance impacts on the economic activities between the first-cycle migrants and the repeat-cycle migrants. The economic activities of first-cycle migrants are not impacted by social remittances while the economic activities of repeat-cycle migrants are limitedly impacted. In understanding the dynamics of social remittance impacts, the article applies a conceptual framework of 'social remittances' explained by Peggy Levitt and rationalises it through migration governance of Malaysia and some factors, directly and indirectly related to migration governance, and other factors. The study conducts in-depth interviews on 20 first-cycle and repeat-cycle migrants who were from Madhupur Village of Bangladesh in 2011 and revisited the village in 2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the social, economic and environmental impacts of an integrated farming model in Sindu Agung Village, Mangkutana Subdistrict East Luwu District and will take place from April to June 2021. This study uses quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis methods. To assess the social impact used descriptive quantitative analysis and social capital with an ordinal scale. To determine the economic impact using revenue analysis, income and business feasibility analysis and labor efficiency, while the environmental impact using descriptive analysis. The results show that the social impact is known from the characteristics of farmers and social capital includes most of the farmers involved in integrated and monoculture farming of productive age, highly educated, farming duration of 1-10 years, land area of ownership <1 ha and the number of dependents of the family 4-8. person. The social capital of the integrated and monoculture farming model consists of trust and concern for others and the environment in the high and moderate categories, social networks and proactive actions in the high category, and social norms in the moderately high category. The economic impact is known from the income and income of farmers in integrated farming which is higher with an annual income of IDR 633,378,000 and an income of IDR 294,731,000 compared to monoculture with an income of IDR 19,900,000 - 409,500,000 and an income of IDR 8,075,500 - 126,166,667. The value of the R/C ratio of integrated farming is 1.87, while that of monoculture is 1.39 to 3.50. The level of labor efficiency in integrated farming is between 0.0044 to 45.74 while in monoculture it is between 0.05 to 44.82. The labor productivity index for integrated farming is IDR 40,451/HKO to 1,073,888/HKO while monoculture farming is 137,037/HKO up to 15,933,193/HKO. The environmental impact of both integrated and monoculture farming models can be seen from the waste produced. Waste generated by integrated farming includes straw, bran, husks, rotten tomatoes and chicken manure. Meanwhile, in monoculture farming, only some wastes such as straw, kangkung plantation residues and chicken manure are utilized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inclusive growth and development are essential for the sustainability of poverty reduction and growth. Social protection has been promoted as part of the inclusive growth and development agenda by emphasising the positive impacts of social transfers on people's participation in economic processes. However, the focus on the positive economic impacts of social transfers has led to the neglect of concerns regarding inequality of opportunity. Taking the case of Uganda's Senior Citizens Grant, this paper critically assesses how inclusive the impacts of social transfers are on economic processes. This is done by examining the extent to which local economic structures interplay with the impacts of the Grant. Based on a qualitative case study design, the analysis reveals that the scheme has unwittingly reinforced spatial patterns of economic exclusion and disadvantage. Recipients in remote areas are more likely to stay or fall back into poverty compared to people in integrated areas. For social transfers to contribute to inclusive growth and development for all, it will be vital to invest in complementary development interventions in economically disadvantaged areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Transfer pricing has largely been viewed in the context of crossborder transactions of multinational enterprises. Zimbabwe recently revised its transfer pricing rules to include domestic transactions. This study sought to explore the challenges and implications of transfer pricing legislation for SMEs. Methodology: A qualitative inquiry is applied with the use of in-depth interviews and a questionnaire survey. Thematic analysis was used to analyse both interview and questionnaire data. Findings: The findings revealed that the paradox of observing fairness as a canon of taxation by equally taxing domestic and cross-border transactions has both economic and social implications for the Zimbabwean economy. It was evident that SMEs find themselves unduly burdened with compliance costs, capacity limitations as well as knowledge constraints in complying with the rules. Originality or Value: The implications of transfer pricing rules on SMEs have not been explored in the Zimbabwean context. The study explores a critical sector that has often been neglected in the transfer pricing discourse. It recommends that the government revisit the applicability of domestic transfer pricing legislation to SMEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seismic risk analysis is necessary to mitigate the potential losses resulting from future earthquakes and supplement scientific risk management. In order to assist systematic evaluation and management of risk, it is indispensable to interpret risk in terms of social and economic consequences due to hazardous events like earthquakes. There is an interrelationship between hazards, physical risk, and the social characteristics of populations. Therefore, based on the existing studies focusing on each of these aspects, this paper presents the integrated seismic risk assessment along the subdivisional administrative units of Nepal using 2011 census data. The administrative unit "provinces" are subdivided into districts and each district into municipalities and village development committees (VDCs). The districts, municipalities, and VDCs were considered as our study units. In this paper, the physical or seismic risk was evaluated from the exposure model, hazard curves, and the vulnerability model of the country, whereas the social vulnerability was assessed using social vulnerability index (SoVI) methods. To formulate the physical risk, the assets used were five types of buildings under the exposure model. This model was combined with the physical vulnerability functions of the building and the hazard curves of the country. The result of the physical risk has been presented as annual average loss (AAL). Similarly, among 92 social vulnerability variables, 54 variables were reduced to 7 weighted parameters using principal component analysis (PCA). The scores of a total of 45 parameters were used to evaluate the SoVI index, which was further combined with the physical risk to evaluate integrated risk. The results showed that populated cities like Kathmandu, Hetauda, and Janakpur have a highly integrated risk index. Similarly, the Terai region bordering its neighbor India and some parts of the central hilly region are highly vulnerable, while most parts of the mountainous region in the central and eastern regions are the least vulnerable. The results from the present study can be utilized as a part of a comprehensive risk management framework at the district level to recuperate and recover from earthquakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to draw a comprehensive image of the relationship between life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) impact using the three dimensions, namely life cycle costing (LCC), life cycle assessment (LCA), and social life cycle (SLC), and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). By systematically reviewing and analyzing 43 articles from 17 different peer-reviewed journals between 1998 and 2021, the analysis shows that SOFC-related applications may substantially contribute to a cleaner energy sector in the future via high-level temperature power generation. The result indicated that SOFCs have better implications for environmental performance, as well as being the least cost-effective option for commercially competitive purposes. The review revealed several gaps in the literature; several studies assessed LCA using particular or very few indicators, and the few indicators may not sufficiently assess the environmental impact of SOFCs. Further, limited studies shed the light on the association between SLC and SOFCs. Future LCSA studies ought to adopt dynamic criteria, especially environmental impact analysis considering social and economic factors, to enable a feasible comparison of results. Future studies should also target various industrial sectors in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Risk-taking behaviours are a major contributor to youth morbidity and mortality. Vulnerability to these negative outcomes is constructed from individual behaviour including risktaking, and from social context, ecological determinants, early life experience, developmental capacity and mental health, contributing to a state of higher risk. However, although risktaking is part of normal adolescent development, there is no systematic way to distinguish young people with a high probability of serious adverse outcomes, hindering the capacity to screen and intervene. This study aims to explore the association between risk behaviours/states in adolescence and negative health, social and economic outcomes through young adulthood. Methods: The Raine Study is a prospective cohort study which recruited pregnant women in 1989-91, in Perth, Western Australia. The offspring cohort (N = 2,868) was followed up at regular intervals from 1 to 27 years of age. These data will be linked to State government health and welfare administrative data. We will empirically examine relationships across multiple domains of risk (for example, substance use, sexual behaviour, driving) with health and social outcomes (for instance, roadcrash injury, educational underachievement). Microsimulation models will measure the impact of risk-taking on educational attainment and labour force outcomes. Discussion: Comprehensive preventive child health programmes and policy prioritise a healthy start to life. This is the first linkage study focusing on adolescence to adopt a multi-domain approach, and to integrate health economic modelling. This approach captures a more complete picture of health and social impacts of risk behaviour/states in adolescence and young adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study identifies how aid has contributed to economic and social development in recipient African countries. Spatial panel models were employed for the analysis, considering spatial autocorrelation of panel data between 42 countries and nine years from 2005 to 2013. Based on the regression results, the aid itself had a weak impact on recipients' GDP per capita and Human Development Index. On the other hand, according to the interaction term, aid promoted economic and social development along with affirmative government efficiency. The efficient and centralized administrative system and civic accountability also improved the aggregated well-being level in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online marketplaces are growing rapidly globally. They have the potential to significantly benefit women; however, these benefits are not guaranteed. A lack of information on the benefits of or how to participate in online marketplaces could mean womenʼs participation is at an inefficiently low level. Participation could also bring about unintended consequences. We introduce this special issue of Asia and the Pacific Policy Studies on the social and economic benefits of online marketplaces for women in Asia. In this introduction, we set the context for the special issue, then provide an overview of its seven papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We synthesize the literature on the recent rise of populism. First, we discuss definitions and present descriptive evidence on the recent increase in support for populists. Second, we cover the historical evolution of populist regimes since the late nineteenth century. Third, we discuss the role of secular economic factors related to cross-border trade and automation. Fourth, we review studies on the role of the 2008–09 global financial crisis and subsequent austerity, connect them to historical work covering the Great Depression, and discuss likely mechanisms. Fifth, we discuss studies on identity politics, trust, and cultural backlash. Sixth, we discuss economic and cultural consequences of growth in immigration and the recent refugee crisis. We also discuss the gap between perceptions and reality regarding immigration. Seventh, we review studies on the impact of the internet and social media. Eighth, we discuss the literature on the implications of populism's recent rise. We conclude outlining avenues for further research. (JEL D72, E32, G01, J15, N30, N40, Z13) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given Hong Kong's unique high-density urban environment and limited land resources, more and more general public has been concerned about the living quality. Based on three waves of census data (2006, 2011 and 2016), combined with our spatial–temporal urban environmental database consisting of three local datasets of urban climate and air quality, this paper assesses the impacts of social, economic and environmental factors on the logarithm of housing prices in Hong Kong through linear regression analysis. Specifically, both supply- and demand-side economic factors have significant impacts on housing prices. Demographic factors are not as significant as expected in affecting housing prices. Transportation factors have more significant effects in the short run than in the long run. Environmental factors, including the number of hot night hours, Annual Air Quality Index (AAQI) of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulates with particle sizes less than 10 microns (PM10), significantly affect housing prices over time. The results have important implications: current policy instruments to prevent housing price escalation are focused on increasing property tax or land supply (economic factors), while little attention is paid to social or environmental factors, which are geographically heterogeneous. Our findings suggest that housing provision in the New Territories may be a feasible solution to alleviate the housing crisis as its demographic pattern, transportation connectivity and air quality are significantly different from Hong Kong Island or Kowloon Peninsula. In regard to urban environmental problems brought by the high-density development in Hong Kong despite land-use saving, intensified urban infrastructure and promotion of public transportation, our study contributes to the understanding of its housing price dynamics from a more holistic perspective by comparing the impacts of economic, social and environmental factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The end of free movement of labour from the European Union represents an unprecedented form of re‐regulation of the UK labour market. This study explores how old and new actors engage with the sphere of migration, arguing that not only their economic interests but also different political agendas and meanings of regulation shape dialogue on migration regulation post‐Brexit. Our findings suggest moving away from a unilateral, positive view of regulation in work and employment as well as to overcome any artificial distinction between the economic and the social implications of international migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving global sustainability objectives such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals or Aichi Targets, including remaining within planetary boundaries, necessitates proactively avoiding a proportion of the environmental impacts otherwise expected to result from economic development. Quantifying these "avoided" impacts is important for monitoring progress toward meeting sustainability objectives, but doing so in a consistent way is fraught with difficulty. Using the mitigation of biodiversity impacts by development projects as an example, we explored the challenges of defining and measuring impact avoidance. Avoidance can be defined as either action‐based or outcome‐based, and classified by whether it is achieved through project cancellation, spatial avoidance, design‐based avoidance, or temporal avoidance. We also examined what drives different types of project proponents to implement avoidance measures. To support empirical quantification of the contribution that avoidance makes toward conservation goals, we present a framework for structuring assessments of biodiversity impact avoidance. Our framework has widespread applicability in conservation science, policy, and practice, as well as relevance for broader policies that seek to avoid environmental and social impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this scientific endeavor, the NEET group as a source of employment growth is addressed. Taking into account the economic and social consequences of the NEET group, national government institutions at the national level have been concerned with this category, developing and implementing various measures and policies to reduce their share in the total young population. In this context, a theoretical-conceptual analysis of the NEET group is performed, being presented the opinions of several authors. It also analyzes the composition of the NEET group, as well as the factors that influence it, highlighting both macro and individual factors. Methodologically, the NEET rate was analyzed, as the main reference indicator that characterizes this group. In the case of the Republic of Moldova, the NEET rate was analyzed by age category, gender, place of residence and the education level. Likewise, the NEET rate in the Republic of Moldova is analyzed compared to that registered in the EU Member States, in order to highlight the existing gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an overview of methods for assessing social impacts, their achievements, and possibilities of application in everyday practice for assessing the worth of investments in cultural heritage conservation, as well as its sustainable use. It gives an overview of available methods for social assessment and points to a set of interdisciplinary indicators by which those impacts can be evaluated. Possibilities to use social impact analysis in the assessment of cultural heritage are presented in this paper through two case studies in the Republic of Croatia: the implementation of social evaluation management plan for the old town of Buzet and the evaluation of social effects of investing in the museum Ivana's House of Fairy Tales. Some qualitative indicators of the collected surveys related to social effects are described, while the analysis of the availability of such indicators and the scientific basis of the collected answers are provided. In conclusion, the contribution of the methodological tools used and social impact assessments in the evaluation of cultural heritage interventions are presented, while suggestions are made for various decision- makers on those broader methods and benefits compared with the use of only financial and economic impact evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two hundred respondents were interviewed using structured questionnaires to determine the socio-economic impacts of rearing ducks in their community. The average age of the respondents is 36 and most of them were females and married and the average distance of the respondents’ houses to nearby duck farms is 32.9 meters. The majority of the respondents (97%) agreed that there are positive social impacts of duck farms in their community. Among those identified positive social impacts were good relationships with their neighbors, duck products as a source of nutrition and provision of livelihood or employment in their community. Consequently, most of the respondents (71.5%) disagreed that there is a negative social impact of the duck farms in the area. Meanwhile, the majority of the respondents (92.5%) acknowledged the positive economic impacts of the duck farms in their community such as the affordable duck products provided by the duck raisers. Hence, the majority of the respondents (71%) strongly disagreed that the duck farms have a negative economic impact on their neighborhood. Further assessment of the environmental, health, political as well as cultural impacts of Philippine mallard duck production should be done especially in top-producing provinces. These assessment impacts could be utilized in developing a standardized management system that could possibly avert the potential harm of duck production in the communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has developed the Better Life Index (BLI), which is a multidimensional approach to well-being. This study aims to investigate the impact of health and social expenditures as well as the economic freedom index on well-being measured by BLI among 34 OECD countries for 2013–2017 period. We estimated panel models to observe the social and health expenditure effects according to their sources and the overall impact of economic changes among countries. We find that public and private social expenditures have a positive and statistically significant impact on BLI at 1% significance level. Additionally, whereas public health expenditure has a positive and statistically significant impact on BLI at 1% significance level, the effects of private health expenditure are statistically significant at 10% significance level. The economic freedom index has a positive and statistically significant impact on BLI in both models. Both social and health expenditures should take a prominent position in policy debates for a better life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Among the factors that affect the competitiveness of the sugar sector, there are common elements that can be observed in the transformation processes of the agroindustry in other countries, in one way or another, whose identification and analysis is useful in the process of rescuing the Cuban value chain. Objective: Identify elements necessary for the recovery of the sugar agroindustry, making case studies of the sugarcane agroindustries in countries with significant participation in the international market in recent years. Materials and methods: Different sources describing changes in both production volume and international sugar market share are reviewed, fundamental facts are exposed and internal and external factors that influenced the different scenarios are discussed. Results and Discussion: Based on the analysis of the production volume between 1995 and 2019, two groups were formed: the first, with three island countries displaced from the international sugar market in relatively short periods of time, and the other, with current leaders in the production and export of sugar worldwide, identifying the factors present in both processes. Conclusions: The contribution of scientific entities, the national industry, sources of financing and the government have been decisive in strengthening the sugar value chain, while the lack of agro-industrial diversification and consensus in the search for solutions to risks have cause the deterioration and disappearance of the sector in specific conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has witnessed considerable rural educational migration in the last decade. Many rural families have been sending their children to nearby urban schools, accompanied by an adult family member who relocates to live with the child in the urban setting. Drawing on 128 in-depth interviews and 814 questionnaires with rural parents/guardians of primary-school students, plus more than 100 teachers, villagers, and officials in one county, this study investigates this widespread type of educational migration and the adverse consequences on the social and economic development of villages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extraordinary administration procedure is considered a type of bankruptcy procedure. The authors question whether the high degree of authorisation granted to the administrative authority in extraordinary administration procedures is justified. The Agrokor company is an example of how the operations of a private company can maintain the economic stability of the entire state economy and vice versa, how its untimely bankruptcy can cause the collapse of the entire system (social policy). It is precisely the social and economic consequences of eventual bankruptcy that legitimize the high degree of interference of the administrative authority in the procedure of extraordinary administration. The characteristics of private law and public law procedures are presented through the prism of the extraordinary administration procedure. A parallel is drawn between the procedure of extraordinary administration and administrative procedures of confiscation and nationalization. It was concluded that the concession of the extraordinary administration has elements of both bankruptcy proceedings and administrative ones, which makes the powers granted to the administrative authority justified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban expansion has generated an unprecedented transformation in land use, causing an impact on the global biosphere with environmental, social and economic consequences, which is mainly driven by a poorly regulated expansive tentacular physical growth pattern, which is associated with processes such as the conurbation, which causes deconcentrated movements of people and economic activities from large cities to rural areas, generating rururbanization processes, which in the case of the Bosatama village has caused pressures and transformations in the planning of the territory as a result of the changes in land use and the increase in urbanization reflected in the Ciudad Verde housing megaproject. In accordance with the foregoing, the research initially established the global trends of urban expansion from a bibliographic search and analysis system, with the purpose of defining the factors that influence the dynamics of the shaping of the path, which together with the application of the Stlocus method from the territorial intelligence approach and the perception of the key actors allowed to analyze the characteristics and problems of the village, which were evaluated using a Vester matrix where the most critical problems are the change in land use, the urban expansion of the dimension environmental, the change of traditional and daily activities of the social dimension, weakening of agricultural activities of the economic dimension and 92 | Angela M. Bernal S. y Yolanda T. Hernández P. Estrategias para la planificación de un territorio... lack of approval and implementation of a new land use plan of the institutional political dimension, which were taken up in the approach of nine strategies for planning sustainable rururban territory that, articulated from a rurality policy guideline, can contribute to the resolution of the problems present in the village. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Son preference is culturally rooted across generations in India. While the social and economic implications of son preference are widely acknowledged, there is little evidence on spatial heterogeneity, especially at the district level. OBJECTIVE To derive estimates of son preference for the 640 districts of India and examine spatial heterogeneity in son preference across the districts of India. METHODS We apply model-based Small-Area Estimation (SAE) techniques, linking data from the 2015-2016 Indian National Family Health Survey and the 2011 Indian Population and Housing Census to generate district-level estimates of son preference. RESULTS The diagnostic measures confirm that the model-based estimates are robust enough to provide reliable estimates of son preference at the district level. Son preference is highest in the districts across northern and central Indian states, followed by districts in Gujarat and Maharashtra, and lowest in the southern districts in Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. CONCLUSIONS There is considerable heterogeneity in son preference across Indian districts, often masked by state-level average estimates. Our findings warrant urgent policy interventions targeting specific districts in India to tackle the ongoing son-preference attitudes and practices. CONTRIBUTION Our study demonstrates the power of SAE techniques to generate robust estimates of son preference at the district level. This study is the first of its kind to examine spatial patterns in parity-specific son preference at the district level in India.and Maharashtra, and lowest in the southern districts in Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. CONCLUSIONS There is considerable heterogeneity in son preference across Indian districts, often masked by state-level average estimates. Our findings warrant urgent policy interventions targeting specific districts in India to tackle the ongoing son-preference attitudes and practices. CONTRIBUTION Our study demonstrates the power of SAE techniques to generate robust estimates of son preference at the district level. This study is the first of its kind to examine spatial patterns in parity-specific son preference at the district level in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Socioloski Pregled is the property of Srpsko Sociolosko Drustvo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anuario Turismo y Sociedad is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia, Facultad de Empresas Turísticas y Hoteleras and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Numerous requests to also take care of people (i.e. societal impact) and planet (i.e. environmental impact) in addition to making profits (i.e. economic impact) urge service firms to rethink their marketing. In this paper, the authors therefore develop an organizing framework that integrates the people–planet–profits – also referred to as the "Triple-P" – concept in the marketing strategy, implementation and evaluation of service firms. Design/methodology/approach: This paper uses a conceptual approach that is rooted in the service marketing, marketing strategy and communication literature. Findings: The foundations of marketing strategy (Palmatier and Crecelius, 2019) and the Gaps model of service marketing (Parasuraman et al., 1985) guide both academics and practitioners regarding (1) why the Triple-P idea should be part of a company's marketing strategy, (2) how people and planet could play an important role in the implementation stage by integrating the Triple-P concept in the service marketing mix and (3) what impact could be achieved and evaluated by closing the five gaps identified by the Gaps model, while fostering a people–planet–profits mindset. Research limitations/implications: The authors also identify areas for future research on this important topic. Practical implications: Transformative value (people and planet) without profits is not attractive to firms. Profit-making organizations are in the best position to transform the world in a societal and environmental rewarding way. Social implications: The Triple-P affects the marketing strategy, implementation and evaluation of firms and contributes to a better, sustainable world. Originality/value: Marketing evolves from traditional over service and digital to transformative. Therefore, it is crucial to embrace transformative challenges in combination with economic returns, resulting in a new sustainable service era for marketers and managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water shortages caused by poor water quality severely affect the sustainable social and economic development of Tianjin City and Tangshan City in China. The Panjiakou Reservoir is located in the Luanhe River mainstream and provides water to the public in both cities since 1983. The evolution of water quality and aquatic community structure in the Reservoir and interactions with the social and economic development of its surroundings (Tangshan City and Chengde City) were analyzed. The relations between these changes and the various interrelated Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were also evaluated. From 1984 to 2019, the overall trend of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (CODMn), and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentrations first increased and then decreased with economic growth. The organisms with strong ecological adaptability and pollution resistance became dominant species in the aquatic community. These included chlorophyta, cyanophyta and bacillariophyta among phytoplankton, copepods among zooplankton, and tubificidae and chironomidae among zoobenthos. The completion of Panjiakou Reservoir satisfied the water demand of Tianjin City and Tangshan City as well as benefited the economic and social development of the surroundings. However, high levels of pollutants produced by cage fish culture, mineral processing, and tourism threatened the water environment, which would in turn harm society and the economy. Therefore, fish cages were removed and other environmental protection measures were implemented to ensure the safety of drinking water. This study demonstrated that considering comprehensively the individual needs inside and across catchments to minimize trade-offs and maximize synergies was of great significance for coordinating the relations among society, economy, and water resources to achieve sustainable development at the sub-national scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura is the property of Revista Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue d'Économie Régionale & urbaine is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: COVID-19 is a global pandemic initiated in January 2020 that caused 79 million cases and more than 1.7 million deaths worldwide. The causative agent of COVID-19 is Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2, a member of Betacoronvirus. COVID-19 patients are classified into asymptomatic, mild symptomatic, and severe symptomatic cases. Objectives: To review the prevalence, therapeutic interventions for the treatment, vaccination, and containment of COVID-19 in four quarters of 2020, emphasizing the advancements in biological studies, and the social, economic, and environmental impact of the pandemic. Methodology: Data of COVID-19 spread, identification, prevention, and control measures was analyzed. The impacts of pandemic on society, economy, and the environment were assessed. Results: Owing to distinct genome of COVID-19, de novo diagnostic tests have been designed, optimized, and carried out in individuals. The specimen for viral detection can be selected from sputum, nasal, and pharyngeal swabs, anal swabs, blood, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BLF), and secretions of lower respiratory tract. Primary treatment includes antiviral therapeutic agents, whereas, supplementary treatment includes corticosteroid therapy, antibiotic treatment, and oxygen therapy with the help of non-invasive and invasive mechanical ventilation. The lack of targeted therapeutics failed to induce a 100% mortality rate as recovered patients’ immune system produces CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses and antibodies against the spike protein of the virus. In order to contain the virus spread and build herd immunity in the masses, protein subunit vaccines, RNA-based vaccines, and VLPs were developed. Conclusion: The social, economic, and environmental impact of COVID-19 has threatened the global community. The novel prevention and control measures offered significant benefits however, an effective treatment will possibly always be required even with the end of pandemic.

El Salvador has adopted Bitcoin as legal tender. This article provides a critical evaluation of the country's Bitcoin initiative and its economic and social impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article takes a critical view on austerity policy and examines its social and economic consequences for the case of Greece. By introducing the concept of "growthless employment" it demonstrates that the implementation of internal devaluation policies had a substantial impact on the Greek society that needs to be addressed. Within a decade, household disposable income was reduced to an unprecedented level while the labour market was extensively deregulated as several indicators can display. The seemingly paradoxical case of employment without growth—hence, growthless employment—can be interpreted as the consequence of the intensity of the mix of austerity policies that was imposed as "one-size-fits-all" without taking the peculiar structure of the Greek economy into account. A descriptive examination of this idiosyncratic state of affairs is offered, providing new insights on how the level of depreciation can be better assessed. It is argued that the overall severity of the crisis is better captured by the level of disposable income whereas a modified measurement of poverty and income depreciation is introduced for the same purpose. Lastly it is maintained that Greece has suffered by an enormous outflow of its productive-aged population in the aftermath of the crisis. All the above concretise the idea of growthless employment in Greece. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve sustainable future for all, United Nations' (UNs') Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs-2030) reinforced the formulation of social, economic and human development policies. Pakistan is a country with high population growth rate, among top ten recipients of foreign remittances but facing an acute problem of stagnant human development outcomes over the years. Of note, Pakistan's economic growth is considered as growth without human face (see Easterly in The political economy of growth without development: A case study of Pakistan, 2001). It is, therefore, important from public policy point of view to understand the short-and long-run dynamics of the relationships between important social, demographic and economic factors. Accordingly, this paper investigates the short-and long-run relationships between population growth, government social spending, foreign remittances inflow and aggregate level of human development in Pakistan using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach of cointegration and error correction models. The cointegration test results showed that there is cointegration among the variables to proceed with the estimations of long-run relationships. Our empirical results confirm the existence of short-and long-run relationships between population growth, remittances inflow and human development in Pakistan. Population growth inversely while remittances inflow positively influenced Pakistan's human development status both in the short-and long-run. The empirical findings of our study call for designing and implementing robust development policies—that result in effective and sustainable human development—mainly towards viewing population from a more humanitarian and equitable perspective in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marisa cornuarietis (Linnaeus, 1758) (giant ramshorn snail) is an aquatic snail of the family Ampullariidae Gray, 1824, which are generally referred to as apple snails. Several ampullariids, including M. cornuarietis, are invasive alien species across several islands of the Caribbean, where they are associated with considerable ecological and economic outcomes. During an aquatic snail assessment survey conducted from May to June 2021, 153 giant ramshorn snails were collected from two ponds and trenches exiting those ponds in the parish of St. Andrew, Jamaica. The specimens were photographed and carefully identified using distinguishing morphological features. Here we confirm the presence of the species in Jamaica and discuss potential environmental, economic, and social implications of this invasive species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global financial recession which began in 2008 has led to significant economic and social consequences for youth, with the case of Greece being a notable one in terms of severity. Repeated political-economic 'shocks' to the structure of Greek society have manifest in common situations of unemployment and underemployment. Although impacting heavily on the working classes, severe curtailments in medium-high-skilled labour have also been observed among the middle classes as well. Following these contexts, the article examines the experiences of highly educated young women in Greece (n = 36) as they navigate precarious employment within the midst of the Greek economic crisis. It is argued that rather than their educated status offering opportunities to deploy resources to help withstand the crisis, their high education levels create frustrations and barriers towards achieving suitable employment. These perceived mismatches between high education and low status and/or poor-quality work conditions are assessed in the context of research on emerging adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purposes of this paper are to: (1) characterize farmers' market manager and vendor perceptions of the economic, social and environmental impact markets have on their local communities; and (2) how those impacts are tracked and communicated to market actors and the local community. Design/methodology/approach: Twenty-nine semistructured interviews were conducted with market managers and vendors across four farmers' markets within Michigan. The interviews were coded and analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings: Managers and vendors report economic and social and environmental benefits associated with the presence of a farmers' market, consistent with the existing literature. Metrics are tracked to estimate market impact, particularly economic and social benefits. Market managers reported uncertainty about how best to use data internally, and there are gaps in communicating market impacts with vendors. Most data are used for external reporting, to statewide organizations or for grant evaluation. Respondents reported data fatigue and unwillingness among vendors to share personal business information due to concerns about privacy relative to the perceived benefits of sharing data. Practical implications: Additional resources are needed for markets, specifically market managers, to better utilize the data they collect for internal versus external purposes. Originality/value: Metric collection and reporting are a nascent development among markets. Understanding how market actors are utilizing these tools will provide guidance to improve future efforts at impact measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the mechanisms and methods of operational risk management in Ukrainian banks. It is determined that operational risk is a complex type of banking risk, and the peculiarity of its implementation is that it is inherent in all banking processes, products, business lines and activities and has an unpredictable nature. It is proved that the improvement of operational risk management contributes to the sustainable functioning of banks and the stability of the entire banking system. The main principles of the bank's operational risk management system formation and functioning are determined, which include: objectivity and regularity of risk identification and assessment; timeliness of their detection and evaluation; complexity; structured management; proportionality; delimitation of control functions and operational activities; independence of individual governing bodies; confidentiality; transparency and efficiency. Given the complex and dynamic nature of operational risks, as well as the active digitalization of the banking business, it is recommended that operational risks include reputational risks, information risks and cyber risks. Based on the calculations, it is established that the impact of operational risks on the performance of domestic banks tends to increase, the leveling of which requires the development of new management mechanisms through the creation and effective operation of operational risk management. A system of measures to improve operational risk management based on the use of the «three lines of protection», which includes classification, identification, measurement, monitoring, control and reporting of operational risks, as well as assessment of economic and social consequences of risk events. The main methods of operational risk management are identified and it is proved that the key direction of their use should be preventive measures to avoid or minimize the economic consequences of risks, and coverage of losses arising from their implementation should be provided by specially formed reserves of internal capital. An indicative list of key indicators has been developed and approaches to characterizing operational risk events that can be used by domestic banks in practice to minimize the consequences of operational risks have been improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is a major global concern closely related to the strategies aimed at reducing energy consumption and increasing energy efficiency. Over the last decades, the interest in the development of renewable energy (RE) has grown exponentially. In the case of the European Union (EU), the Renewable Energy Directive sets rules to achieve a 32% of total energy consumption to be covered through RE by 2030. In order to achieve this goal, it is important to know what are the main driving factors of RE consumption (REC). This study aims to analyze the impact of economic and social factors on the share of REC in total energy consumption in the EU over the period 2001–2015. For doing so, we estimate a Panel Corrected Standard Error (PCSE) model. The results obtained show that economic factors have a negative effect on REC. In contrast, social factors like education exert a positive effect. This suggests that it is necessary to adopt a holistic approach that includes not only economic but also social aspects in order to foster REC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]