1. Cumulative effect of smoking on disease burden and multimorbidity in adult-onset asthma.
- Author
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Tommola M, Ilmarinen P, Tuomisto LE, Lehtimäki L, Niemelä O, Nieminen P, and Kankaanranta H
- Subjects
- Adult, Age of Onset, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Asthma physiopathology, Cost of Illness, Multimorbidity, Smoking adverse effects
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: M. Tommola reports personal fees for lectures and consultancy from Boehringer Ingelheim, personal fees for lectures from AstraZeneca, Filha ry, GlaxoSmithKline and Pfizer, grants from Orion research foundation, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: P. Ilmarinen reports grants from AstraZeneca, personal fees for lectures from MundiPharma, Orion and AstraZeneca, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: L.E. Tuomisto reports non-financial support for attending an international congress from Chiesi, Orion Pharma and TEVA, personal fees for lectures and non-financial support for attending an international congress from Boehringer Ingelheim, personal fees for lectures from AstraZeneca, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: L. Lehtimäki reports personal fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GSK, Mundipharma, Novartis, OrionPharma, Teva and ALK, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: O. Niemelä has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: P. Nieminen has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: H. Kankaanranta reports grants, personal fees for lectures and consulting, costs for attending an international congress from AstraZeneca, personal fees for consulting from Chiesi Pharma AB and Roche, personal fees for lectures and consulting, costs for attending an international congress from Boehringer Ingelheim, personal fees for lectures and consulting from Novartis, personal fees for lectures from Mundipharma and Orion Pharma, outside the submitted work.
- Published
- 2019
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