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The smart grid has become a cyber-physical system and the more cyber it becomes, the more prone it is to cyber-attacks. One of the most important cyber-attacks in smart grids is false data injection (FDI) into its measurement infrastructure. This attack could manipulate the control center in a way to execute wrong control actions on various generating units, causing system instabilities that could ultimately lead to power system blackouts. In this study, a novel false data detection and prevention paradigm was proposed for the measurement infrastructure in smart grids. Two techniques were devised to manage cyber-attacks, namely, the fixed dummy value model and the variable dummy value model. Limitations of the fixed dummy value model were identified and addressed in the variable dummy value model. Both methods were tested on an IEEE 14 bus system and it was shown through the results that an FDI attack that easily bypassed the bad data filter of the state estimator was successfully identified by the fixed dummy model. Second, attacks that were overlooked by the fixed dummy model were identified by the variable dummy method. In this way, the power system was protected from FDI attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

State estimation (SE) is well-established at the transmission system level of the electricity grid, where it has been in use for the last few decades and is a most vital component of energy management systems employed in the monitoring and control centers of electric transmission systems. However, its use for the monitoring and control of power distribution systems (DSs) has not yet been widely implemented because DSs have been majorly passive with uni-directional power flows. This scenario is now changing with the advent of smart grid, which is changing the nature of electric distribution networks by embracing more dispersed generation, demand responsive loads, and measurements devices with different data rates. Thus, the development of distribution system state estimation (DSSE) tool is inevitable for the implementation of protection, optimization, and control techniques, and various other features envisioned by the smart grid concept. Due to the inherent characteristics of DS different from those of transmission systems, transmission system state estimation (TSSE) is not applicable directly to DSs. This paper is an attempt to present the state-of-the-art on DSSE as an enabler function for smart grid features. It broadly reviews the development of DSSE, challenges faced by its development, and various DSSE algorithms. Additionally, it identifies some future research lines for DSSE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]