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Magistrska naloga obravnava mrežo organizacij in institucij, tako vladnih kot nevladnih, ki brezdomcem v Sloveniji ponujajo kakršno koli obliko zaposlitvene možnosti za (ponovni) vstop na trg dela. V prvem delu so predstavljena teoretična spoznanja in koncepti o brezdomstvu, socialni izključenosti in ranljivih skupinah, prav tako so zbrani pomembni dokumenti, ki urejajo brezdomsko problematiko v Sloveniji. Na koncu teoretičnega dela so predstavljene tudi smernice in predlogi za boj proti brezdomstvu. Empirični del je namenjen raziskovanju zaposlitvenih možnosti brezdomnih oseb kje in kako se lahko osebe z izkušnjo brezdomstva ponovno vključijo na trg dela v Sloveniji, katere organizacije in institucije pri nas nudijo to možnost in v kakšni obliki. Magistrska naloga obravnava potrebe in omejitve brezdomnih posameznikov s področja zaposljivosti v očeh strokovnih delavcev, vključenih v raziskavo, ter preučuje njihovo mnenje o naboru zaposlitvenih možnostih za brezdomce v Sloveniji. Delo se prav tako dotika vloge države Republike Slovenije pri reševanju brezdomske problematike ter na koncu predstavlja predloge za izboljšanje kvalitete izvajanih zaposlitvenih možnosti. Za namen pridobitve celostne slike in okvirja zaposlitvenih možnosti za osebe z izkušnjo brezdomstva v Sloveniji je uporabljen kvalitativni raziskovalni pristop. The master's thesis deals with a network of organizations and institutions, both governmental and non-governmental, that offer homeless people in Slovenia any form of employment opportunity for (re)entry into the labor market. The first part presents theoretical findings and concepts on homelessness, social exclusion, and vulnerable groups, as well as some important documents governing homelessness in Slovenia. Guidelines and proposals for combating homelessness are presented at the end of the theoretical part. The empirical part aims to explore the employment opportunities of the homeless where and how people with experience of homelessness can re-enter the labor market in Slovenia, which organizations and institutions in Slovenia offer the opportunity to do so, and in what form. This master's thesis deals with the needs and limitations of homeless individuals in the field of employability in the eyes of professionals involved in the research and examines their opinion on the range of employment opportunities for the homeless in Slovenia. The work also deals with the role of the Republic of Slovenia in solving homelessness, and finally presents proposals for improving the quality of employment opportunities. A qualitative research approach was used for the purpose of obtaining a holistic picture and a framework of employment opportunities for people with experience of homelessness in Slovenia.

Purpose: Administrative barriers to employment pose a problem in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) which have an essential role in the European economy, compared to large ones. The existing rigidity and inflexibility of the labor market have further slowed down their position in creating new jobs. Therefore, the main goal of this paper is to evaluate the current state of administrative barriers to employment for SMEs in Croatia and Slovenia. Design/methodology/approach: Applying descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) on a survey data for 699 Croatian and 747 Slovenian SMEs. Findings: The empirical results on a sample of about 700 SMEs for both countries expose some differences between them. In respect of administrative barriers to employment for SMEs, the most noticeable problem in Croatia is associated to frequent changes in the regulation, while in Slovenia the most highlighted problem is associated to additional time and unnecessary number of documents. Moreover, the empirical results reveal significant differences concerning the perception of the extent of administrative barriers to employment between different groups of SMEs, whereby not all of the characteristics have the same implications on this perception. Practical Implications: The overall findings are important especially for economic policy makers, who need to consider the specific characteristics and needs of SMEs when preparing legislation. Originality/Value: The combination of primary research and comparative perspective represents the main originality and value of the paper.

Diplomsko delo opisuje problematiko vključevanja oseb z invalidnostjo na trg dela. Zakonodaja se je skozi čas spreminjala in skladno s tem tudi načini njihovega zaposlovanja. Z ozirom na to, da gre za depriviligirano skupino ljudi, sprememba zakonodaje ne nujno vpliva na izboljšane možnosti zaposlitve, saj je ta proces dostikrat podvržen diskriminaciji. Namen diplomskega dela je proučiti poznavanje in metode pri vključevanju oseb z invalidnostjo na trg dela v Sloveniji in Nemčiji. Cilj diplomskega dela je pregled literature, znanstvenih člankov, ki se nanašajo na izbrano temo. Osebe z invalidnostjo so tiste, ki so zaradi svojih posebnosti pogostokrat odrinjene na rob družbenega življenja. Čeprav imajo osebe z invalidnostjo kar nekaj pravic, se dogaja, da so njihove pravice pogostokrat kršene ali celo spregledane. Te osebe so precej bolj izpostavljene diskriminaciji na vseh področjih svojega življenja. Posledice zaradi diskriminacije imajo za vse osebe lahko negativne učinke, ki lahko vodijo tudi v smrt. Tudi takrat, ko osebe z invalidnostjo iščejo zaposlitev, se zgodi, da delodajalci raje zaposlijo zdravo osebo, saj imajo zato manj skrbi in obveznosti. Tako v Sloveniji kot tudi v Nemčiji so osebe z invalidnostjo precej izpostavljene brezposelnosti in prejemajo nižje prihodke kot ostali. Po navadi so take osebe razporejene na delovna mesta, ki jih ljudje dojemajo kot manj vredna in so tudi slabše plačana. Zato da bi osebam z invalidnostjo omogočili lažje in hitrejše zaposlovanje, države izvajajo različne ukrepe za hitrejše zaposlovanje in ponujajo delodajalcem različne olajšave in spodbude, če zaposlijo osebo z invalidnostjo. Država pomaga delodajalcem pri stroških prilagoditve delovnega prostora, da delavec lažje in učinkoviteje opravi delo, kar je cilj vsakega delodajalca. V diplomskem delu smo ugotovili, da so v Nemčiji uspešnejši pri zaposlovanju oseb z invalidnostjo kot v Sloveniji. This bachelors thesis focuses on the issues of integrating people with disabilities into the labour market. In accordance with the modification of the legislation, the ways of employing this group of people have also changed. Considering the fact that these individuals fall into the underpriviliged group, modifying the legislation does not necessarily aid the process of employment, as the latter is often subject to discrimination. The purpose of this bacherlor's thesis is studying and examining the methdos of integrating people with disabilities into the labour market of Slovenia and Germany. The aim of this thesis is to present an overview of literature and scientific articles pertaining to the subject. It is people with disabilities who are the most often subject to social marginalisation due to their special characteristics. In spite of the many rights disabled people have, it frequently occurs that they are violated or not even taken into account causing individuals to become even more exposed to discrimination in all areas of their lives. The consequences of discrimination can have negative effects on people which may result in death. When disabled people look for jobs, employers often prefer to hire a healthy individual as they have less concerns and obligations. As is the case in Slovenia, disabled people in Germany also suffer from unemployment and compared to other people receive lower income. They are given positions perceived as worth less and consequently less paid. In order to ensure easier and faster employment of disabled people, countries have been implementing measures offering the employers various reliefs and incentives should they hire a disabled person. The country supports employers in dealing with the costs of adapting their working space so that the employees work more easily and efficiently, which is the goal of every employer. It has been found out that Germany is more successful in employing people with disabilities compared to Slovenia.

V doktorski disertaciji ugotavljamo perspektivo novega srednje strokovnega izobraževalnega programa 'naravovarstveni tehnik' z vidika družbenih potreb kot tudi z vidika zaposlitvenih možnosti. Raziskovalno delo obsega tri dele. V prvem delu odgovarjamo na raziskovalna vprašanja - katere poklicne profile s področja varstva narave potrebujemo katere delovne naloge, aktivnosti naj bi dijaki, ki zaključijo program naravovarstveni tehnik izvajali ter katere so tiste generične in poklicno specifične kompetence, ki so nujno potrebne za uspešno usposobljenost za delo na področju varstva narave. V drugem delu ugotavljamo, katere izmed teh generičnih in poklicno specifičnih kompetenc so dijaki prve generacije (2008/09-2011/12) v programu naravovarstveni tehnik razvijali in urili pri praktičnem pouku in praktičnem usposabljanju z delom (PUD). V prvem delu kvalitativne raziskave ugotavljamo, da naravovarstvena stroka prepoznava družbene potrebe po poklicno strokovnih profilih s področja varstva narave, in sicer ugotavljamo, da se potrebe kažejo na področju naravovarstvenega nadzora, ki je trenutno v Sloveniji v nezadovoljivem položaju, po negovalcih in vzdrževalcih naravne in kulturne krajine ter parkovne infrastrukture in po interpretatorjih, informatorjih in naravovarstvenih vodnikih znotraj zavarovanih območij. Vendar naravovarstvena stroka izpostavlja, da je kljub družbenim potrebam po poklicnih profilih s področja varstva narave zaposlitvenih možnosti na tem področju malo. Model generičnih in poklicno specifičnih kompetenc obsega za poklicno strokovni profil znanja in veščine za spremljanje stanja neposredno na terenu in naravovarstveni nadzor ter obnovo, nego in vzdrževanje naravne in kulturne krajine ter parkovne infrastrukture. V kvantitativni raziskavi med dijaki prve generacije izobraževanja v programu naravovarstveni tehnik ugotavljamo, da dijaki niso razvijali in urili vrste generičnih in poklicno specifičnih kompetenc, ki jih je naravovarstvena stroka definirala za pomembne. V tretjem delu preučujemo uporabo različnih učnih metod med učitelji praktičnega pouka in ugotavljamo, da je spodbudno to, da učitelji praktičnega pouka uporabljajo raznovrstne učne metode in oblike dela, ki prispevajo k učinkovitejšemu razvijanju generičnih in poklicno specifičnih kompetenc. This doctoral dissertation discusses the prospects of a new vocational education programme, awarding the title "Nature Conservation Technician" (2008/09), in terms of societal needs for specific professional profiles in the field of nature conservation as well as in terms of employment opportunities. This research work includes three sets of empirical surveys. One set is designed to answer research questions, such as: Which professional profiles in the field of nature conservation do we need?, What kind of activities, tasks and processes should such professionals be able to perform? and Which generic and occupationally specific competencies are necessary for successful working the field of nature conservation? The other set answers the question, Which of such generic and professional competencies have students been developing and practising in the Nature Conservation programme? The qualitative research part finds that the profession recognizes the societal needs for vocational and professional profiles in the field of nature conservation. It further finds that such needs are apparent in the field of nature conservation supervision, which is currently underdeveloped in Slovenia, in the field of natural and cultural landscape and park infrastructure care and maintenance, and finally in the area of interpretation, provision of information and guidance in protected areas. However, experts also emphasize that despite the societal needs for professionals in the field of nature conservation there are few employment opportunities directly in this field. The model of occupationally specific competencies includes field monitoring and supervision, and restoration, care and maintenance of natural and cultural landscapes and park infrastructure. Quantitative research, which was carried out among the first generation of the Nature Conservation programme students (2008/09-2011/12), has shown insufficient training in and development of occupationally specific competencies which the experts have defined as important. The third part studies the usage of different teaching methods among practical instruction teachers. The encouraging finding, however, is that practical instruction teachers are using various teaching methods and forms of work, which contribute to more efficient development of generic and occupationally specific competencies.

Za izboljšanje gospodarskega in družbenega napredka ter za blažitev posledic krize je Evropska komisija v letu 2010 sprejela strategijo Evropa 2020. Za merjenje napredka pri uresničevanju strategije je zastavljenih pet ciljev. Ker se strategija počasi končuje, se vse bolj postavlja vprašanje, koliko je Sloveniji uspelo doseči zastavljene cilje. Delo predstavlja vmesno evalvacijo stanja in temelji predvsem na uporabi treh metod: metoda analize, komparativna metoda in metoda kompilacije. Glavni namen teh metod je omogočiti temeljito predstavo stanja ciljnih področij strategije v Sloveniji. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da je Slovenija kljub slabšim kazalnikom med letoma 2008 in 2013 na dobri poti, da doseže cilj zaposlenosti. Pri izpolnjevanju cilja izdatkov za raziskave in razvoj ter inovacije se v zadnjih letih vse bolj oddaljuje od zastavljenega cilja. Količina emisij toplogrednih plinov v okviru odločbe o delitvi truda ostaja v okviru zastavljenega cilja, prav tako izpolnjuje cilj energetske učinkovitosti. Na področju obnovljivih virov energije se kljub začetnemu optimističnemu trendu počasi oddaljuje od zastavljenega cilja. Slovenija je že izpolnila oba cilja izobraževanja. Prav tako se od leta 2014 približuje cilju na področju revščine in socialne izključenosti. Ob primerjavi Slovenije z izbranimi državami članicami je Slovenija večinoma uspešnejša. Delo kot celota obsežno predstavi stanje na različnih pomembnih področjih v Sloveniji in bi zato lahko koristilo stroki z vidika dobre prakse ali za pripravljanje ukrepov izboljšanja stanja. Laični javnosti lahko pomaga za splošno predstavo stanja v Sloveniji. Zaradi neuspeha nekaterih ciljev strategije je delo dober začetek za nadaljnjo in bolj poglobljeno analizo teh ugotovitev. To improve economic and social development and to soften the effects of the economic crisis, in 2010 the European Commission enacted the Europe 2020 strategy. For the measurement of the strategy implementation, five targets have been set. As the strategy is slowly coming to its final stages, questions, whether Slovenia achieved the set targets, are arising. The thesis represents an intermediate evaluation of the state and is based mainly on the use of three methods: analysis method, comparative method and compilation method. The main purpose of these methods is to enable a thorough presentation of the state of the target fields of the strategy in Slovenia. It has been established that Slovenia is, even though its parameters between the years 2008 and 2013 have not been good, on the path of meeting the set target regarding employment. The last few years the target set for R&D and innovation seems to be out of reach. The greenhouse gas emissions set in the mutual effort decision seems to be achievable as is the target set on energy efficiency. The target set on renewable energy sources, contrary to its initial progress, seems to be out of reach. Slovenia has already met both targets set in the field of education. Since 2014 it is also achieving the target on poverty and social exclusion. By comparing Slovenia to selected member states, Slovenia has indeed been more successful. This Master thesis thoroughly presents different important fields in Slovenia and could as such help experts in the aspect of good practice or as a tool for designing improvement activities. It could help lay public to get a general perspective on the state of the matter in Slovenia. Because some targets of the strategy have not been achieved, the thesis is a good start of a further and more in-depth analysis of these findings.

Diplomsko delo prikazuje vključenost žensk na trg dela v Sloveniji in na Švedskem. Na različnih segmentih so primerjani podatki ene in druge države. Na podlagi raziskave sem prikazala primerjavo zaposlenosti žensk na trgu dela v Sloveniji in na Švedskem, brezposelnosti, rodnosti in aktivnosti žensk ter ugotovila, katera država dosega boljše rezultate in kateri trg bolje vključuje ženske. Brezposelnost žensk in moških narašča iz leta v leto. Za obe državi je značilno, da je brezposelnost žensk višja kot brezposelnost moških, vendar je v Sloveniji še višja kot na Švedskem. Rodnost narašča v obeh državah, zvišuje pa se starost matere ob rojstvu prvega otroka. Pozna odločitev žensk za družino je lahko posledica tako vse večjega vključevanja žensk v izobraževanje kot tudi njihove udeležbe na trgu dela. Ženske so pogosteje kot moški vključene v prožne oblike dela, na kar lahko gledamo s pozitivnega in negativnega vidika. Ženskam je s tem omogočeno lažje usklajevanje dela in družine, po drugi strani pa so njihove možnosti za napredovanje in oblikovanje kariere manjše. Evropska unija v okviru Evrope 2020 spodbuja večje vključevanje žensk na trg dela. Na podlagi omenjene strategije države članice oblikujejo nacionalne cilje in ukrepe za izboljševanje zaposlovanja težje zaposljivih oseb na trgu dela. The final exam paper presents the involvement of women in the labour market in Slovenia as well as in Sweden. The data gathered in the respective countries have been compared in relation to different segments. Based on the research, I have compared the employment of women in the labour market in Slovenia as well as in Sweden, including unemployment, fertility and activity, and as a result, concluded which of the countries has achieved better results and which market includes more women. Unemployment is increasingly growing from year to year regarding both women and men. It is significant for both countries that unemployment of women is higher than unemployment of men, however, it is higher in Slovenia than in Sweden. Fertility is increasing in both countries, as well as the age of first-time mothers. Decision of women to have a family at older age is possibly the consequence of increasing involvement of women in education, as well as their participation in the labour market. Women are more likely than men involved in flexible forms of work, which can be observed from both positive and negative aspects. It makes it possible for women to more easily coordinate their work and family life, however, the possibility of career development and promotion is smaller. The European Union, according to Europe 2020 strategy, is promoting greater involvement of women in the labour market. Based on the Europe 2020 strategy, the member countries are establishing their national goals and are taking action to improve the employment for disadvantaged persons in the labour market.

Čeprav države in mednarodne skupnosti posvečajo posebno pozornost zaposlovanju invalidov, se le-ti v primerjavi z ostalimi ljudmi, še vedno soočajo z večjo brezposelnostjo, manjšimi možnostmi za uspešno kariero in slabšim plačilom. Tudi v Sloveniji imamo zakonske ukrepe in spodbude, ki so namenjene dvigu zaposljivosti invalidov in zagotavljanju enakih možnosti na področju zaposlovanja. V primerjavi z Veliko Britanijo, ki se osredotoča na enake možnosti invalidov pri zaposlovanju in delu ter tako izhaja iz socialnega modela invalidnosti, naš sistem izhaja iz medicinskega modela invalidnosti, saj se osredotoča predvsem na medicinske diagnoze in zmanjšane zmožnosti invalidov. V skladu z slovenskim sistemom je invalid manj sposoben od ostale populacije in je potrebno zanj rezervirati določeno število delovnih mest, delodajalcem pa ponuditi določene finančne in davčne ugodnosti, da bodo v delovni kolektiv sprejeli invalide. Čeprav zakon prepoveduje neposredno in posredno diskriminacijo pri zaposlovanju invalidov, mora država na področju zagotavljanja enakopravnosti in zavedanja kaj sploh pomeni diskriminacija na podlagi invalidnosti, še veliko postoriti. V Veliki Britaniji so na tem področju že daleč pred nami, saj se delavci zavedajo kaj pomeni diskriminacija na delovnem mestu in opozorijo na kršitve. Za zagotavljanje enakosti pri delu v Veliki Britaniji posvečajo posebno pozornost primernim prilagoditvam delovnega okolja in dela, saj se zavedajo, da imajo invalidi zmanjšanje možnosti zaradi ovir v družbi in okolju ne pa zaradi invalidnosti same. Z magistrsko nalogo sem želela ugotoviti, kako učinkovit je naš kvotni sistem zaposlovanja invalidov in spodbude za zaposlovanje invalidov, ki jih predvideva naša zakonodaja ter jih primerjati z Veliko Britanijo, ki nima kvotnega sistema, ampak invalidom zagotavlja zaposlitvene možnosti s protidiskriminacijsko zakonodajo. Pri tem sem se osredotočila na tri raziskovalne teze, in sicer, ali invalidi ne morejo prosto izbirati dela, ali so kvote zadostni ukrep za zagotovitev zaposlitve invalidnih oseb, še posebno tistih, ki niso postali invalidi v delovnem procesu in, ali bi bilo potrebno delodajalce bolj osveščati o ukrepih in spodbudah pri zaposlovanju invalidov, da bi bila zakonska ureditev zaposlovanja invalidov bolj učinkovita. Da sem lahko raziskala postavljene teze sem se v prvem delu naloge osredotočila na zaposlitev in delo iz vidika ustavnega prava in človekovih pravic, v drugem delu sem predstavila ukrepe, ki jih ima Slovenija za zagotavljanje in izboljšanje zaposlitvenih možnosti invalidov, na koncu pa sem predstavila zaposlovanje v Veliki Britaniji na splošno in kako je urejeno zaposlovanje invalidov. Even though national and international communities pay special attention to employment of disabled people, they still, in comparison to the rest of the population, face higher unemployment rates, fewer opportunities for advancement in their career and lower salaries. Slovenia has legislative measures and incentive programmes for increasing employment and providing equal opportunities for disabled people. Contrary to Great Britain, where they focus on equal opportunities in work and employment which originate from the social model of disability, the Slovenian system originates from the medical model of disability and focuses rather on medical diagnoses and diminished capacities of the person. According to this model, a disabled person is less capable than other people and there should be a specific number of posts reserved for the disabled while providing employers with financial and tax reduction incentives to encourage them to hire disabled people. The law prohibits direct and indirect discrimination in employment, yet a lot remains to be done in the area of ensuring equal opportunities and about raising awareness about discrimination on the grounds of disability. In Great Britain, employees are very aware of what discrimination at the workplace is and point out any misconduct or violation of rights. To ensure equal access to work, Great Britain pays special attention to reasonable adjustments of the working environment and the work itself. They have the understanding that social and environmental barriers disabled people face can be greater that the barriers caused by the disability itself. The thesis explores the effectiveness of the Slovenian quota system and the incentives for employment of disabled people provided by Slovenian legislation and compare these with the system in Great Britain where they have antidiscrimination legislation and no quota system. The thesis examines three key questions: whether disabled people can freely choose their employment, whether the quota system is an effective measure to ensure employment of disabled people, especially those who have not become disabled during their working life and whether employers should be more informed about the measures and incentives for employment of disabled people to make the legislative provisions for employment of disabled people more effective. Therefore, the first part of the thesis focuses on work and employment from the point of view of the constitutional law, the second part introduces the Slovenian measures for improving employment opportunities of disabled people and the last part presents the employment system in Great Britain in general and especially employment of disabled people.

Ocenjevanje učinkovitosti aktivnih politik zaposlovanja : primer Slovenije