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Abstract Introduction Population aging is a problem that has affected most countries in the world. Poor-quality sleep is a common complaint among the elderly. Foot baths are a method of heat therapy and are performed as an independent nursing care in different departments. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of foot baths with spa on improving the sleep quality of the elderly. Methods This research is a systematic review. We systematically searched six databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and the World Health Organization databases, to retrieve the related articles based on the keywords used in our search strategy from 2010 to March 2023. Result Finally, 10 articles were included in this study. All studies were randomized controlled trial (RCTs) and semi-experimental. In all 9 studies, the positive effects of the foot bath were reported. In 9 studies, the effect of foot baths with water above 40 degrees Celsius was reported. The PSQR questionnaire was used in most of the studies. Conclusion The total findings of this study showed that due to the high prevalence of sleep problems in the elderly, foot baths with warm water can be used as an easy, simple, and safe nursing intervention to improve sleep quality. Therefore, it can be used in nursing homes and hospitals. It is also a non-pharmacological and inexpensive nursing intervention that can be implemented by the elderly themselves after training by community health nurses.

Introduction: Population aging is a problem that has affected most countries in the world. Poor-quality sleep is a common complaint among the elderly. Foot baths are a method of heat therapy and are performed as an independent nursing care in different departments. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of foot baths with spa on improving the sleep quality of the elderly. Methods: This research is a systematic review. We systematically searched six databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and the World Health Organization databases, to retrieve the related articles based on the keywords used in our search strategy from 2010 to March 2023. Result: Finally, 10 articles were included in this study. All studies were randomized controlled trial (RCTs) and semi-experimental. In all 9 studies, the positive effects of the foot bath were reported. In 9 studies, the effect of foot baths with water above 40 degrees Celsius was reported. The PSQR questionnaire was used in most of the studies. Conclusion: The total findings of this study showed that due to the high prevalence of sleep problems in the elderly, foot baths with warm water can be used as an easy, simple, and safe nursing intervention to improve sleep quality. Therefore, it can be used in nursing homes and hospitals. It is also a non-pharmacological and inexpensive nursing intervention that can be implemented by the elderly themselves after training by community health nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of Yao medicine foot bath therapy combined with mindfulness meditation on rehabilitation and sleep quality in chronic hepatitis B patients with liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome. Methods A total of 86 patients were enrolled in this study, all of which were treated in the hospital from January 2022 to December 2022. The patients were divided into two groups according to the different treatment methods. The control group (n=43) was treated with routine treatment, and the observation group (n=43) was treated with foot bath therapy combined with mindfulness therapy on the basis of routine treatment. The Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) score, Pittsburgh Sleep quality Index (PSQI) score and total effective rate were compared between two groups. Results The score of SAS was decreased in both two groups after treatment, and SAS score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0. 01). The score of PSQI was decreased in both two groups after treatment, and PSQI score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0. 01). The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (97. 67% vs. 86. 05, P＜0. 05). Conclusion Yao medicine foot bath therapy combined with mindfulness meditation is potentially effective to improve the rehabilitation and sleep quality in chronic hepatitis B patients with liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome. (目的 探讨瑶药足浴疗法联合正念冥想改善慢性乙型病毒性肝炎肝郁脾虚型患者睡眠质量及促进康复的效果。方法 选取2022年1月—12月医院收治的慢性乙型病毒性肝炎肝郁脾虚型患者86例。根据治疗方式的不同对患者进行分组, 对照组(n=43)实施常规治疗, 观察组(n=43)在对照组基础上增加足浴疗法联合正念冥想治疗。采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)评估患者焦虑症状改善情况, 采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评估患者睡眠质量, 评价两组干预效果。结果 治疗后, 两组SAS评分均较治疗前下降, 且观察组SAS评分低于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01)。治疗后, 两组PSQI评分均较治疗前下降, 且观察组PSQI评分低于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01)。观察组治疗总有效率97. 67%(42/43), 高于对照组的86. 05%(37/43), 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。结论 瑶药足浴疗法联合正念冥想能有效改善慢性乙型病毒性肝炎肝郁脾虚型患者焦虑症状以及睡眠质量。)

Due to the adverse effects of medication we decided to provide a safe, economic, and easy intervention to decrease sleep problems in menopausal women. This trial aimed to determine the effect of footbath on sleep disturbance in postmenopausal women. One hundred menopausal women were randomly stratified using a permuted block randomization procedure by Random Allocation Software, and assigned to one of two study groups: control (without intervention, n = 50) and intervention (footbath, n = 50). The footbath group was asked to lie their feet into the warm water for 20 min in a container with a depth of 10 cm one hour before the usual sleeping time for 6 weeks. To assess sleep quality, we used the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). To evaluate severity of menopause symptoms, the Greene scale was applied. Before the intervention, 96% of the subjects in the footbath group and 94% in the control group were poor sleepers. The results of analysis of covariance showed significant improvement in sleep quality and decrease in severity of menopause signs in the footbath group compared to the control group. At the baseline, there was a statistically significant correlation between the severity of menopause signs and the global score of PSQI in all study individuals (p ≤.001, r =.464). The present study findings showed that footbath intervention enhanced sleep quality in menopausal women. Thus, footbath as a safe, simple, and non‐pharmacological application can improve quality of life in postmenopausal women and inhibit problems due to inadequate sleep quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]