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Use of by-product materials, such as steel slag and cathode ray tube glass, as alternative recycled materials in the construction of roads, could reduce the demand for natural aggregates. Measurements of the physical properties (specific gravity, water absorption, Los Angeles abrasion value and soundness) and microstructure characteristics were made to evaluate the effectiveness of using these materials in pavement road base. The laboratory assessments were also conducted using California bearing ratio, unconfined compression strength and indirect tensile strength tests. Leaching tests were performed on six elements (arsenic, barium, cadmium, lead, silver and mercury) to determine the leaching potential of hazardous metals. Element concentration release limits were determined based on the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). The results indicate that the alternative recycled materials are suitable for use in aggregates and meet the requirements for natural aggregates used for similar purposes. Microstructure analysis shows that the steel slag is more porous and rougher than granite and cathode ray tube glass. The higher percentage of steel slag produces higher California bearing ratio test values for both the soaked and unsoaked samples. Findings from unconfined compression strength and indirect tensile strength tests show that the performance of the mixture was enhanced significantly upon incorporating a higher percentage of steel slag. The samples show a significant strength improvement between 2 and 17%. The concentration of leached barium and lead is higher than that of the other elements, however it is still less than 1% of the TCLP regulatory limit, hence the concentration of the leached elements does not pose an environmental risk. The laboratory test results indicate that mixtures consisting of granite, steel slag and cathode ray tube glass are both environmentally safe and suitable for use as aggregate in pavement road base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing amount of waste materials and the shortage of landfill space highlights the urgency for alternative ways to recycle and reuse waste materials. Recycle and reuse waste materials would indirectly contribute to reducing the landfill space required for their disposal. This paper attempts to compare the physical and mechanical properties of byproduct material (steel slag) and waste material (Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) glass) that could potentially be used as substitutes for natural aggregates in the construction of road pavements. This paper discusses the feasibility of utilizing recycled steel slag and CRT glass which meet the test requirements for natural aggregates utilized for pavement construction. The study method for laboratory work was carried out following the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) specifications. Physical and mechanical testing's, i.e. specific gravity, water absorption, soundness and Los Angeles abrasion tests, were carried out to determine the suitability of using steel slag and CRT glass in the construction of road pavements. Test results indicate that steel slag and CRT glass can be used as substitutes for natural aggregates due to their satisfactory physical and mechanical properties. It can be concluded that the use of steel slag and CRT glass as a replacement for natural aggregate resulted in the sustainable management of road base paving application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, as a supplement of cement, the utilization of pozzolanic materials in cement and concrete manufacturing has increased significantly. This study investigates the scope to use pozzolanic wastes (slag, palm oil fuel ash and rice husk ash) as an alkali activated binder (AAB) that can be used as an alternative to cement. To activate these materials, sodium hydroxide solution was used at 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 molar concentration added into the mortar, separately. The required solution was used to maintain the flow of mortar at 110% ± 5%. The consistency and setting time of the AAB-paste were determined. Mortar was tested for its flow, compressive strength, porosity, water absorption and thermal resistance (heating at 700 °C) and investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results reveal that AAB-mortar exhibits less flow than that of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Surprisingly, AAB-mortars (with 2.5 molar solution) achieved a compressive strength of 34.3 MPa at 28 days, while OPC shows that of 43.9 MPa under the same conditions. Although water absorption and porosity of the AAB-mortar are slightly high, it shows excellent thermal resistance compared to OPC. Therefore, based on the test results, it can be concluded that in the presence of a chemical activator, the aforementioned pozzolans can be used as an alternative material for cement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]