85 results on '"Schwartz, R."'
Search Results
2. Perineal cutaneous basal cell carcinomas in patients with familial seronegative coeliac disease: report of three cases.
- Author
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Lambert WC, Sy CB, Madari AP, and Schwartz RA
- Subjects
- Humans, Carcinoma, Basal Cell genetics, Celiac Disease complications, Celiac Disease diagnosis, Celiac Disease genetics, Skin Neoplasms genetics
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Prolonged overall survival following metastasectomy in stage IV melanoma.
- Author
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Elias ML, Behbahani S, Maddukuri S, John AM, Schwartz RA, and Lambert WC
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Melanoma pathology, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Skin Neoplasms pathology, Survival Rate, United States epidemiology, Melanoma mortality, Melanoma surgery, Skin Neoplasms mortality, Skin Neoplasms surgery
- Abstract
Background/objectives: Current literature supports mixed conclusions regarding the outcomes of metastasectomy in Stage IV melanoma. The objective of this national study was to determine the associations of non-primary site surgery with overall survival (OS) in Stage IV melanoma., Methods: The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried for all Stage IV melanoma cases diagnosed from 2004 to 2015. Cases missing treatment/staging data or undergoing palliative treatment were excluded (remaining n = 14 034). Patients were separated into 'metastasectomy' (n = 4214, 30.0%) and 'non-metastasectomy' (n = 9820, 70.0%) cohorts. Survival outcomes were analysed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regressions., Results: On univariate analysis, patients with Stage IV melanoma undergoing metastasectomy (median survival: 15.67 month) had greater overall survival compared with those not receiving non-primary surgery (median survival: 7.13 month; 5-year OS 13.2% vs. 5.6%, P < 0.001). M1a patients that underwent non-primary metastasectomy (median survival: 46.36 month) showed greater survival than those that did not (median survival: 15.31 month; P < 0.001). Metastasectomy was undertaken more frequently for cutaneous (M1a) metastasis compared with non-M1a metastasis (34.6% vs. 28.4%, P < 0.001). Of those receiving metastasectomy, 20.3% also received primary site resection, 33.6% radiation, 26.5% chemotherapy and 31.5% immunotherapy. Controlling for covariates on Cox proportional hazard analysis, all metastasectomy patients demonstrated longer survival [Hazard Ratio = 0.519, P < 0.001; CI 95% (0.495-0.545)] as well as when analysing solely M1a metastasectomy patients [Hazard Ratio = 0.546, P < 0.001; CI 95% (0.456-0.653)], lung (M1b) metastasectomy patients [Hazard Ratio = 0.389, P < 0.001; CI 95% (0.328-0.462)] and visceral (M1c) metastasectomy patients [Hazard Ratio = 0.474, P < 0.001; CI 95% (0.434-0.517)]., Conclusion: Metastasectomy for Stage IV melanoma is independently associated with improved OS in metastatic cases involving the skin, lung and visceral organs., (© 2019 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Declining recommended surgery in primary cutaneous melanoma: an analysis of risk factors and survival.
- Author
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Elias ML, John AM, Weisberger JS, Lambert WC, and Schwartz RA
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Humans, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, SEER Program, Survival Rate, United States, Melanoma surgery, Skin Neoplasms surgery, Treatment Refusal statistics & numerical data
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Reflectance confocal microscopy in the evaluation of targetoid haemosiderotic haemangioma apropos two cases.
- Author
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Navarrete-Dechent C, Schwartz R, González S, González S, Abarzúa Á, and Uribe P
- Subjects
- Adult, Dermoscopy, Female, Hemangioma metabolism, Hemangioma pathology, Hemosiderin metabolism, Hemosiderosis metabolism, Humans, Microscopy, Confocal, Middle Aged, Skin Neoplasms metabolism, Skin Neoplasms pathology, Hemangioma diagnostic imaging, Hemosiderosis diagnostic imaging, Skin Neoplasms diagnostic imaging
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Effectiveness of Mohs micrographic surgery for nonmelanoma skin cancer: a systematic review protocol.
- Author
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Tokede O, Jadotte YT, Nkemjika S, Holly C, Cohen P, Schwartz R, Watkins A, and Dellavalle R
- Subjects
- Humans, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Quality of Life, Skin Neoplasms mortality, Systematic Reviews as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Adenocarcinoma surgery, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell surgery, Mohs Surgery methods, Skin Neoplasms surgery
- Abstract
Review Objectives/questions: The objective of the review is to evaluate the effectiveness of Mohs micrographic surgery on the mortality, recurrence and quality of life of patients with nonmelanoma skin cancers when compared with other treatment modalities.Specifically, it aims to examine the effectiveness of Mohs micrographic surgery compared with other treatment modalities such as excisional surgery, curettage and electrodessication and radiation therapy, as well as nonsurgical/chemotherapeutic interventions such as topical 5-fluorouracil and imiquimod immunotherapy in the management of nonmelanoma skin cancers.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Basal cell naevus syndrome: an update on genetics and treatment.
- Author
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John AM and Schwartz RA
- Subjects
- Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use, Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome pathology, Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome therapy, Diagnosis, Differential, Hedgehog Proteins antagonists & inhibitors, Humans, Neoplasm Metastasis, Patched-2 Receptor genetics, Photochemotherapy methods, Skin Neoplasms pathology, Skin Neoplasms therapy, Treatment Outcome, Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome genetics, Mutation genetics, Skin Neoplasms genetics
- Abstract
Basal cell naevus syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder that stems from mutations in multiple genes, most commonly patched 1 (PTCH1). The classic triad of symptoms consists of basal cell carcinomas, jaw keratocysts and cerebral calcifications, although there are many other systemic manifestations. Because of the broad range of symptoms and development of several types of tumours, early diagnosis and close monitoring are essential to preserve quality of life. Targeting treatment is often difficult because of tumour prevalence. Newer inhibitors of the hedgehog signalling pathway and proteins involved in proliferative growth have shown therapeutic promise. In addition, preventive medications are being devised. We propose a method for determining appropriate treatment for cutaneous tumours., (© 2015 British Association of Dermatologists.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Neonatal leukaemia cutis.
- Author
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Handler MZ and Schwartz RA
- Subjects
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute pathology, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute therapy, Prognosis, Skin Neoplasms pathology, Skin Neoplasms therapy, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute diagnosis, Skin Neoplasms diagnosis
- Abstract
Neonatal leukaemia cutis is a significant neoplasm that may represent a cutaneous manifestation of systemic leukaemia, usually of myeloblastic type. Rarely, it may be or appear to be limited to skin, in which case it is called neonatal aleukaemic leukaemia cutis. By definition, it presents within the first 4 weeks of life and often has a 'blueberry muffin baby' appearance of magenta coloured nodules affecting almost any area of the skin, usually sparing mucous membranes, palms and soles. This clinical pattern is more commonly associated with neonatal infections such rubella and toxoplasmosis, and may be evident with other neonatal neoplasms such as neuroblastoma. Due to the morbidity associated with chemotherapy and reported cases of spontaneous remission without systemic progression in those with neonatal aleukaemic leukaemia cutis without 11q23 translocation, the authors not treating the child with chemotherapy, but to simply monitor for fading of the violaceous nodules, and watch for possible signs of systemic leukaemia., (© 2015 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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9. Merkel cell carcinoma: is this a true carcinoma?
- Author
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Jankowski M, Kopinski P, Schwartz R, and Czajkowski R
- Subjects
- B-Lymphocytes immunology, Chromogranin A metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Genetic Markers, Humans, Keratins metabolism, Merkel cell polyomavirus, Neuroendocrine Cells cytology, Neuropeptides metabolism, PAX5 Transcription Factor metabolism, Phenotype, Carcinoma, Merkel Cell classification, Carcinoma, Merkel Cell diagnosis, Polyomavirus Infections classification, Polyomavirus Infections diagnosis, Skin Neoplasms classification, Skin Neoplasms diagnosis
- Abstract
Recent years have brought an enhanced understanding of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) biology, especially with regard to the Merkel cell polyoma virus as a causative agent. Differences between Merkel cell polyomavirus-positive and Merkel cell polyomavirus-negative MCC in morphology; gene expression, miRNA profiles and prognosis have been reported. Origin of MCC is controversial. Presence of neurosecretory granules has suggested that these carcinomas originate from one of the neurocrest derivatives, most probably Merkel cells; the name Merkel cell carcinoma is now widely accepted. Expression of PGP 9.5, chromogranin A and several neuropeptides, initially regarded as specific markers for neural and neuroendocrine cells, has recently been shown in a subset of lymphomas. MCC commonly expresses terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and PAX5. Their co-expression under physiologic circumstances is restricted to pro/pre-B cells and pre-B cells. These findings lead to the hypothesis by zur Hausen et al. that MCC originates from early B cells. This review was intended to critically appraise zur Hausen's hypothesis and discuss the possibility that MCC is a heterogenous entity with distinct subtypes., (© 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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10. Nodular Kaposi's sarcoma associated with colon cancer.
- Author
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Majewski S, Nawrocka A, Wydrzynska A, Owczarek W, and A Schwartz R
- Subjects
- Aged, 80 and over, Humans, Male, Colonic Neoplasms pathology, Neoplasms, Multiple Primary pathology, Sarcoma, Kaposi pathology, Skin Neoplasms pathology
- Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a multicentric, malignant neoplasm of a complex and still unclear etiology. We present the case of 87-year-old man referred to our dermatology department with the coexistence of two separate malignances: nodular KS and colon cancer. The patient observed the cutaneous nodules 3 months after colon cancer surgery. The question arises of whether the intestinal malignancy-associated weakened immune system exacerbated what was potentially preexisting but unapparent KS, or actually triggered development of KS.
- Published
- 2011
11. Infantile haemangiomas: a challenge in paediatric dermatology.
- Author
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Schwartz RA, Sidor MI, Musumeci ML, Lin RL, and Micali G
- Subjects
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists therapeutic use, Cell Proliferation, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Propranolol therapeutic use, Risk Assessment, Hemangioma drug therapy, Hemangioma pathology, Hemangioma surgery, Neovascularization, Pathologic drug therapy, Neovascularization, Pathologic pathology, Neovascularization, Pathologic surgery, Skin Neoplasms drug therapy, Skin Neoplasms pathology, Skin Neoplasms surgery
- Abstract
Infantile haemangiomas, common benign vascular tumours of childhood, are characterized by rapid growth during the first year of life and a slow regression that is usually completed at 7-10 years of age. These tumours are composed of endothelial cells with high mitotic rates and stromal components such as fibroblasts, mast cells and pericytes. Haemangiomas become a challenge when they are part of a syndrome, are located in certain areas of the body or when complications develop. The above-mentioned factors also influence the treatment modality used. However, although there remain many uncertainties regarding management, the beta-adrenergic receptor blocker propranolol is a promising new candidate for first-line systemic therapy. It produces such a dramatic and rapid response that the appearance of an infantile haemangioma should impart expeditious consideration of the risks and benefits of its use.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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12. Actinic keratosis: an occupational and environmental disorder.
- Author
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Schwartz RA, Bridges TM, Butani AK, and Ehrlich A
- Subjects
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell diagnosis, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell prevention & control, Disease Progression, Female, Humans, Keratosis diagnosis, Keratosis prevention & control, Male, Skin Neoplasms diagnosis, Skin Neoplasms prevention & control, Ultraviolet Rays adverse effects, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell etiology, Environmental Exposure adverse effects, Keratosis etiology, Occupational Exposure adverse effects, Skin Neoplasms etiology
- Abstract
Solar ultraviolet light electromagnetic waves are a known environmental carcinogenic agent closely associated with the development of skin cancer in light-complexioned individuals. Outdoor workers have higher annual exposure to ultraviolet light. We will review the topic of actinic keratoses among these individuals as this common rudimentary form of superficial cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is explored in greater detail.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus.
- Author
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Miteva LG, Dourmishev AL, and Schwartz RA
- Subjects
- Child Welfare, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Carcinoma, Verrucous etiology, Inflammation etiology, Leg Dermatoses etiology, Nevus pathology, Skin Neoplasms etiology
- Abstract
Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus (ILVEN) is an unusual unilateral eruption with onset usually in infancy or childhood, female predominance, frequent left leg involvement, pruritus, refractoriness to therapy, and a psoriasiform histologic pattern. We review this disorder in describing a 5-year-old girl who also had melanodontia, an association not previously observed to our knowledge.
- Published
- 2001
14. Brooke-Spiegler syndrome.
- Author
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Szepietowski JC, Wasik F, Szybejko-Machaj G, Bieniek A, and Schwartz RA
- Subjects
- Adult, Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic genetics, Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic pathology, Head and Neck Neoplasms genetics, Humans, Male, Neoplasms, Basal Cell genetics, Neoplasms, Basal Cell pathology, Neoplasms, Multiple Primary pathology, Skin Neoplasms pathology, Head and Neck Neoplasms pathology, Neoplasms, Multiple Primary genetics, Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary pathology, Skin Neoplasms genetics
- Abstract
The Brooke-Spiegler syndrome is an autosomal dominant one characterized by cylindromas, trichoepitheliomas and occasionally spiradenomas. Within a given family, some members may have cylindromas whereas others may have trichoepitheliomas or both. We describe the coexistence of trichoepithelioma papulosum multiplex (also known as epithelioma adenoides cysticum of Brooke) and cylindromas in a 30-year-old man, and discuss the relationship between these two autosomal dominant syndromes.
- Published
- 2001
15. Sentinel lymph node mapping in melanoma with technetium-99m dextran.
- Author
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Neubauer S, Mena I, Iglesis R, Schwartz R, Acevedo JC, Leon A, and Gomez L
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Lymph Node Excision, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Prognosis, Radionuclide Imaging, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy, Carcinoma, Merkel Cell diagnostic imaging, Dextrans, Lymph Nodes diagnostic imaging, Melanoma diagnostic imaging, Organotechnetium Compounds, Skin Neoplasms diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this work is to evaluate the capability of Tc99m B Dextran as a lymphoscintigraphic agent in the detection of the sentinel node in skin lesions., Materials and Methods: Forty-one patients with melanomas (39) and Merkel cell tumors (2) had perilesional intradermal injection of Tc99m-Dextran 2 hours before surgery. Serial gamma camera images and a handheld gamma probe were used to direct sentinel node biopsy., Results: In 39/41 patients, lymph channels and 52 sentinel nodes (one to three sentinel nodes/patient) could be visualized. In one patient, with a dorsal melanoma, no lymph channels or lymph nodes could be demonstrated on the images and only minimal radioactivity was found in the regional nodes with the probe. Another patient with a facial lesion failed to demonstrate lymph channels or nodes. No adverse reactions were observed., Conclusion: Tc99m-Dextran provided good definition of lymph channels and sentinel node localization, without the risks related to the use of potentially hazardous labeled materials of biological origin.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Melanoma in children.
- Author
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Patterson WM, Lefkowitz A, Schwartz RA, Lambert WC, and Rao BK
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Melanoma congenital, Melanoma therapy, Nevus, Pigmented congenital, Nevus, Pigmented therapy, Skin Neoplasms congenital, Skin Neoplasms therapy, Xeroderma Pigmentosum pathology, Xeroderma Pigmentosum therapy, Melanoma pathology, Skin Neoplasms pathology
- Published
- 2000
17. Trichoepithelioma papulosum multiplex.
- Author
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Centurión SA, Schwartz RA, and Lambert WC
- Subjects
- Diagnosis, Differential, History, 19th Century, Humans, Neoplasms, Basal Cell diagnosis, Neoplasms, Basal Cell etiology, Neoplasms, Basal Cell history, Neoplasms, Basal Cell pathology, Neoplasms, Multiple Primary diagnosis, Neoplasms, Multiple Primary etiology, Neoplasms, Multiple Primary history, Neoplasms, Multiple Primary pathology, Skin Neoplasms diagnosis, Skin Neoplasms etiology, Skin Neoplasms history, Skin Neoplasms pathology
- Abstract
Trichoepithelioma papulosum multiplex is an uncommon autosomal dominant disorder in which multiple trichoepitheliomas are seen. Its cause may be a defective tumor suppressor gene. Studies have mapped this gene to the 9p21 locus. However, there is a parallel or identical syndrome of multiple trichoepitheliomas and cylindromas. Within a given family, some members may have cyclindromas whereas others may have trichoepitheliomas or a combination of both. Although preliminary evidence suggests a different gene is responsible, it is possible that TPM may be caused by more than two independent genes, with some cases of TPM due to impairment of the gene for cylindromatosis. This entity, as well as other disorders with multiple appendageal tumors, may require clarification and distinction from TPM.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Cutaneous metastatic lung cancer: literature review and report of a tumor on the nose from a large cell undifferentiated carcinoma.
- Author
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Rubinstein RY, Baredes S, Caputo J, Galati L, and Schwartz RA
- Subjects
- Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Skin pathology, Treatment Outcome, Carcinoma, Large Cell diagnosis, Carcinoma, Large Cell secondary, Lung Neoplasms diagnosis, Nose, Skin Neoplasms diagnosis, Skin Neoplasms secondary
- Abstract
Cutaneous metastatic disease is a prognostically important diagnosis. We report the case of a 64-year-old man who had an uncommon histologic type of lung cancer--a large cell undifferentiated carcinoma, which was metastatic to the skin of the nose. The relative frequency of cutaneous metastasis is similar to that of primary cancers. Cutaneous disease as the first sign of metastasis is most often seen in cancer of the lung. However, its appearance as a large tumor on the nose, which was observed in this case, is unusual.
- Published
- 2000
19. Kaposi's sarcoma. New treatment modalities.
- Author
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Gascón P and Schwartz RA
- Subjects
- Biological Products therapeutic use, Humans, Male, Sarcoma, Kaposi therapy, Skin Neoplasms therapy
- Abstract
Over the last 20 years of experience with the AIDS epidemic, we have accumulated a great body of knowledge on Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), a major cause of morbidity and mortality in AIDS patients, especially among homosexual and bisexual men. New antiretroviral therapies, in particular the protease inhibitors, appear to be changing the clinical course of KS. Now, it is not unusual to observe a complete resolution and control of KS with the use of these new agents. As we have begun to unravel the pathogenesis of KS, new treatment modalities have merged targeting some of its pathogenic pathways. Although, chemotherapy remains the cornerstone of its treatment, in particular with the new liposomal preparations, new agents may soon change our approach to KS. Experimental therapies being evaluated in ongoing clinical trials include angiogenesis inhibitors, hormonal therapies, retinoic acid derivatives, and immune modulators such as interleukin 12. Better treatment for HIV, and new experimental therapies targeting the pathogenic mechanisms of KS allow us to envision the future treatment of KS with a certain degree of optimism.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Melanoma precursors in children.
- Author
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Lefkowitz A, Schwartz RA, and Janniger CK
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Diagnosis, Differential, Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome complications, Humans, Immune Tolerance, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Melanoma etiology, Nevus, Pigmented complications, Nevus, Pigmented congenital, Risk Factors, Skin Neoplasms etiology, Xeroderma Pigmentosum complications, Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome diagnosis, Melanoma diagnosis, Skin Neoplasms diagnosis
- Published
- 1999
21. Mutilating facial sarcoidosis.
- Author
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Dumitrescu SM, Schwartz RA, Baredes S, Whitworth JA, McDonald R, Zarbin M, Langer P, Ho A, and Lambert WC
- Subjects
- Adult, Facial Dermatoses complications, Female, Humans, Nose pathology, Orbital Neoplasms etiology, Sarcoidosis complications, Skin Neoplasms etiology, Facial Dermatoses pathology, Orbital Neoplasms pathology, Sarcoidosis pathology, Skin Neoplasms pathology
- Abstract
We report a patient with massive facial sarcoidosis. While skin involvement is a common manifestation of sarcoidosis, it is unusual to see it in the dramatic form of cutaneous tumors with mutilation of the central face. There are few reports of tumoral cutaneous sarcoidosis like that of our patient.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Nevus comedonicus.
- Author
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Lefkowitz A, Schwartz RA, and Lambert WC
- Subjects
- Diagnosis, Differential, Hamartoma pathology, Humans, Skin Diseases pathology, Nevus pathology, Skin pathology, Skin Neoplasms pathology
- Abstract
The nevus comedonicus (NC) is an uncommon variant of adnexal hamartoma which appears clinically as linear groups of open comedones. Its name may be a misnomer since, according to some, true comedones are not present. NC usually occurs by itself but may be linked with a variety of systemic findings such as skeletal or ocular anomalies. Although the nevus comedonicus is viewed by many as a hamartoma arising from a defective mesoderm, others consider this lesion to be an epidermal nevus involving the hair follicle or an appendageal nevus of sweat ducts.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Localized limb cutaneous metastases.
- Author
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Helm KF, Billingsley EY, Zangwill BC, and Schwartz RA
- Subjects
- Aged, Carcinoma, Merkel Cell drug therapy, Carcinoma, Merkel Cell surgery, Combined Modality Therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Melanoma drug therapy, Melanoma surgery, Skin Neoplasms drug therapy, Skin Neoplasms surgery, Carcinoma, Merkel Cell secondary, Leg, Melanoma secondary, Skin Neoplasms pathology
- Abstract
Cutaneous metastatic disease may be evident in a variety of forms and locations. Anatomically, it may on occasion be confined as localized limb metastases. We report on two patients with localized limb metastases, one from melanoma and the other from Merkel cell carcinoma. Patients with localized limb metastasis have a poor prognosis; however, treatment options not available for generalized cutaneous metastatic disease, such as amputation or isolated limb perfusion with chemotherapeutic agents, can be at times be beneficially employed.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
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24. The actinic keratosis. A perspective and update.
- Author
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Schwartz RA
- Subjects
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell epidemiology, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell etiology, Humans, Incidence, Keratosis epidemiology, Keratosis etiology, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced epidemiology, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced etiology, Precancerous Conditions epidemiology, Precancerous Conditions etiology, Prevalence, Skin Neoplasms epidemiology, Skin Neoplasms etiology, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell pathology, Keratosis pathology, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced pathology, Precancerous Conditions pathology, Skin Neoplasms pathology, Sunlight adverse effects
- Abstract
Background: Actinic keratosis (AK) is a common sun-induced precancerous neoplasm confined to the epidermis. It is the initial manifestation of a continuum of clinical and histologic abnormalities that progresses to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a disorder that accounts for thousands of preventable deaths in America each year., Objective: The purpose of this work is to describe the actinic keratosis., Methods: This effort was performed by a literature review and analysis., Results: Like SCCs, the vast majority of AKs are asymptomatic. Although some actinic keratoses may become clinically inapparent, possibly either due to immune rejection or simply having their external surface unknowingly scraped off, an untreated AK represents a potentially curable fatal cancer., Conclusions: Each AK should be treated before it progresses to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Destructive modalities such as cryosurgery using liquid nitrogen and electrodesiccation and curettage are the mainstays of therapy. Each case must be individualized., Learning Objectives: After studying this article, participant should be able to: 1. Understand the concept of an actinic keratosis. 2. Learn how to recognize its clinical manifestations. 3. Be aware of the danger it poses as an easily curable papulonodule that may become a fatal cancer.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
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25. Advances in skin cancer. A tribute to Professor Frederick Helm on the occasion of his 70th birthday.
- Author
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Schwartz RA
- Subjects
- Austria, History, 20th Century, Humans, New York, Skin Neoplasms history
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Triple extramammary Paget's disease.
- Author
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Kitajima S, Yamamoto K, Tsuji T, and Schwartz RA
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Axilla, Genital Neoplasms, Male radiotherapy, Humans, Lymph Nodes pathology, Lymph Nodes radiation effects, Lymphatic Metastasis pathology, Lymphatic Metastasis radiotherapy, Male, Paget Disease, Extramammary radiotherapy, Skin Neoplasms radiotherapy, Genital Neoplasms, Male pathology, Paget Disease, Extramammary pathology, Skin Neoplasms pathology
- Abstract
Background: Triple extramammary Paget's disease (TEPD) has been considered to be rare in the English literature, and its incidence and characteristics are unclear. There are many therapeutic options for treating extramammary Paget's disease (EPD)., Objective: Our purpose was to investigate how many TEPD cases have been reported previously and to describe their characteristics. We also describe the effectiveness of radiotherapy for them., Methods: We report two TEPD cases, and summarize previously reported TEPD cases together with our cases., Results: Twenty-three TEPD cases have been reported previously. Of these, 19 cases have been in Japan. All but one patient with TEPD were male. Their axillary lesions often showed no eruptions or very slight erythema. Radiotherapy for our cases was effective although the effectiveness of radiotherapy is controversial., Conclusion: In genital Paget's disease bilateral axillae should be examined histologically, even if they show no or slight eruptions. Radiotherapy may be useful for EPD, particularly axillary Paget's disease.
- Published
- 1997
27. Congenital neurocutaneous melanosis.
- Author
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Cruz MA, Cho ES, Schwartz RA, and Janniger CK
- Subjects
- Child, Humans, Nevus, Pigmented congenital, Skin Neoplasms congenital, Melanoma pathology, Meningeal Neoplasms pathology, Nevus, Pigmented pathology, Skin Neoplasms pathology
- Published
- 1997
28. Arsenic and the skin.
- Author
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Schwartz RA
- Subjects
- Environmental Exposure, Humans, Occupational Exposure, Viscera, Arsenic Poisoning, Keratosis chemically induced, Neoplasms chemically induced, Skin Neoplasms chemically induced
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Mycosis fungoides palmaris et plantaris: successful treatment with the carbon dioxide laser.
- Author
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Goldberg DJ, Stampien TM, and Schwartz RA
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mycosis Fungoides pathology, Skin Neoplasms pathology, Foot surgery, Hand surgery, Laser Therapy, Mycosis Fungoides surgery, Skin Neoplasms surgery
- Abstract
Mycosis fungoides palmaris et plantaris (MFPP) is an uncommon form of mycosis fungoides with main involvement on palms and soles. The lesions may be quite hyperkeratotic. A 56-year-old patient with MFPP was successfully treated with the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser. There was no recurrence of disease at treated sites and excellent cosmetic results were obtained. Treatment with the CO2 laser may be considered a therapeutic option.
- Published
- 1997
30. Surgical management of mycosis fungoides.
- Author
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Lambert WC, Cohen PJ, and Schwartz RA
- Subjects
- Adult, Humans, Male, Mycosis Fungoides pathology, Skin Neoplasms pathology, Mycosis Fungoides surgery, Skin Neoplasms surgery
- Abstract
Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a type of cutaneous hyperproliferative T-cell disorder that may be localized. Although there is considerable controversy regarding whether MF may originate as a non-neoplastic condition, or even whether MF is a neoplastic condition until late in its course, we have seen a few cases undergo what appeared to us to be a clear progression from an inflammatory disorder to MF. We now report a 32-year-old man with MF most prominent on his right flank and buttock who developed his patches several weeks following, and in the precise locations in which he had experienced, exposure to toxic chemicals in an industrial accident. Because of this history, and because all lesions were transient except for these sites, these permanent lesions were treated with local surgical excision. There was no recurrence of disease at the treated sites, and the progression of MF markedly slowed following surgery, although he has continued to experience multi-focal transient recurrent disease, controlled by a combination of topical and systemic treatments, until the present time. Destructive methods such as excisional surgery or carbon dioxide laser may be considered a therapeutic option for localized MF.
- Published
- 1997
31. Premalignant keratinocytic neoplasms.
- Author
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Schwartz RA
- Subjects
- Arsenicals adverse effects, Cicatrix pathology, Hot Temperature adverse effects, Humans, Keratinocytes pathology, Keratosis chemically induced, Keratosis etiology, Precancerous Conditions chemically induced, Precancerous Conditions etiology, Skin Neoplasms chemically induced, Skin Neoplasms etiology, Tars adverse effects, Keratosis pathology, Precancerous Conditions pathology, Skin Neoplasms pathology
- Abstract
Premalignant keratinocytic keratoses are common, especially in pale-complected persons in whom they appear most often as an actinic keratosis. Although the actinic keratosis has a very low malignant potential, arsenic, tar, thermal, scar, reactional, and radiation keratoses may be more clinically aggressive. This article discusses these premalignant keratinocytic neoplasms.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Juvenile melanoma (Spitz nevus).
- Author
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Helm KF, Schwartz RA, and Janniger CK
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Male, Melanoma diagnosis, Melanoma surgery, Nevus, Epithelioid and Spindle Cell diagnosis, Nevus, Epithelioid and Spindle Cell surgery, Skin Neoplasms diagnosis, Skin Neoplasms surgery, Melanoma pathology, Nevus, Epithelioid and Spindle Cell pathology, Skin Neoplasms pathology
- Published
- 1996
33. Kaposi's sarcoma: advances and perspectives.
- Author
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Schwartz RA
- Subjects
- AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections pathology, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections therapy, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections virology, Cell Lineage, Cytokines physiology, Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 physiology, Gene Products, tat physiology, Growth Inhibitors physiology, HIV-1, Hepatocyte Growth Factor physiology, Herpesviridae Infections pathology, Humans, Hyperplasia, Oncostatin M, Peptides physiology, tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Sarcoma, Kaposi etiology, Sarcoma, Kaposi pathology, Sarcoma, Kaposi secondary, Sarcoma, Kaposi therapy, Sarcoma, Kaposi virology, Skin Neoplasms etiology, Skin Neoplasms pathology, Skin Neoplasms therapy, Skin Neoplasms virology
- Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is an unusual neoplasm that has proved to be an enigma in many ways since its original description by Kaposi in 1872. Its epidemiology has stimulated tremendous interest, amplified markedly in 1981 when it became known as an original defining part of the complex of immune disorders now known as AIDS. The cell of origin, etiology, and therapy for both AIDS-associated and AIDS-unassociated KS continue as matters of intense investigation. In fact, whether it is a reactive hyperplasia or a true malignancy is still a matter of debate, as is the concept of multicentricity versus metastases. Epidemiologic studies suggest that a separate agent apart from HIV-1 may cause KS. A newly postulated KS-associated herpes virus may be linked. The role of the HIV-1 tat gene product, basic fibroblast growth factor, scatter factor, oncostatin M, and other factors that regulate the growth of KS cells are discussed, as well as therapeutic options.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Histopathologic aspects of cutaneous metastatic disease.
- Author
-
Schwartz RA
- Subjects
- Adenocarcinoma pathology, Adenocarcinoma secondary, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell pathology, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell secondary, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Microscopy, Electron, Staining and Labeling, Carcinoma pathology, Carcinoma secondary, Skin Neoplasms pathology, Skin Neoplasms secondary
- Abstract
In cutaneous metastatic disease the histologic pattern may be specific or nonspecific. Carcinoma cutis most often shows only the nonspecific pattern of an adenocarcinoma, a squamous cell carcinoma, or an undifferentiated metastatic tumor. However, certain clinical and histologic characteristics may suggest a primary tumor site and type. In addition, special histologic stains and the use of immunohistochemical and electronmicroscopic techniques may also prove valuable in the diagnosis of carcinoma cutis and other cutaneous metastatic diseases.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Cutaneous metastatic disease.
- Author
-
Schwartz RA
- Subjects
- Breast Neoplasms pathology, Carcinoma, Renal Cell secondary, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell secondary, Digestive System Neoplasms pathology, Female, Humans, Kidney Neoplasms pathology, Leukemia pathology, Lymphoma pathology, Male, Melanoma secondary, Mesothelioma secondary, Neuroblastoma secondary, Prognosis, Respiratory Tract Neoplasms pathology, Sarcoma secondary, Skin Neoplasms epidemiology, Skin Neoplasms therapy, Urogenital Neoplasms pathology, Skin Neoplasms secondary
- Abstract
The relative frequencies of cutaneous metastases are similar to those of the primary cancers; breast, colon, and melanoma are the most frequent in women and lung, colon, and melanoma are the most common in men. Cutaneous metastases represent an opportunity to detect a potentially treatable cancer before other evidence of it is present, to modify therapy as appropriate to the tumor stage, or possibly to use the cutaneous lesion as a source of easily accessible tumor cells for specific therapy. Cutaneous metastatic disease as the first sign of internal cancer is most commonly seen with cancer of the lung, kidney, and ovary.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Ecchymotic Kaposi's sarcoma.
- Author
-
Schwartz RA, Spicer MS, Thomas I, Janniger CK, and Lambert WC
- Subjects
- Adult, Biopsy, Diagnosis, Differential, Ecchymosis complications, Ecchymosis diagnosis, Fatal Outcome, HIV Seropositivity complications, Humans, Male, Sarcoma, Kaposi complications, Sarcoma, Kaposi diagnosis, Skin Neoplasms complications, Skin Neoplasms diagnosis, Ecchymosis pathology, HIV Seropositivity diagnosis, Sarcoma, Kaposi pathology, Skin Neoplasms pathology
- Abstract
We report two patients with ecchymotic patches that did not suggest the diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma. The principal complaint of one patient was facial and periorbital edema with bilateral periorbital ecchymosis. On his trunk were patches resembling pityriasis rosea-like Kaposi's sarcoma. Both types of lesions proved to be Kaposi's sarcoma on histologic examination. The second patient had scattered ecchymotic lesions, with typical lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma elsewhere on his body. The ecchymotic lesions showed a large amount of extravasated red blood cells and no evidence of amyloid. This variant has not been described previously to our knowledge.
- Published
- 1995
37. Verrucous carcinoma of the skin and mucosa.
- Author
-
Schwartz RA
- Subjects
- Combined Modality Therapy, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Incidence, Mucous Membrane pathology, Prognosis, Carcinoma, Verrucous classification, Carcinoma, Verrucous diagnosis, Carcinoma, Verrucous epidemiology, Carcinoma, Verrucous etiology, Carcinoma, Verrucous therapy, Skin Neoplasms classification, Skin Neoplasms diagnosis, Skin Neoplasms epidemiology, Skin Neoplasms etiology, Skin Neoplasms therapy
- Abstract
The concept of verrucous carcinoma as a clinicopathologic variant of squamous cell carcinoma is worthy of recognition. It is known by a confusing array of names, such as Ackerman's tumor, Buschke-Loewenstein tumor, florid oral papillomatosis, epithelioma cuniculatum, carcinoma cuniculatum, and cutis papillomatosis carcinoides of Gottron. Its apparent clinical benignity may lead to lengthy periods of misdiagnosis, during which it is likely not to spread to distant lymph nodes, but rather to destroy a nose, mandible, or penis as it slowly but relentlessly extends into underlying tissue. Morphologically warty or verrucous, its relatively bland histologic features are often more suggestive of a verruca vulgaris or pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia than of squamous cell carcinoma to those unfamiliar with the diagnosis. Alternatively, when it extends into underlying tissues, it may be mistaken histologically for a benign adnexal tumor or even an epidermoid cyst. Therapy may also be challenging because recurrences are common and concerns about potential anaplastic transformation after radiotherapy are often expressed.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Sclerosing basal cell carcinoma: management with electron beam therapy.
- Author
-
Spicer MS, Kazem I, Janniger CK, and Schwartz RA
- Subjects
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell pathology, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Nose Neoplasms pathology, Radiotherapy Dosage, Radiotherapy, High-Energy, Sclerosis, Skin Neoplasms pathology, Carcinoma, Basal Cell radiotherapy, Nose Neoplasms radiotherapy, Skin Neoplasms radiotherapy
- Abstract
There are two types of sclerosing basal cell carcinoma (BCC), one entirely with this histology and a second with a prominent sclerosing component. Sclerosing BCC and nodular BCC with a sclerosing component often represent a difficult diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.
- Published
- 1994
39. Treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma.
- Author
-
Gascón P and Schwartz RA
- Subjects
- Combined Modality Therapy, Cryotherapy, Humans, Immunotherapy, Interferon-alpha therapeutic use, Radiotherapy, Vinblastine administration & dosage, Sarcoma, Kaposi therapy, Skin Neoplasms therapy
- Published
- 1994
40. Actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma.
- Author
-
Kuflik AS and Schwartz RA
- Subjects
- Humans, Sunlight adverse effects, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell etiology, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell therapy, Keratosis etiology, Keratosis therapy, Precancerous Conditions etiology, Precancerous Conditions therapy, Skin Neoplasms etiology, Skin Neoplasms therapy
- Abstract
Actinic keratosis is a common skin disorder in elderly patients with fair complexions. It is caused by exposure to ultraviolet light. If left untreated, actinic keratosis may progress to squamous cell carcinoma. The metastatic potential and prognosis vary with the type and location of the lesion. Several approaches to treatment are available, including local destruction, excisional surgery, Mohs surgery, cryosurgery and radiotherapy.
- Published
- 1994
41. Keloidal Kaposi's sarcoma: report of three patients.
- Author
-
Schwartz RA, Spicer MS, Janniger CK, Cohen PJ, Melczer MM, and Lambert WC
- Subjects
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome complications, Adult, Humans, Male, Sarcoma, Kaposi etiology, Skin pathology, Skin Neoplasms etiology, Keloid pathology, Sarcoma, Kaposi pathology, Skin Neoplasms pathology
- Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma is a unique neoplasm which has emerged as an important element of AIDS in homosexuals but not in others at high risk for AIDS. The biology of this important tumor may be related to cytokines secreted by HIV-infected cells and/or by Kaposi's sarcoma cells themselves. We report 3 patients with multiple keloid-like tumors. These lesions proved to be Kaposi's sarcoma histologically, yet with a unique keloidal component. This variant has not been described previously. It is possible that cytokines that stimulate Kaposi's sarcoma cell growth may also stimulate proliferation of local fibroblasts to produce this variant.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The red face: cutaneous lymphomas.
- Author
-
Thomas I, Nychay SG, Schwartz RA, Lambert WC, and Janniger CK
- Subjects
- Humans, Mycosis Fungoides pathology, Facial Neoplasms diagnosis, Facial Neoplasms drug therapy, Facial Neoplasms etiology, Facial Neoplasms pathology, Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous diagnosis, Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous drug therapy, Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous etiology, Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous pathology, Skin Neoplasms diagnosis, Skin Neoplasms drug therapy, Skin Neoplasms etiology, Skin Neoplasms pathology
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Florid cutaneous papillomatosis.
- Author
-
Schwartz RA
- Subjects
- Humans, Papilloma pathology, Paraneoplastic Syndromes pathology, Skin Neoplasms pathology
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Lymphocytoma cutis: a series of five patients successfully treated with cryosurgery.
- Author
-
Kuflik AS and Schwartz RA
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell complications, Male, Skin Neoplasms etiology, Cryosurgery, Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell surgery, Skin Neoplasms surgery
- Abstract
Background: Lymphocytoma cutis is a rare cutaneous eruption that may possess clinical and histologic features resembling malignant lymphoma., Objective: Our purpose was to find a good method to treat patients with lymphocytoma cutis., Methods: Five patients with lymphocytoma cutis were seen; each agreed to cryosurgery., Results: In each patient the lesions responded well to cryosurgery., Conclusion: Cryosurgery appears to be an excellent therapeutic option for patients with lymphocytoma cutis. To our knowledge this is the first time liquid nitrogen has been used to eradicate these lesions.
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Bacillary angiomatosis in AIDS.
- Author
-
Nychay SG, Janniger CK, Schwartz RA, Lambert WC, and Kihiczak G
- Subjects
- Angiomatosis pathology, Bacterial Infections pathology, Biopsy, Humans, Skin Diseases, Infectious pathology, Skin Neoplasms pathology, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome complications, Angiomatosis etiology, Bacterial Infections etiology, Skin Diseases, Infectious etiology, Skin Neoplasms etiology
- Published
- 1991
46. Florid cutaneous papillomatosis, malignant acanthosis nigricans, and pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma.
- Author
-
Gheeraert P, Goens J, Schwartz RA, Lambert WC, Schroeder F, and Debusscher L
- Subjects
- Aged, Humans, Male, Acanthosis Nigricans complications, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell complications, Lung Neoplasms complications, Papilloma complications, Skin Neoplasms complications
- Abstract
A 72-year-old man had florid cutaneous papillomatosis (FCP), which is an obligatory paraneoplastic syndrome always associated with an internal malignancy. The cancer, which is usually intraabdominal and most often gastric in origin, evolves parallel to the FCP. This patient is the first case of FCP occurring in association with a lung malignancy. An association of FCP with other signs of internal cancer is common, with malignant acanthosis nigricans usually appearing many times with the sign of Leser-Trélat. FCP, malignant acanthosis nigricans, and the sign of Leser-Trélat are part of a continuum, developing by a common or similar pathogenic pathway due to an underlying malignancy producing a factor possibly similar to human epidermal growth factor.
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Extracranial metastatic glioblastoma: appearance on thallium-201-chloride/technetium-99m-HMPAO SPECT images.
- Author
-
Carvalho PA, Schwartz RB, Alexander E 3rd, Loeffler JS, Zimmerman RE, Nagel JS, and Holman BL
- Subjects
- Adult, Brain Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Brain Neoplasms therapy, Female, Glioblastoma diagnostic imaging, Glioblastoma therapy, Humans, Skin Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime, Thallium, Brain Neoplasms pathology, Glioblastoma secondary, Organotechnetium Compounds, Oximes, Scalp, Skin Neoplasms secondary, Thallium Radioisotopes, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
- Abstract
Sequential thallium-201-chloride and technetium-99m-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images were obtained in a patient with extracranial metastatic glioblastoma multiforme. Thallium-201 uptake was high (three times the scalp background) in all pathologically confirmed extracranial metastases and moderate (1.6 times scalp background) intracranially, where most biopsy specimens showed gliosis with scattered atypical astrocytes. Technetium-99m-HMPAO uptake was decreased intracranially in the right frontal and parietal lobes which had been irradiated. It was also decreased in one well-encapsulated scalp lesion and high in another scalp mass with less defined borders. Possible mechanisms of tumor uptake of these agents are reviewed.
- Published
- 1991
48. Bowenoid papulosis.
- Author
-
Schwartz RA and Janniger CK
- Subjects
- Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Genital Neoplasms, Female diagnosis, Genital Neoplasms, Male diagnosis, Humans, Male, Bowen's Disease diagnosis, Bowen's Disease therapy, Papillomaviridae, Skin Neoplasms diagnosis, Skin Neoplasms therapy, Tumor Virus Infections diagnosis, Tumor Virus Infections therapy
- Abstract
Bowenoid papulosis is an uncommon genital dysplasia induced by human papillomavirus infection. Clinically, it usually resembles persistent warts, but histologically it may be suggestive of squamous cell carcinoma in situ. This unusual disorder and recent advances in our understanding of it are reviewed.
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Verrucous carcinoma of a leg amputation stump.
- Author
-
Schwartz RA, Bagley MP, Janniger CK, and Lambert WC
- Subjects
- Aged, Humans, Leg, Male, Amputation Stumps pathology, Carcinoma, Papillary pathology, Skin Neoplasms pathology
- Abstract
Verrucous carcinoma of the skin is a rare cancer which tends to appear on the soles of the feet, although it can appear elsewhere on the cutaneous surface. It has not, to our knowledge, been previously reported on a leg amputation stump.
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract presenting with a cutaneous metastasis.
- Author
-
Schwartz RA and Fleishman JS
- Subjects
- Aged, Carcinoma, Transitional Cell secondary, Female, Groin, Humans, Skin Neoplasms pathology, Carcinoma, Transitional Cell pathology, Skin Neoplasms secondary, Urethral Neoplasms pathology
- Published
- 1981
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