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Aim: The current research aimed to evaluate the potential effect of adding platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) to the decellularized bovine pericardium (DBP) on the distal limb of donkeys' full-thickness cutaneous wounds healing (Equus asinus). Materials and Methods: Healthy male donkeys (n = 12) were used in this study. Under general anesthesia, 6 cm2 full-thickness incisions were made on the middle dorsolateral surface of both forelimbs' metacarpi. The left forelimbs were control wounds, while the right wounds were treated with PRF/DBP. Control wounds were bandaged with a standard dressing after saline irrigation and were evaluated at days 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, and 28 post-wounding. PRF/DBP-treated wounds were dressed with a combination of PRF/DBP at the first, second, and third weeks post-wounding. Clinical and histopathological examinations of the wounds were performed to assess the healing process. Additionally, the immunohistochemical evaluation and gene expression profiles of myofibroblastic and angiogenic genes (transforming growth factor-β1, vascular endothelial growth factor-A, fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF-7), and collagen type 3α1) were analyzed. Results: PRF/DBP wounds had a significantly faster healing process (61.3 ± 2.6 days) than control wounds (90.3 ± 1.4 days) (p < 0.05). The immunohistochemical examination and gene expression profile revealed significant enrichment in PRF/DBP wounds compared to control wounds. Conclusion: PRF/DBP dressing can be considered a natural and cost-effective biomaterial for enhancing the recovery of donkeys' distal limb injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed to establish the composition of wound dressing based on poly(2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate)‐chitosan (PHEM‐CS) hydrogels‐loaded cerium oxide nanoparticle (CeONPs) composites for cutaneous wound healing on nursing care of the chronic wound. The as‐synthesised PHEM‐CS/CeONPs hydrogels nanocomposites were characterised by using UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and thermo gravimetric analysis. The influence of PHEM‐CS/CeONPs hydrogels nanocomposites on the gelation time, swelling ratio, in vitro degradation, and mechanical properties was investigated. The as‐prepared PHEM‐CS/CeONPs hydrogels nanocomposites dressing shows high antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Similar trends were observed for the treatment of biofilms where PHEM‐CS/CeONPs hydrogels nanocomposites displayed better efficiency. Furthermore, the biological properties of PHEM‐CS/CeONPs hydrogels nanocomposites had non‐toxic in cell viability and excellent cell adhesion behaviour. After 2 weeks, the wounds treated with the PHEM‐CS/CeONPs hydrogels nanocomposite wound dressing achieved a significant closure to 98.5 ± 4.95% compared with the PHEM‐CS hydrogels with nearly 71 ± 3.55% of wound closure. Hence, this study strongly supports the possibility of using this novel PHEM‐CS/CeONPs hydrogels nanocomposites wound dressing for efficient cutaneous wound healing on chronic wound infection and nursing care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The skin serves as the body's first line of defense, guarding against mechanical, chemical, and thermal damage to the interior organs. It includes a highly developed immune response that serves as a barrier against pathogenic infections. Wound healing is a dynamic process underpinned by numerous cellular activities, including homeostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, that require proper harmonious integration to effectively repair the damaged tissue. Following cutaneous damage, microorganisms can quickly enter the tissues beneath the skin, which can result in chronic wounds and fatal infections. Natural phytomedicines that possess considerable pharmacological properties have been widely and effectively employed forwound treatment and infection prevention. Since ancient times, phytotherapy has been able to efficiently treat cutaneous wounds, reduce the onset of infections, and minimize the usage of antibiotics that cause critical antibiotic resistance. There are a remarkable number of wound-healing botanicals that have been widely used in the Northern Hemisphere, including Achiella millefolium, Aloe vera, Althaea officinalis, Calendula officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, Curcuma longa, Eucalyptus, Jojoba, plantain, pine, green tea, pomegranate, and Inula. This review addresses the most often used medicinal plants from the Northern Hemisphere that facilitate the treatment of wounds, and also suggests viable natural alternatives that can be used in the field of wound care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wounds are caused by skin injuries that damage the soft tissue. Wound healing is a dynamic process that involves a series of interconnected cellular and molecular processes that result in the restoration of anatomic continuity and function. Herbal therapy has been gaining popularity recently because of plants' usefulness in treating ailments with hardly any negative effects. Over the years, a variety of plant items have been developed and utilized to heal wounds. Throughvarious mechanisms, herbal extracts aid in blood clotting, infection prevention, and wound healing. This review provides a comprehensive look at herbal therapy's potential for hastening wound healing, as well as its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial properties that can be manifest in the treatment of injuries, as well as a first attempt at developing new wound-healing formulations with high potency for human use. Furthermore, we have highlighted medicinal plants as natural antioxidant resources in wound repair and healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Tissue-engineered skin has a good application prospect in promoting skin tissue wound repair and scarless healing. OBJECTIVE: To review the current research progress, application and value of tissue-engineered skin in vivo and in vitro. METHODS: A computer was used to search the relevant articles in the CNKI database and PubMed database. The Chinese and English search terms were “mesenchymal stem cells; growth factors; skin; wounds; skin repair; wound healing; regenerative medicine; tissue engineering; scaffolds”. The domestic and foreign related application articles on tissue-engineered skin construction in the treatment of skin tissue injury in recent years were checked, and the research progress of mesenchymal stem cells, growth factors, scaffold materials and dressings for new treatment methods for tissue repair was also summarized. The articles irrelevant to the subject of this article were excluded, and 78 articles were finally included for the result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The construction of tissue-engineered skin involves the selection of seed cells, the application of growth factors, and the combination of multiple elements of scaffold materials. Mesenchymal stem cells are one of the important sources of tissue-engineered skin seed cells. Growth factors optimize the tissue culture environment, and scaffold materials provide appropriate mechanical support. Therefore, how to select appropriate seed cells, growth factors and scaffold materials to construct tissue-engineered skin to treat wounds and speed up repair is the focus and research direction that should be explored in the future. In addition, the development of wound materials is also a new field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study sought to use a newly developed intracellular ATP delivery to enhance incisional wound healing to reduce surgical wound dehiscence and to explore possible mechanism for this effect. Thirty-five adult New Zealand white rabbits were used. Skin incisions were made on the back and closed. ATP-vesicles were mixed with a neutral cream for one side of the wounds while the neutral cream alone was used on the other side of the wounds. Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), biomechanical, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed 7 and 14 days after surgery, and macrophage culture was used to test the enhanced collagen production ability. Among them, 10 were used for wound perfusion study and 25 were used for wound biomechanical and histological/immunohistochemical studies. Wound tissue perfusion was reduced after surgery especially in early days. Wound tissue tensile strength, breaking stress, and elasticity were all much higher in the ATP-vesicle treated group than in the cream treated group at days 7 and 14. The healing was complemented by earlier macrophage accumulation, in situ proliferation, followed by direct collagen production. The results were further confirmed by human macrophage culture. It was concluded that intracellular ATP delivery enhanced healing strength of incisional wounds via multiple mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: inflammation; wounds; cutaneous healing; tissue regeneration; scars EN inflammation wounds cutaneous healing tissue regeneration scars 1 3 3 11/24/21 20211119 NES 211119 Healing and regeneration of wounds is a complex process that has at its core a functional inflammatory response which initiates the repair process and fights against infective pathogens. Inflammation is an evolutionarily developed process that facilitates host responses to tissue injury, and is critical in reestablishment of skin homeostasis, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. Inflammation, wounds, cutaneous healing, tissue regeneration, scars. [Extracted from the article]

Objective: Evaluate the effect of topical 1% cannabidiol on second intention wound healing in distal limb wounds of horses. Design: Experimental. Animals: Six Standardbred horses. Methods: A total of five 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm full thickness skin wounds were created on the dorsomedial aspect of the metacarpi of 6 horses. Wounds were contaminated with faeces on the day of wound creation. Each wound was then assigned to a treatment group; compounded 1% cannabidiol in unique manuka factor (UMF) 5 manuka honey, UMF 5 manuka honey, UMF 20 manuka honey or saline. Each treatment was applied topically daily for a total of 42 days. Legs were bandaged and bandages were changed, daily, for 13 days postoperatively. Digital photographs of each wound were taken on day 1 then weekly for 6 weeks. Wound size, daily healing rate and total time to healing were recorded and compared statistically. Results: Irrespective of the treatment, wounds did not retract as expected in the first 7 days after wound creation. There was no difference in wound area, daily healing rate, days to complete healing between treatment groups. Conclusions: This preliminary study failed to demonstrate any difference in wound healing variables between treatment groups in this model of second intention wound healing. This was unexpected due to the established effects of UMF 20 manuka honey on wound healing using the same model. This may be due to systemic effects of cannabidiol and study design. Further research into the use of cannabidiol in equine wounds is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skin acts as a protective barrier of body. It keeps the internal body organs safe from external environmental conditions which can prove harmful for them. So, maintenance of skin integrity is very important for normal functioning of body. In our daily life body of both animals and humans encounter to different types of violence, some of them are of such a severity that they break the skin continuity. This breakage of skin continuity is termed as wound. Whenever, the skin continuity is broken, internal organs of body are exposed. This is a dangerous situation and can be fatal for life. Immediate response of skin after wound is the start of wound healing process which starts automatically. This process can be assisted in a number of ways by keeping the wound free from bacterial contamination, moisture and dirt. For this purpose a variety of antiseptic dressings are available which when applied topically support wound healing process. They prevent wound to be contaminated by any micro-organism and reduce wound healing time. Aloe vera is one of them, it possess significant wound healing properties. Herbs have been integral to both traditional and non-traditional forms of medicine dating back at least 5000 years. Herbal medicines, especially in wound management involve disinfection, debridement and provision of a suitable environment for aiding the natural course of healing. The super focus of this review is to summarize the findings of earlier scientists with authentic concluding verse for utilization of herbal medicines (Aloe vera) being safe, readily available and cheaper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alarming data about increasing resistance to conventional antibiotics are reported, while at the same time the development of new antibiotics is stagnating. Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are mainly caused by the so called ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) which belong to the most recalcitrant bacteria and are resistant to almost all common antibiotics. S. aureus and P. aeruginosa are the most frequent pathogens isolated from chronic wounds and increasing resistance to topical antibiotics has become a major issue. Therefore, new treatment options are urgently needed. In recent years, research focused on the development of synthetic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with lower toxicity and improved activity compared to their endogenous counterparts. AMPs appear to be promising therapeutic options for the treatment of SSTIs and wounds as they show a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, low resistance rates and display pivotal immunomodulatory as well as wound healing promoting activities such as induction of cell migration and proliferation and angiogenesis. In this review, we evaluate the potential of AMPs for the treatment of bacterial SSTIs and wounds and provide an overview of the mechanisms of actions of AMPs that contribute to combat skin infections and to improve wound healing. Bacteria growing in biofilms are more resistant to conventional antibiotics than their planktonic counterparts due to limited biofilm penetration and distinct metabolic and physiological functions, and often result in chronification of infections and wounds. Thus, we further discuss the feasibility of AMPs as anti-biofilm agents. Finally, we highlight perspectives for future therapies and which issues remain to bring AMPs successfully to the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The therapeutic effects of Sidr honey on second-intention healing of contaminated full-thickness skin wounds in dogs were investigated. Povidone-iodine was used as a standard treatment and served as a control. Healthy adult (two-to-four-year-old) mongrels, comprising six dogs and two bitches, were divided into four equal groups in order to obtain multi-aged wounds at the end of the study. Four 2cm × 2cm full-thickness skin wounds were created on both sides of the back area of each dog under general anaesthesia adhering to aseptic technique. Contaminated wounds were then divided into two treatment groups: Group 1, Sidr honey treated (right side wounds) and group 2, povidone-iodine treated (left side wounds). All wounds were evaluated grossly daily at the time of treatment application and digitally photographed once every week. Images were analysed using ImageJ software. The parameters of unhealed wound area and length of advancing epithelium were obtained. The epithelialisation areas, percentage of wound area, and wound contraction rate were then calculated. No significant differences were found between the two treatment groups in any of the parameters studied. Overall, both honey treated and iodine treated wounds healed well within the time period of the study (28 d). However, the study showed a beneficial effect of Sidr honey on second-intention healing of full thickness contaminated wounds in healthy dogs and the effect was comparable to that of Povidone iodine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acaena myriophylla (cadillo) is a rosacea family plant that naturally grows in the pampas area. The Acaena myriophylla extract action over cellular and tissue components on skin wounds in white mice was analyzed. Skin wounds in mice were treated topically with diluted extracts of Acaena myriophylla for 10 days and samples were taken every day for histological analysis. In order to compare the evolution of the wounds the same procedure was applied to a non-treated group of animals. (Control group) Mice from the treated group showed an important local edema and significant delay in the healing wound process evidenced by an increase in neutrophil and fibroblast remain in the injured tissue, (P<0,05) as well as in the collagen fiber arrangement in relation to the control group. The statistic test showed significant differences (P<0.01) in the number of neutrophil and fibroblast between the treated and untreated mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Wounds occur via a multitude of causal mechanisms, and vary greatly in their nature. Therefore, reconstructing such defects requires meticulous consideration of the patient and wound. Conservative measures are sometimes sufficient for healing, but some wounds will benefit from surgical reconstruction. Knowledge of the human vascular network, in particular within the fascia, subcutaneous tissue and skin, permits an understanding of the use of one’s own tissue to help heal another body site. Skin grafts are simple thin sections of tissue that lack their own blood supply, and are transferred from one site on the body to another. Flaps, however, are composite blocks of tissue that contain their own blood supply and can be moved locally, regionally, distantly or freely to the desired site. This article reviews the use of skin grafts and flaps in aiding wound closure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The skin damage due to injury or trauma induces a healing process, however, with exposure of subcutaneous tissue that usually is sterile, it can be colonized and infected by normal skin flora or environmental, which complicates the whole process of wound healing and may occasionally promote widespread dissemination. It has been recently shown that biofilms are the main barrier to delay wound healing, for this reason it is important to establish strategies to prevent and control the formation of such microbial associations. Key words: biofilms, wounds, wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A wound is created when skin is breached. This may occur traumatically or surgically, and initiates a chain of events that should end with wound healing. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Nutrition is a provocative subject in tissue repair, particularly in relation to the skin which consists of many different tissues fulfilling various essential functions. This article, the first in a two-part series, will discuss the structure of the human skin and its variations, with indications as to the individual requirements of the cells in fulfilling their normal role in skin physiology and in repair systems. Nutrient gradients seem to play a major role in normal skin physiology and repair systems following injury. The second part will discuss in more detail the importance of major nutrient factors and their inter-relationships in tissue repair. It is clear that much of our available knowledge is derived from experimental studies in animals. Their relevance in human wound healing may be equivocal as the human skin is unique in the animal kingdom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]