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Two groups of patients were studied, one with known contact allergy to colophony and hand eczema, ‘colophony patients’, and the other consisted of patients who suspected that their eczema was caused by contact with paper, ‘paper patients’. The ‘colophony patients’ were patch tested with samples of newsprint paper, while the ‘paper patients’ were tested with samples of their own paper. Extracts of the paper and paper were applied. Testing with paper caused no reactions. All ‘colophony patients’ showed strong reactions to the tested extracts of newsprint paper. None of the ‘paper patients’ reacted to the extracts of their own paper, except those patch-test positive to colophony or maleopimaric acid, the main component of one type of modified colophony in paper size and shown experimentally to be a potent sensitizer. Colophony in paper may contribute to hand eczema in sensitized patients and the use of cotton gloves when in contact with paper might alleviate the dermatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbonless copy paper, or 'no carbon required' (NCR) paper, has often been implicated as the cause of skin, respiratory, or general symptoms, but allergy has been verified in only a cases. A 43-year-old machinist whose work involved the manufacture of NCR paper developed occupational dermatitis on the hands. On patch testing, both the NCR paper and 1 of the chemicals used to produce the microcapsules of the NCR paper, namely diethylenetriamine (DETA), provoked an allergic reaction. .Analysis of the paper showed that it contained enough DETA to induce allergic contact dermatitis. People who handle NCR paper and develop symptoms of contact dermatitis should be patch tested with DETA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noise is an unpleasant and unwanted sound for every human and animal. Noise can also interfere with one's communication and concentration. Nowadays, many sound absorber panels have been produced to overcome arising noise issues. A sound absorber panel works to absorb sound either in low or high frequencies. Usually, in Malaysia, synthetic materials are used for producing sound absorber panels. Glass fibre and minerals are the most common examples of synthetic materials used to produce sound absorber panels. In particular, glass fibre has a good result in sound absorption. However, it also brings negative effects to humans' health, such as skin inflammation, redness, cough, breathlessness, and others. Therefore, for this study, natural materials from recycling have been used to produce sound absorber panels, which are egg trays, papers, and plastics. The panels were tested with the impedance tube test to obtain the sound absorption coefficient (SAC) and the noise reduction coefficient (NRC). The values of sound absorption of plastics and papers are good at the frequency of 2,000 Hz (i.e., 0.75 and 0.74, respectively). However, the value of SAC for papers increased to 0.86, compared to the value of SAC for plastics that decreased to 0.67. Furthermore, the value of NRC for papers is better than plastics. Next, the reverberation room test was also performed on the panels to obtain the echo time value (RT) in the current unit. The comparison of echo time for this test is between the values for a room with and without panels. The results from the test showed that the value of echo time for the room with the panels is better than the room without panels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Paper mill workers have frequent and prolonged exposure to skin irritants and allergens and may have a higher risk of developing occupational dermatitis.Aims The aim of this study was to determine the extent of skin problems in a paper mill and how much was attributable to contact with allergens.Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out among 80 paper mill workers having daily exposure to skin irritants and allergens. They all completed a questionnaire, underwent a standard interview and physical examination. Workers whose history indicated possible contact allergy were patch tested and prick tested.Results Workers reported a high exposure to skin irritants, especially when carrying out tasks that caused the hands and feet to become wet from perspiration and having contact with process water. Atopic dermatitis was seen in 3% of the workers. Contact dermatitis was seen in 26% of the workers and 36% were diagnosed with mycosis of the feet. All cases of contact dermatitis and mycosis could be attributed to occupational exposure to skin irritants. No cases of relevant contact allergy were seen.Conclusion Occupational dermatitis in paper mills is primarily related to the exposure to skin irritants. Occupational physicians should be aware of the risk of occupational dermatitis in paper mill workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the increasing use of moist toilet papers, which introduced primarily for babies, by adults for cleansing perianal skin. Based on the results of a series of clinical studies, disposable baby wipes were mild to the skin. However, it was pointed out that their use can be responsible for allergic contact dermatitis.

Dermatitis is reported from slimicides added to wood pulp slurry in a paper mill. The active constituents of the slimicides involved were bis-l, 4-bromoacetoxy-2-butene and 2, 3-dichloro-4-bromotetrahydrothiophene-1, 1-dioxide. Wood pulp slimicides include many chemicals which are highly irritant and potentially sensitizing to the skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) are common, and the skin is by far the most frequently involved organ with a broad spectrum of reaction types. The diagnosis of cutaneous DHRs (CDHR) may be difficult because of multiple differential diagnoses. A correct classification is important for the correct diagnosis and management. With these guidelines, we aim to give precise definitions and provide the background needed for doctors to correctly classify CDHR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a need for researchers to have easy reference to the wide spectrum of different types of quality of life (QoL) instruments that can be used in atopic dermatitis ( AD). Previous reviews on QoL in AD do not cover the full spectrum of QoL measures used in studies on AD. This study, on behalf of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology ( EADV) Task Force on QoL, contains information on instruments available for health-related QoL and family QoL assessment in AD including information on validation, experience of QoL assessment in AD for different purposes, peculiarities of QoL assessment in different age groups, expert analysis of available instruments including data on limitations of their use and recommendations of the Task Force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first detailed description of an epicutaneous test in a case of allergy was probably in 1847 by Städeler, a chemist at the University of Göttingen. A review of the history of the tests is given; touch and other investigations such as Städeler's blotting paper strip, Jadassohn's application method (1895) and Fabre's blotting-paper square (1897). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atopic dermatitis ( AD) is a clinically defined, highly pruritic, chronic inflammatory skin disease of children and adults. The diagnosis is made using evaluated clinical criteria. Disease activity is best measured with a composite score assessing both objective signs and subjective symptoms, such as SCORAD. The management of AD must consider the clinical and pathogenic variabilities of the disease and also target flare prevention. Basic therapy includes hydrating topical treatment, as well as avoidance of specific and unspecific provocation factors. Anti-inflammatory treatment of visible skin lesions is based on topical glucocorticosteroids and the topical calcineurin inhibitors tacrolimus and pimecrolimus. Topical calcineurin inhibitors are preferred in sensitive locations. Tacrolimus and mid-potent steroids are proven for proactive therapy, which is long-term intermittent anti-inflammatory therapy of the frequently relapsing skin areas. Systemic anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive treatment is indicated for severe refractory cases. Biologicals targeting key mechanisms of the atopic immune response are promising emerging treatment options. Microbial colonization and superinfection may induce disease exacerbation and can justify additional antimicrobial treatment. Systemic antihistamines (H1R-blockers) may diminish pruritus, but do not have sufficient effect on lesions. Adjuvant therapy includes UV irradiation, preferably UVA1 or narrow-band UVB 311 nm. Dietary recommendations should be patient specific and elimination diets should only be advised in case of proven food allergy. Allergen-specific immunotherapy to aeroallergens may be useful in selected cases. Psychosomatic counselling is recommended to address stress-induced exacerbations. 'Eczema school' educational programmes have been proven to be helpful for children and adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Allergic contact dermatitis ( ACD) in children appears to be on the increase, and contact sensitization may already begin in infancy. The diagnosis of contact dermatitis requires a careful evaluation of a patient's clinical history, physical examination, and skin testing. Patch testing is the gold standard diagnostic test. Methods Based on consensus, the EAACI Task Force on Allergic Contact Dermatitis in Children produced this document to provide details on clinical aspects, the standardization of patch test methodology, and suggestions for future research in the field. Results We provide a baseline list of test allergens to be tested in children with suspected ACD. Additional tests should be performed only on specific indications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An over 2 × fold increase in para-aminoazobenzene allergy was observed in patients with allergic contact dermatitis during the years 1990-1991. Presuming that an increase in colour-printed news-papers might be a new recognized source of clinical allergy to azo dyes, patch tests were performed in 32 patients with an established p-aminoazobenzene allergy using a series of important azo dyes used in offset printing ink (Pigment Yellow 12, Pigment Yellow 13, Pigment Red 53, Pigment Red 57), as well as with dye-containing inks and specimens of colour-printed newspaper containing these azo dyes. In 25 out of the 32 patients (78%), positive patch tests were seen to textile an dyes, in particular in Disperse Orange 3(24 patients) In none of the 32 patients were reactions observed to the azo dyes used in printing ink, to the inks used or to the colour-printed paper specimens. indicating that these product were apparently not a cause of Contact dermatitis in our group of patients with azo dye sensitization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article invest investigates a case study of colophony with paper as a cause of hand eczema in a 36 year old painter. Patch tests was positive with extracts of newspapaer and newsprint paper. Test reports confirmed facial dermatitis due to tearing off large amounts of perforated computer paper. Dermatitis cleared on stopping contact with the paper.

The article presents the summaries of papers related to contact dermatitis. The most relevant allergological trigger factors of atopic eczema (AE) are food allergens and aeroallergens. Although IgE-mediated sensitizations demonstrated by skin-prick tests or in vitro measurement of specific IgE-antibodies are very frequent, these routine tests show a low specificity for clinically relevant allergy in patients with AE. Photopatch testing is indicated in the investigation of patients with eczematous eruptions affecting mainly light-exposed sites and in those who give a history of worsening of their condition with sun exposure. Ultraviolet A is administered to one set of allergens on the back, while a control set of allergens is not irradiated.

The article presents the summaries of papers related to paediatric dermatology. Atopic dermatitis (AD) accounts for at least 15% of referrals to secondary care dermatology, often requiring multiple visits and occupying much valuable time and resources. The researchers audited the usefulness of two quality-of-life measures, the Infants Dermatitis Quality of Life index (IDQOL) and Dermatitis Family Impact (DFI), which are easy to use in a routine clinical setting. A retrospective study on allergic contact dermatitis in children was conducted in Great Britain. 503 children were identified who had undergone patch testing consecutively in the reserchers' department between the years 1995 and 2004. This represents the largest study of children who have undergone patch testing in Great Britain.

The diagnosis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is made using evaluated clinical criteria. Management of AD must consider the symptomatic variability of the disease. It is based on hydrating topical treatment, and avoidance of specific and unspecific provocation factors. Anti-inflammatory treatment is used for exacerbation management. Topical corticosteroids remain the first choice. Systemic anti-inflammatory treatment should be kept to a minimum, but may be necessary in rare refractory cases. The new topical calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus and pimecrolimus) expand the available choices of topical anti-inflammatory treatment. Microbial colonization and superinfection (e.g. withStaphylococcus aureus,Malassezia furfur) can have a role in disease exacerbation and can justify the use of antimicrobials in addition to the anti-inflammatory treatment. Evidence for the efficacy of systemic antihistamines in relieving pruritus is still insufficient, but some patients seem to benefit. Adjuvant therapy includes ultraviolet (UV) irradiation preferably of UVA wavelength; UVB 311 nm has also been used successfully. Dietary recommendations should be specific and only given in diagnosed individual food allergy. Stress-induced exacerbations may make psychosomatic counselling recommendable.‘Eczema school’ educational programmes have proved to be helpful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We inform about a case of occupational allergic contact dermatitis (OACD) to methyldibromoglutaronitrile (MDBGN) in industrial hand degreasing moist toilet paper. To our knowledge, this is the first published case of OACD to MDBGN in industrial hand degreasing toilet papers. A cause–effect relationship seems to be clearly established. We believe that physicians must keep in mind that MDBGN is a strong allergen either mixed or as a single component of industrial moist toilet papers. MDBGN must be taken into account for OACD at an appropriate work environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The terminology, classification, diagnosis and treatment of self-inflicted dermatological lesions are subjects of open debate. The present study is the result of various meetings of a task force of dermatologists, psychiatrists and psychologists, all active in the field of psychodermatology, aimed at clarifying the terminology related to these disorders. A flow chart and glossary of terms and definitions are presented to facilitate the classification and management of self-inflicted skin lesions. Several terms are critically discussed, including: malingering; factitious disorders; Miinchausen's syndrome; simulation; pathomimicry; skin picking syndrome and related skin damaging disorders; compulsive and impulsive skin picking; impulse control disorders; obsessive compulsive spectrum disorders; trichotillomania; dermatitis artefacta; factitial dermatitis; acne excoriée; and neurotic and psychogenic excoriations. Self-inflicted skin lesions are often correlated with mental disorders and/or pathological behaviours, thus it is important for dermatologists to become as familiar as possible with the psychiatric and psychological aspects underlying these lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article cites five case reports related to contact allergy to moist toilet paper. In the first case a 45 year old man with perianal dermatitis and vesicular hand dermatitis was patch tested with the European standard series, revealing allergy to kathon CG. He was using a moist toilet paper which was suspected to have contained kathon and the moment he stopped using it he was cured. In the second case a 41 year old woman developed acute allergic contact dermatitis around the anus, which spread to the trunk, legs and face after twice using moist toilet paper.

The article presents research summaries related to dermatitis in Great Britain. According to a study, it has found out that the new fungicide could be the allergen responsible for sofa dermatitis. Another study examines the use of hair dye and the frequency and nature of reported adverse reactions and the risk factors. Furthermore, a study stresses the need for education of all users of epoxy resins in regard to the skin hazard in the workplace and using proper protective equipment.

The article presents a case in which the patient, an office clerk got an irritant vesicular rash on the palms which spread to the back and sides of her fingers. Her work entailed day-long handling of significant quantities of Carbonless copy paper and carbon paper and operating a visual display unit. Initial patch tests to a standard battery and to carbonless copy paper gave positive allergic reactions to nickel sulphate 5%, cobalt chloride 1% and fragrance mix 8%, but no reaction to the paper handled. Further tests indicated an allergic reaction to crystal violet lactone present in the carbonless copy paper.

A 36-year-old man had widespread vesicular fissured eczema of the perianal and genital areas which had recently spread to the lower limbs, trunk and even the face. For the last 7 years, his perianal fissures had been treated with corticosteroids creams and cleaning with moist toilet paper. He noted a sudden worsening of the dermatitis a few days before his outpatient visit to the department of the author. He was advised to discontinue cleaning with the tissue paper, which led to rapid improvement in the lesion.

Our patient was a 24-year-old female textile cutter who had a conjunctivitis and an erythematous itching dermatitis of the eyelids, nasal mucous membranes and the corners of the mouth. The patch tests with the standard series and a pharmaceutical test battery were negative. Further epicutaneous testing revealed a strong positive reaction to the textile cutting patterns she handled, which were duplicated by diazo processing. Specifically, the contact dermatitis reaction was caused by dimethylthiourea, an additive in diazo-sensitized paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a case of allergic contact dermatitis on the hands from chloromethylisothiazolinone in moist toilet paper. A 28-year old married woman had developed fissured lesions on her hands which became more severe with the development of erythematous, pruriginous, vesicular lesions. She reportedly used moist toilet paper for her baby's hygiene. She was patch tested with a standard series, which was positive to Kathon CG (5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one). A patch test with the moist toilet paper was also positive. Out of 19 brands of moist toilet paper whose information was collected from Spain, eight did not contain Kathon CG. The case is therefore concerned with a patient using moist toilet paper not of her own hygiene but for that of her baby, resulting in allergic contact dermatitis on the hands, a hitherto unreported localization.

Discusses the case of a female patient with frictional contact dermatitis due to paper tissues. Itchy erythema in the periorbital and perioral areas; Discoid eczema; Mechanical irritation of the skin.

We describe 4 adults with an allergic contact dermatitis for moist baby toilet tissues, being used either for their personal hygiene or for their babies (children). The allergen proved to be the preservative mixture of methylchloroisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI). Allergic contact dermatitis from moist toilet paper has been infrequently reported but is probably not rare. The cases we describe here have been observed over a short period of 6 months. The question arises if the use of MCI/MI as a preservative, still often used in leave-on products, should not be abandoned from cosmetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on a case study of 56-year-old man who was suffering from vesicular eczema on the palms of both hands and on the volar sides of the fingers. From his past history it was found out that for 3 years, he had worked in a factory where diazosensitized paper was produced. At work, he was exposed continuously to 2 diazo compound containing Radex DL and 5M9. It was observed that during leave, his eczema improved. On patch testing with azodyes and photochemical results were negative. On additional patch testing, patient showed positive response to Radex DL and 5M9 solutions. It was suggested that contact dermatitis in patient occurred due to Radex photocopy paper.

This article presents the case of a 53-year old female former hairstylist with no personal and family history of skin disease or atopy who was diagnosed with allergic contact dermatitis due to diazo copy paper. She had worked for 4 years in heliographic printing. She copied original drawings using the diazo-method, and was therefore in contact with copy paper coated with diazodiethylaniline chloride. 2 weeks after starting the job, a squamous dermatitis appeared on the tips of the thumbs, index and middle fingers of both hands, which were exposed to diazo paper. Away from work on treatment, the dermatitis resolved in a few days. After starting work again, she developed dermatitis at the same sites 3 weeks later.

This article focuses on various allergic reactions induced by carbonless copy paper. Carbonless copy paper was introduced in the 1950s to replace the need for carbon paper. The top paper is coated on the undersurface with a suspension of microcapsules containing a colorless dye. The receiving paper is coated on the front surface with a color-developing material. When pressure is applied to the top sheet, the microcapsules are broken, allowing the colorless dye to react chemically with the color-developing material on the bottom sheet. Two types of reactions have been reported from this material. One reaction is allergic contact dermatitis to the chemical color former, paratoluene sulfinate of Michler's hydrol.

Findings in two persons with allergic contact dermatitis to slimicides used in the paper industry are presented. Both subjects worked as technical sales consultants and visited paper mills. They would come into occasional contact with solutions containing biocides during servicing and sampling activities and were aware of a skin eruption affecting the flexural wrists, anterior thighs and ankles when they were in contact with certain biocides. Only one subject was allergic to Kathon.

2.3-epoxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (EPTMAC) is used in the production of cationic starch (CS) for the paper industry. It has been shown to be a sensitizer in guinea pigs, but cases of human sensitization are few: 4 workers were previously sensitized to the substance in a Finnish plant. This report describes 3 process men from another plant examined because of recurring dermatitis. 18 workers were involved in production, and had free access to all work site. 3 process men, whose work involved drying the CS, had dermatitis, although they had only occasional contact with the cationizing chemical, 2 were already verified to be allergic to EPTMAC and had variable dermatitis for 8 12 years. One had dermatitis on his face for 1 year. Patch testing with a dilution series (1%, 0.5%, 0.2%, 0.1% pet) confirmed their allergy to the cationizing chemical containing EPTMAC, but test with CS were negative. In addition, 2 had contact allergy to CI+Me-isothiazolinone from contact with Kalhon® LX used as a slimicide in the process. In long-standing (years) recurrent dermatitis, re-examination of patients with verified exposure history and skin tests is necessary. In line with our previous study, sampling the process materials, maintenance work and contamination of work sites and gloves caused sensitization. The results also confirm that EPTMAC is a strong human contact sensitizer. 0.2%-0.5% pure EPTMAC in pet, seems to be the optimal patch test concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From 15 May to 15 December 1994, 2943 patients suspected of having contact dermatitis (1955 women, 988 men) were patch tested with methyldibromoglutaronitrile 0.3%, 0.1% and .05% pet. 119 patients (4.0% women, 4.1% men, 3.8%) proved to be allergic. 71% of the reactions were considered to be relevant. In 2/3 of the patients, causative products were cosmetics, in 1/3 moistened toilet tissues. Testing with methyldibromoglutaronitrile at lower concentrations 0.05% and 0.1%) and with commercial allergens (Euxyl® K 400 and methyldibromoglutaronitrile, both containing methyldibromoglutaronitrile 0.1%), resulted in a number of false-negative reactions. All preservatives in the European standard series had lower scores than the 4% positive reactions to methyldibromoglutaronitrile (formaldehyde 2.0%. MCI/MI (Kathon® CG) 3.2% parabens, 1.0% quaternium-15 1.3%). It is concluded that methydibromoglutaronitrile (present in the commercial preservative Euxyl® K 400) is an important contact allergen in the Netherlands in cosmetics and moistened toilet tissues. It should be added to cosmetics series and to proctological series. The optimal test concentration is unknow, but may be 0.3%. pet. Th concentration of 0.1% methyldibromoglutaronitrile in the currently available commercial allergens appears to be too low, resulting in a number of false-negative reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food allergy and atopic eczema (AE) may occur in the same patient. Besides typical immediate types of allergic reactions (i.e. noneczematous reactions) which are observed in patients suffering from AE, it is clear that foods, such as cow’s milk and hen’s eggs, can directly provoke flares of AE, particularly in sensitized infants. In general, inhaled allergens and pollen-related foods are of greater importance in older children, adolescents and adults. Clinical studies have revealed that more than 50% of affected children with AE that can be exacerbated by certain foods will react with a worsening of skin eczema either alone or in addition to immediate symptoms. Adolescents and adults may also react to foods, but reactions to ‘classical’ food allergens, such as hen’s eggs and cow’s milk, are not as common as in childhood. Some patients with AE do react to pollen-associated foods. Food-induced eczema should not be neglected by the allergologist: On the one hand, food can be a relevant trigger factor of persistent moderate-to-severe AE; on the other hand, unnecessary diets which are not based on a proper diagnosis may lead to malnutrition and additional psychological stress on patients suffering from AE. Eczematous reactions to food can only be diagnosed by a thorough diagnostic procedure, taking into account the patient’s history, the degree of sensitization and the clinical relevance of the sensitization. The latter has often to be proven by oral food challenges. Upon oral food challenge it is most important to evaluate the status of the skin with an established score (e.g. SCORAD, EASI) after 24 h and later because otherwise worsening of eczema will be missed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our primary objective was to develop a short-term test system for evaluating differences in the irritant effects of facial tissues that could be used as a screening tool for product improvements with regard to skin mildness. The strongest evidence for product superiority is based on a combination of data: 1) subjective (i.e., panelist or consumer preference with regard to the attributes important to skin effects) and 2) expert clinical evaluation (i.e., a quantitative measure of product superiority by a third party, such as erythema and dryness scores). In this assay, both measures were evaluated. Methods: In three separate studies, facial tissue products were compared with a currently marketed product with a lotion coating (product A). Test materials included products B and C (each without a lotion coating) and product G (a facial tissue product coated with a developmental lotion). Panelists (15–16 per study) were assigned one tissue product to use on one side of the nose and the other product on the alternate side. They were asked to wipe the tissue from the nasal bridge to the upper lip for 10 wipes every 20 minutes for a total of 170 wipes (17 series) daily on Monday through Thursday. Prior to the first test product application, the integrity of the skin on the nasolabial folds was compromised by tape stripping using successive applications of occlusive tape. Erythema and dryness were scored by a trained grader every morning and afternoon. Panelists were asked specific questions about product preference at the end of each day. Results: Based on the statistical analysis, the reported sensory effects were the most reliable measure of product differences, with panelists showing a clear preference for the lotioned product (A) over the nonlotioned products (B and C), and slight preference for product A over the other lotioned product (G). The clinical evaluation measures of irritation (erythema and dryness) were less consistent in detecting product differences. Those differences that were detected were generally consistent with the sensory effects data. Conclusions: This assay detects significant panelists' preferences and, therefore, forms a useful part of the arsenal for evaluating skin effects and claims support. However, without further modification, the assay is not sufficiently robust to reliably detect differences in the clinical measures of irritant effects (erythema and dryness). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a case study of a 5-year-old bank clerk who developed a squamous dermatitis on the tips of his right thumb and index finger, which were continually exposed to paper money. This worsened in 1989, after new German banknotes were issued. It improved within a few weeks when he was not at work. A few days after resuming work, dermatitis reappeared in the same places. During the next 5 years, the eczema continued to worsen when he was in contact with banknotes. However, patch tests were performed to see the effective change in his skin.

This article discusses about a patient who developed itchy dermatitis in hands due to exposure to phenolformaldehyde resin. The patient had to remove the end product from the press. Recently he developed an itchy dermatitis of the dorsa of the hands and was patch tested. He reacted to balsam of Peru, the phenolformaldehyde resin used for impregnation of the paper sheets. The patient was then tested with a number of possible monomers and reacted to all of them. It is difficult to decide which of the substances acted as inducer of contact sensitization in the patient. It depends on the sensitizing capacity of each in the resin vehicle and on the effective mode of exposure.

Two female patients with histories of contact dermatitis to nickel-containing jewelry (dime-thyiglyoxime test positive) failed to react to patch testing with 5 % nickel sulphate in yellow petrolatum. Further patch testing was performed with nickel sulphate 2.5 % and 5 % in water and with 2.5% in DMSO 50%, but no positive reactions were obtained. An intradermal test with a 1/10,000 dilution in water was also negative. Both patients were again patch tested with 10% nickel sulphate in yellow petrolatum, which resulted in ++ reactions after 48 and 96 hours.

A 41-year-old man developed hand dermatitis, which has persisted for 4 years. The dermatitis commenced on the dorsa of the hands and spread to the palms and later to the feet. He had previous contact with cement and other building materials and his work had been photocopying architectural and technical plans for the last 5 years. Sensitivity to thiourea has also been observed in two patients working with plan printing materials and presenting with photodermatitis. Patch testing with thiourea showed sensitivity, in one case with and the other without exposure of the test site to light. Dermatitis and photosensitivity settled slowly after contact with thiourea ceased.

This article presents summaries of papers presented at the BAD Investigative Group Meeting, held in Bristol, England in January 1982. Some of the topics are: raised arachidonic acid and prostaglandin levels in dithranol erythema, the effect of benzoyl peroxide on cutaneous micro-organisms in vitro, vascular changes in urticaria and urticarial vasculitis; a light and electron microscopic study, definition of a critical period in the MSH control of coat colour in the agouti mouse, irritant reactions to dithranol in normal subjects and psoriatic patients, and others.

Presents several abstracts on dermatology. "The Evaluation of Granulomatous Vasculitis," by R. K. Winkelmann; "Stimuli to Chronic Granulomatous Vasculitis" by W. E. Parish; "Abnormalities of Immunoregulation in Systemic Lupus Erythematous," by D. N. Sauder R. S. Krakauer and P. L. Bailin; "Binding of Wheat Gliadin In Vitro to Reticulin in Normal and Dermatitis Herpetiformis Skin," by D. J. Unsworth, L. Fry, G. Haffenden, G D. Johnson and E. J. Holborow; Others.

This article reports a case study of allergic contact dermatitis caused due to the effect of newsprint paper. A 30-year-old man working as a newspaperman developed a severe hand eczema every summer for the last 5 years. On patch testing with printed and unprinted newspaper it was found out that patient showed positive response in both the cases but there is no significant difference between the two. When testing with ethanol and dichloromethane the patient showed positive reactions. The patient is now working with his gloves on, even in summer.

The article presents abstracts of medical research. They include "Frequency of allergic contact dermatitis to isoeugenol is not decreasing: a review of 3636 patients tested from 2001-2005," "A prospective audit of referrals for patch testing from a district general hospital to a specialist contact dermatitis unit," and "Cosmetic and fragrance allergy in the U.K."

This article reports a case of contact sensitivity to acrylates and methacrylates, in a non-atopic women having an occupational history of recurrent acute vesiculopapular hand dermatitis, accompanied by severe itching and burning. It improved on holidays and on treatment with a topical corticosteroid. The patient was advised to use 4H gloves. This patient reacted only to materials she had came in contact with at work, glycidyl methacrylate ethoxyethyl acrylate and not to any of the other acrylates tested.

Terpenes and their derivatives comprise a diverse group of natural compounds with versatile medicinal properties. This article elucidates the general characteristics of fungal terpenes and terpenoids, encompassing their structure and biogenesis. The focal point of this work involves a comprehensive overview of these compounds, highlighting their therapeutic properties, mechanisms of action, and potential applications in treating specific skin conditions. Numerous isolated terpenes and terpenoids have demonstrated noteworthy anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial effects, rivalling or surpassing the efficacy of currently employed treatments for inflammation or skin infections. Due to their well-documented antioxidant and anti-cancer attributes, these compounds exhibit promise in both preventing and treating skin cancer. Terpenes and terpenoids sourced from fungi display the capability to inhibit tyrosinase, suggesting potential applications in addressing skin pigmentation disorders and cancers linked to melanogenesis dysfunctions. This paper further disseminates the findings of clinical and in vivo research on fungal terpenes and terpenoids conducted thus far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The status of parsley as a well-known folk medicine noted for its nutritional and medicinal properties prompted the exploration of its potential as a functional food and natural remedy. The paper aims to investigate the potential of parsley to enhance muscle function and alleviate psoriasiform dermatitis, eventually establishing it as a natural, well-tolerated alternative with specific benefits for both muscles and skin. This study examines the tolerability of parsley in a cohort of 937 participants by assessing immunoglobulin G (IgG) reactions. The findings reveal high tolerability, as 96.26% of participants experienced no adverse effects. Among the 902 individuals lacking hypersensitivity, 37.02% reported muscle cramps, with a notable 15.02% reduction observed in the subgroup consuming parsley juice. In the subset of 32 subjects with dermatitis, the application of parsley extract ointment led to a significant decrease in dermatological parameters (redness, thickness, scaling). While the control group exhibited improvements, statistical significance was not observed. Notably, four categories of affected area reduction were identified, with scaling demonstrating the most pronounced impact. The results propose that parsley holds promise for favorable tolerability, contributing to the alleviation of muscle cramps and presenting an effective alternative in dermatitis treatment. Nonetheless, sustained validation through long-term studies is imperative to substantiate these preliminary findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It has been reported that the knowledge, attitudes and practices of nurses play a significant role in preventing incontinence‐associated dermatitis (IAD), and these three factors influence and interact with each other. This study aimed to translate the English version of the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Incontinence‐Associated Dermatitis Questionnaire (KAP‐IAD‐Q) into Chinese and assess the validity and reliability of the Chinese KAP‐IAD‐Q (C‐ KAP‐IAD‐Q) used with Chinese nurses. Methods: The KAP‐IAD‐Q was translated into Chinese strictly in accordance with the Brislin translation model, and a Chinese version of IAD was formed after discussion by experts. From October to November 2021, a total of 259 Chinese nurses were recruited through a convenience sampling method and investigated using the Chinese version of the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the incontinence‐associated dermatitis questionnaire (C‐KAP‐IAD‐Q) and the general self‐efficacy scale to assess its reliability and validity. Results: Three factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis comprised of 22 items. The Cronbach's α coefficients were 0.961, 0.929 and 0.833, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.98 totally. The scale‐level content validity index (S‐CVI) was 0.95, and the item‐level content validity (I‐CVI) was 0.83–1.00. The correlation coefficient between the general self‐efficacy scale and the C‐KAP‐IAD‐Q was 0.561 (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The 22‐item C‐KAP‐IAD‐Q seems to be culturally well adapted and has good psychometric properties used by Chinese nurses. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? There is a knowledge gap among nurses, and the attitudes of nurses to prevent incontinence‐associated dermatitis (IAD) have a significant impact on the final implementation of preventive interventions.The Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of the Incontinence‐associated Dermatitis Questionnaire (KAP‐IAD‐Q) was developed and assessed as a valid and reliable tool in Singapore.China does not currently have such a tool.What this paper adds? This study translated the KAP‐IAD‐Q into Chinese and formed the Chinese version of the KAP‐IAD‐Q (C‐ KAP‐IAD‐Q).The C‐KAP‐IAD‐Q comprises 22 items and three factors, including knowledge, attitudes and practices towards IAD prevention with proper psychometric properties.The implications of this paper: The C‐KAP‐IAD‐Q could be used in clinical practice and research to provide a reference for improving the knowledge, attitudes and practices towards IAD prevention in China.The C‐KAP‐IAD‐Q can make a great contribution to supporting the education and management of IAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Chorioptic mange is a common pruritic skin disease in horses and can cause chronic pastern dermatitis. Many to all horses in one stable can suffer simultaneously and transmit the disease to one another through contact or by using the same areas. Treatment often is challenging, and failure and relapses are common. This paper reviews the evidence comparing different types of treatment of chorioptic mange in horses and found that although some protocols are partially effective, further comparisons are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]