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Rosacea is a chronic cutaneous disease that manifests with facial erythema, telangiectasia, papules and pustules on the central face. Although the pathogenesis is not well established, rosacea appears to have a close relationship with Demodex mites. The aim of the study was to elucidate the factors influencing Demodex mite density by standardized superficial skin biopsy (SSSB) in patients with rosacea. This prospective, cross-sectional study included 200 patients with rosacea. Clinical characteristics of the patients were recorded and SSSB was used to measure Demodex density (Dd). If Dd was < 5 D/cm 2 in the first SSSB, SSSB was repeated 4 more times to avoid false negative results. Of 200 patients, 152 (76%) were females and 48 (24%) males with a mean age of 43.47 ± 11.87 years. Ninety-nine patients (49.5%) had erythematotelangiectatic (ETR) and 101 patients (50.5%) had papulopustular (PPR) subtype of rosacea. Among 200 patients, the ratio of cumulative positive results of the consecutive SSSBs were as follows: 1st SSSB = 125 (62.5%), 2nd SSSB = 155 (77.5%), 3rd SSSB = 170 (85%), 4th SSSB = 173 (86.5%) and 5th SSSB = 174 (87%). The ratio of detecting Demodex infestation in the first SSSB was significantly lower in patients with PPR (55/101, 54.5%) than in patients with ETR (70/99, 70.7%). Median total Demodex mite density and D. folliculorum density were significantly higher in the ETR group than in the PPR group. There was a statistically significant relationship between density of Demodex tails in dermoscopy and positive/negative results of Demodex infestation in SSSB. As a conclusion, Demodex mite density by SSSB was influenced by various factors such as subtypes of rosacea, types of Demodex species, and dermoscopic findings., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

HIV is associated with an increased incidence of mucocutaneous disorders, with the overwhelming majority of HIV-infected individuals being afflicted with skin diseases during the course of the infection. Skin diseases in HIV patients are rarely fatal, but they have a significant effect on the quality of life. The immunologic stage of the infection and the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are the main elements that determine the spectrum of the mucocutaneous involvement. Many skin diseases may occur simultaneously in HIV patients, and the course of these diseases may or may not be different than it is in HIV-negative individuals. The unusual, severe, and different presentations of the mucocutaneous involvement make HIV one of the great imitators in dermatology., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: Skin picking disorder (SPD) falls into the category of "obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders" in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment has been reported to be a promising therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder-related disorders. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of rTMS treatment in patients with SPD., Methods: Fifteen patients with SPD were assigned to receive 3 weeks' treatment with either active (n = 8) or sham rTMS targeting the pre-supplementary motor area. Patients were evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Skin Picking Impact Scale, and the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Modified for Neurotic Excoriation. Response to treatment was defined as a ≥35% decrease on Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale modified for Neurotic Excoriation., Results: Treatment response was achieved in 62.5% of patients (5/8) in the active group and 33.3% of patients (2/6) in the sham group. However, there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of primary and secondary outcomes., Conclusions: In this exploratory study, active rTMS could not be demonstrated to be superior over sham in treatment of SPD. The results of this study indicate the need for further rTMS studies to be conducted with larger sample sizes and subtypes of SPD.

Scleromyxedema (SM) is a rare chronic progressive and highly intractable cutaneous disease with unknown etiology, affecting both genders equally between 30 and 50 years. The disease is characterized with mucin deposits in the skin and/or other organs. In fact it is a clinicopathological subset of lichen myxedematosus (LM) according to a new classification. Sclerodermiform plaques and lichenoid papules are characteristic cutaneous lesions. An elevation of IgG λ (lambda) chain exists in most cases and extracutaneous involvement occurring with variable systemic findings is also detected. Generalized form is quite difficult to treat and may even be fatal. Herein, we present a male patient with typical features of generalized papular and sclerodermoid LM variety and with benign outcome by isotretinoin.

Lupus vulgaris (LV) is the most common form of cutaneous tuberculosis. It commonly presents on the head and neck regions. The diagnosis may be difficult when LV occurs at unexpected regions or in unusual clinical forms. Sometimes special stains for the organism and mycobacterial cultures may be negative. Nevertheless, it is usually possible to reach the correct diagnosis of LV using clinical and histopathological findings. But at times, a therapeutic trial with antitubercular agents may be required.