8 results on '"Rittweger, Joern"'
Search Results
2. Biomechanics of Vibration Exercise
- Author
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Cochrane, Darryl, Rittweger, Jörn, and Rittweger, Jörn, editor
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- 2020
- Full Text
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3. Nitrosative Stress in Astronaut Skeletal Muscle in Spaceflight.
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Blottner, Dieter, Moriggi, Manuela, Trautmann, Gabor, Furlan, Sandra, Block, Katharina, Gutsmann, Martina, Torretta, Enrica, Barbacini, Pietro, Capitanio, Daniele, Rittweger, Joern, Limper, Ulrich, Volpe, Pompeo, Gelfi, Cecilia, and Salanova, Michele
- Subjects
SKELETAL muscle ,MUSCLE proteins ,NITRIC-oxide synthases ,SPACE flight ,ASTRONAUTS ,SELENOPROTEINS - Abstract
Long-duration mission (LDM) astronauts from the International Space Station (ISS) (>180 ISS days) revealed a close-to-normal sarcolemmal nitric oxide synthase type-1 (NOS1) immunoexpression in myofibers together with biochemical and quantitative qPCR changes in deep calf soleus muscle. Nitro-DIGE analyses identified functional proteins (structural, metabolic, mitochondrial) that were over-nitrosylated post- vs. preflight. In a short-duration mission (SDM) astronaut (9 ISS days), s-nitrosylation of a nodal protein of the glycolytic flux, specific proteins in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, respiratory chain, and over-nitrosylation of creatine kinase M-types as signs of impaired ATP production and muscle contraction proteins were seen. S-nitrosylation of serotransferrin (TF) or carbonic anhydrase 3 (CA3b and 3c) represented signs of acute response microgravity muscle maladaptation. LDM nitrosoprofiles reflected recovery of mitochondrial activity, contraction proteins, and iron transporter TF as signs of muscle adaptation to microgravity. Nitrosated antioxidant proteins, alcohol dehydrogenase 5/S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (ADH5/GSNOR), and selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) levels indicated signs of altered redox homeostasis and reduced protection from nitrosative stress in spaceflight. This work presents a novel spaceflight-generated dataset on s-nitrosylated muscle protein signatures from astronauts that helps both to better understand the structural and molecular networks associated to muscular nitrosative stress and to design countermeasures to dysfunction and impaired performance control in human spaceflight missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Space Omics and Tissue Response in Astronaut Skeletal Muscle after Short and Long Duration Missions.
- Author
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Blottner, Dieter, Moriggi, Manuela, Trautmann, Gabor, Hastermann, Maria, Capitanio, Daniele, Torretta, Enrica, Block, Katharina, Rittweger, Joern, Limper, Ulrich, Gelfi, Cecilia, and Salanova, Michele
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ASTRONAUTS ,SPACE exploration ,HUMAN space flight ,CONNECTIVE tissues ,MUSCLE weakness ,CALF muscles ,SKELETAL muscle ,ANNEXINS ,RYANODINE receptors - Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle adaptation to spaceflight are as yet not fully investigated and well understood. The MUSCLE BIOPSY study analyzed pre and postflight deep calf muscle biopsies (m. soleus) obtained from five male International Space Station (ISS) astronauts. Moderate rates of myofiber atrophy were found in long-duration mission (LDM) astronauts (~180 days in space) performing routine inflight exercise as countermeasure (CM) compared to a short-duration mission (SDM) astronaut (11 days in space, little or no inflight CM) for reference control. Conventional H&E scout histology showed enlarged intramuscular connective tissue gaps between myofiber groups in LDM post vs. preflight. Immunoexpression signals of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, collagen 4 and 6, COL4 and 6, and perlecan were reduced while matrix-metalloproteinase, MMP2, biomarker remained unchanged in LDM post vs. preflight suggesting connective tissue remodeling. Large scale proteomics (space omics) identified two canonical protein pathways associated to muscle weakness (necroptosis, GP6 signaling/COL6) in SDM and four key pathways (Fatty acid β-oxidation, integrin-linked kinase ILK, Rho A GTPase RHO, dilated cardiomyopathy signaling) explicitly in LDM. The levels of structural ECM organization proteins COL6A1/A3, fibrillin 1, FBN1, and lumican, LUM, increased in postflight SDM vs. LDM. Proteins from tricarboxylic acid, TCA cycle, mitochondrial respiratory chain, and lipid metabolism mostly recovered in LDM vs. SDM. High levels of calcium signaling proteins, ryanodine receptor 1, RyR1, calsequestrin 1/2, CASQ1/2, annexin A2, ANXA2, and sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA1) pump, ATP2A, were signatures of SDM, and decreased levels of oxidative stress peroxiredoxin 1, PRDX1, thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase, PRDX3, or superoxide dismutase [Mn] 2, SOD2, signatures of LDM postflight. Results help to better understand the spatiotemporal molecular adaptation of skeletal muscle and provide a large scale database of skeletal muscle from human spaceflight for the better design of effective CM protocols in future human deep space exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
5. Mitochondrial Adaptations in Elderly and Young Men Skeletal Muscle Following 2 Weeks of Bed Rest and Rehabilitation.
- Author
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Buso, Alessia, Comelli, Marina, Picco, Raffaella, Isola, Miriam, Magnesa, Benedetta, Pišot, Rado, Rittweger, Joern, Salvadego, Desy, Šimunič, Boštjan, Grassi, Bruno, and Mavelli, Irene
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SKELETAL muscle ,REHABILITATION ,ORIGIN of life ,GENE expression ,DATA mining - Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression levels of proteins related to mitochondrial biogenesis regulation and bioenergetics in vastus lateralis muscle biopsies from 16 elderly and 7 young people subjected to 14 days of bed-rest, causing atrophy, and subsequent 14 days of exercise training. Based on quantitative immunoblot analyses, in both groups a reduction of two key regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis/remodeling and activity, namely PGC-1α and Sirt3, was revealed during bed-rest, with a subsequent up-regulation after rehabilitation, indicating an involvement of PGC-1α-Sirt3 axis in response to the treatments. A difference was observed comparing the young and elderly subjects as, for both proteins, the abundance in the elderly was more affected by immobility and less responsive to exercise. The expression levels of TOM20 and Citrate Synthase, assayed as markers of outer mitochondrial membrane and mitochondrial mass, showed a noticeable sensitivity in the elderly group, where they were affected by bed-rest and rehabilitation recalling the pattern of PGC-1α. TOM20 and CS remained unchanged in young subjects. Single OXPHOS complexes showed peculiar patterns, which were in some cases dissimilar from PGC-1α, and suggest different influences on protein biogenesis and degradation. Overall, exercise was capable to counteract the effect of immobility, when present, except for complex V, which was markedly downregulated by bed-rest, but remained unaffected after rehabilitation, maybe as result of greater extent of degradation processes over biogenesis. Phosphorylation extent of AMPK, and its upstream activator LKB1, did not change after bed-rest and rehabilitation in either young or elderly subjects, suggesting that the activation of energy-sensing LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway was "missed" due to its transient nature, or was not triggered under our conditions. Our study demonstrates that, as far as the expression of various proteins related to mitochondrial biogenesis/remodeling, adaptations to bed-rest and rehabilitation in the two populations were different. The impact of bed-rest was greater in the elderly subjects, where the pattern (decrease after bed rest and recovery following rehabilitation) was accompanied by changes of mitochondrial mass. Modifications of protein abundance were matched with data obtained from gene expression analyses of four public human datasets focusing on related genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Anabolic resistance assessed by oral stable isotope ingestion following bed rest in young and older adult volunteers: Relationships with changes in muscle mass.
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Biolo, Gianni, Pišot, Rado, Mazzucco, Sara, Di Girolamo, Filippo Giorgio, Situlin, Roberta, Lazzer, Stefano, Grassi, Bruno, Reggiani, Carlo, Passaro, Angelina, Rittweger, Joern, Gasparini, Mladen, Šimunič, Boštjan, and Narici, Marco
- Abstract
Summary Background & aims Aging and experimental bed rest are associated with muscle atrophy and resistance to post-prandial stimulation of protein synthesis or anabolic resistance (AR). We have used in young and older adult volunteers, during short-term bed rest, a quick and non-invasive method, based on a single oral bolus of the stable isotope L[ring- 2 H 5 ]phenylalanine (D 5 Phe), to determine post-prandial AR, defined as ratio between irreversible hydroxylation and incorporation into body protein of ingested phenylalanine. Methods We compared in older (O, 59 ± 1 y) and young (Y, 23 ± 1 y) healthy male volunteers the effects of two-week bed rest on post-prandial protein kinetics, assessed during absorption of a standard ready-to-use oral nutritional supplement, through stable-labeled isotope amino acid D 5 Phe, diluted in water, given as single oral load. The metabolic fate of D 5 Phe is either utilization for protein synthesis or irreversible hydroxylation to L[ring- 2 H 4 ]tyrosine (D 4 Tyr). AR was defined as ratio between the areas under the curves of D 4 Tyr-to-D 5 Phe plasma concentrations over 6 h meal absorption. To determine the relationships between AR and muscle changes following bed rest, quadriceps muscle volume (QMV) was determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results At baseline, in pooled Y and O subjects, values of AR were inversely correlated with QMV (R = −0.75; p < 0.03). Following 2-weeks of inactivity, there were significant bed rest effects on AR (p < 0.01) and QMV (p < 0.03), as well as significant bed rest × group interaction for AR (p < 0.03; +9.2% in Y; +21.9% in O) and QMV (p < 0.05; −5.7% in Y; −%7.3 in O). In pooled subjects, the percentage delta changes in AR and QMV, induced by bed rest, were inversely correlated (R = −0.57; p < 0.05). Conclusion Bed rest-induced AR is much greater in the older than in younger adults. We have developed a new, simple, non-invasive method for the assessment of AR. The results indicate that this metabolic abnormality is a key mechanism for sarcopenia of aging and inactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Effects of submaximal activation on the determinants of power of chemically skinned rat soleus fibres
- Author
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Gilliver, Sally F, Degens, Hans, Jones, David A, and Rittweger, Joern
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power ,skinned fibres ,Skeletal muscle ,Weltraumphysiologie ,force-velocity relationship - Abstract
Reducing the activating calcium concentration with skinned fibres is known to decrease isometric force and maximal shortening velocity, both of which will reduce the peak power. However, power is also a function of the curvature of the force-velocity relationship, and there is limited information on how changes in activating calcium affect this important property of muscle fibres. Force-velocity relationships of permeabilized single type I fibres from rat soleus muscle were determined using isotonic contractions at 15°C with both maximal (pCa 4.5) and submaximal activation (pCa 5.6). The rate of tension redevelopment (k(tr)), which provides a measure of sum of the apparent rate constants for cross-bridge attachment and detachment (f(app) + g(app)) following a rapid release and restretch, was also measured. Compared with pCa 4.5, specific tension (P(o)) at pCa 5.6 declined by 22 ± 8% (mean ± s.d.) and the maximal velocity of shortening (V(max)) fell by 44 ± 7%, but curvature of the force-velocity relationship (a/P(o)) rose by 47 ± 31%, indicating a less concave relationship. The value of k(tr) declined by 23 ± 7%. The change in a/P(o) reduced the impact of changes in P(o) and V(max) on peak power by approximately 25%. Fitting the data to Huxley's model of cross-bridge action suggests that lower activating calcium decreased both the rate constant for cross-bridge attachment (f) and that for detachment of negatively strained cross-bridges (g(2)). The fact that V(max) (and thus g(2)) changed to a greater extent than k(tr) (f(app) + g(app)) is the reason that reduced activation results in a reduction in curvature of the force-velocity relationship.
- Published
- 2011
8. Anabolic resistance assessed by oral stable isotope ingestion following bed rest in young and older adult volunteers: Relationships with changes in muscle mass
- Author
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Filippo Giorgio Di Girolamo, Roberta Situlin, Mladen Gasparini, Gianni Biolo, S. Mazzucco, Joern Rittweger, Rado Pišot, Bruno Grassi, Stefano Lazzer, Boštjan Šimunič, Carlo Reggiani, Angelina Passaro, Marco Narici, Biolo, Gianni, Pišot, Rado, Mazzucco, Sara, Di Girolamo, Filippo Giorgio, Situlin, Roberta, Lazzer, Stefano, Grassi, Bruno, Reggiani, Carlo, Passaro, Angelina, Rittweger, Joern, Gasparini, Mladen, Šimunič, Boštjan, and Narici, Marco
- Subjects
Aging ,protein synthesis ,Anabolism ,phenylalanine ,medicine.medical_treatment ,muscle metabolism ,Muscle Proteins ,Skeletal muscle ,Phenylalanine ,bed rest ,Bed rest ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,nutrition supplement ,non invasive procedure ,postprandial state ,Body Mass Index ,hydroxylation ,human experiment ,Economica ,0302 clinical medicine ,Bolus (medicine) ,Isotopes ,middle aged ,Nutrition and Dietetic ,Medicine ,Ingestion ,nuclear magnetic resonance imaging ,deuterium ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,adult ,phenylalanine, absorption ,aging ,amino acid metabolism ,anabolic resistance ,Article ,biosynthesis ,controlled study ,dilution ,human ,male ,muscle contraction ,muscle mass ,normal human ,protein intake ,protein metabolism ,quadriceps femoris muscle ,volunteer ,young adult ,Anabolic resistance ,Isotopic tracers ,Muscle atrophy ,Postprandial Period ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Muscular Atrophy ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine.symptom ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Socio-culturale ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Isotopic tracer ,03 medical and health sciences ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,Muscle, Skeletal ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Endocrinology ,Case-Control Studies ,Protein Biosynthesis ,Sarcopenia ,business ,absorption ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background & aims Aging and experimental bed rest are associated with muscle atrophy and resistance to post-prandial stimulation of protein synthesis or anabolic resistance (AR). We have used in young and older adult volunteers, during short-term bed rest, a quick and non-invasive method, based on a single oral bolus of the stable isotope L[ring-2H5]phenylalanine (D5Phe), to determine post-prandial AR, defined as ratio between irreversible hydroxylation and incorporation into body protein of ingested phenylalanine. Methods We compared in older (O, 59 ± 1 y) and young (Y, 23 ± 1 y) healthy male volunteers the effects of two-week bed rest on post-prandial protein kinetics, assessed during absorption of a standard ready-to-use oral nutritional supplement, through stable-labeled isotope amino acid D5Phe, diluted in water, given as single oral load. The metabolic fate of D5Phe is either utilization for protein synthesis or irreversible hydroxylation to L[ring-2H4]tyrosine (D4Tyr). AR was defined as ratio between the areas under the curves of D4Tyr-to-D5Phe plasma concentrations over 6 h meal absorption. To determine the relationships between AR and muscle changes following bed rest, quadriceps muscle volume (QMV) was determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results At baseline, in pooled Y and O subjects, values of AR were inversely correlated with QMV (R = −0.75; p < 0.03). Following 2-weeks of inactivity, there were significant bed rest effects on AR (p < 0.01) and QMV (p < 0.03), as well as significant bed rest × group interaction for AR (p < 0.03; +9.2% in Y; +21.9% in O) and QMV (p < 0.05; −5.7% in Y; −%7.3 in O). In pooled subjects, the percentage delta changes in AR and QMV, induced by bed rest, were inversely correlated (R = −0.57; p < 0.05). Conclusion Bed rest-induced AR is much greater in the older than in younger adults. We have developed a new, simple, non-invasive method for the assessment of AR. The results indicate that this metabolic abnormality is a key mechanism for sarcopenia of aging and inactivity.
- Published
- 2016
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