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Highlights: [•] The paper presents a framework for the fully dynamic simulation of column flotation. [•] The proposed framework is based on a vertical superposition of mixers-in-series. [•] It provides a macroscopic description of the pulp and gas behaviour using material balancing and specific empirical models. [•] The emphasis is placed on the simulation of water, solids and gas flows and their effect on the pulp level and output flow rates. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Even after having been used for several years in mineral processing plants, the full potential of the column flotation process is still not fully exploited. There is obviously more than one reason explaining this, but one important contributing factor is certainly the under usage of available control capabilities. Researchers and practitioners have been interested in column flotation simulation and control for more than two decades. This paper provides an overview of the literature focused on these specific fields of research. It also discusses some future investigative issues and how the current industry may benefit from past developments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• A dynamic model of a continuous horizontal fluidized bed dryer is developed. • A screw conveyor control the product residence time in the dryer. • The model allows for gas bubbles and product axial mixing. • Parameters are lumped and equations are solved at low computational costs. • Simulation results are consistent with theory. The bottleneck of pharmaceutical continuous wet granulation lines may often be the drying stage. The introduction of horizontal fluidized beds is currently contemplated to solve this issue, inter alia. However, it would require an appropriate process control system to reach and maintain over time the targeted residual moisture of the product. To support the endeavor of both the process and control designs, this paper develops a dynamic model with lumped parameters of a continuous horizontal fluidized bed dryer equipped with a screw conveyor. To this end, the framework makes use of a two-phase tanks-in-series configuration, thus taking into account expected gas bypasses (bubbles) and product axial mixing. Array programming and vectorized operations on each tank reactor allow solving equations explicitly at a low computational cost. Simulation results for calcium carbonate granules in a laboratory scale dryer are consistent with fluidization, drying and continuous reactor fundamentals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]