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1. Co-digestion of manure with grass silage and pulp and paper mill sludge using nutrient additions.

Author

Hagelqvist A and Granström K

Subjects
Agriculture, Animals, Cattle, Methane analysis, Methane metabolism, Paper, Poaceae, Swine, Biofuels, Industrial Waste, Manure, Refuse Disposal methods, Silage
Abstract

There is an increasing worldwide demand for biogas. Anaerobic co-digestion involves the treatment of different substrates with the aim of improving the production of biogas and the stability of the process. This study evaluates how methane production is affected by the co-digestion of pig and dairy manure with grass silage and pulp and paper mill sludge and assesses whether methane production is affected by factors other than nutrient deficiency, low buffering capacity, inadequate dilution, and an insufficient activity and amount of microorganism culture. Anaerobic digestion was performed in batch reactors under mesophilic conditions for 20 days. The season of grass silage and manure collection proved to be an important factor affecting methane production. Spring grass silage produced a maximum of 250 mL/VSadded and spring manure 150 mL/VSadded, whereas autumn grass silage produced at most 140 ml/VSadded and autumn manure 45 mL/VSadded. The pulp mill sludge used is comprised of both primary and secondary sludge and produced at most 50 mL/VSadded regardless of season; this substrate benefitted most from co-digestion.

Published
2016
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2. Description of two anaerobic fungal strains from the bovine rumen and influence of diet on the fungal population in vivo

Author

Oleg N. Okunev, Boris V. Tarakanov, and Vladimir A. Kostyukovsky

Subjects
Paper, Cellobiose, Rumen, Silage, Polysaccharide, Microbiology, Neocallimastix, Animals, Food science, Amylase, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Fungi, Temperature, food and beverages, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Spores, Fungal, biology.organism_classification, Diet, Chytridiomycota, chemistry, Fermentation, Xylanase, biology.protein, Cattle, Piromyces
Abstract

Neocallimastix sp. NC71 and Piromyces sp. PC12 isolated from the calf remen grew optimally at 39 degrees C and pH 6.5-6.7, utilized a wide range of mono-, oligo- and polysaccharides and exhibited CMCase, Avicelase, cellobiase, amylase and xylanase activities. The end-products of wheat straw fermentation by both strains were acetate, formate, ethanol and lactate. The number of Neocallimastix sp. zoospores in the rumen of cows in the first 3 h after feeding with hay-silage-concentrate diets varied from 7 x 10(3) to 5.4 x 10(5) ml-1; the number of uniflagellate zoospores varied from 10(4) to 10(5) ml-1. Fungal zoosporgenesis and colonization of plant substrates in the rumen were induced by feed intake and were favoured by increased levels of crude fibre in the diet.

Published
1991
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3. Ensilage of cardboard and date palm leaves

Author

A. Al-Othman, Z. Baroon, and A. S. El-Nawawy

Subjects
Paper, Environmental Engineering, Silage, Industrial Waste, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Butyric acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Bioreactors, Lactobacillus, Hemicellulose, Molasses, Food science, Microbial inoculant, biology, business.industry, Proteins, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Lactic acid, Biotechnology, Refuse Disposal, Plant Leaves, chemistry, Ammonium Sulfate, Fruit, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Fermentation, business, Lactobacillus plantarum
Abstract

Eight treatments of cardboard (CB) and date palm leaves (DPL) with or without alkali treatments plus molasses, dates, and ammonium sulfate were ensiled in laboratory silos. Latobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae inoculants were added at an application rate of 10(5) cfu/g of silage to study their possible influence on the fermentation process. Silos were sealed and incubated at 30 degrees C. The anaerobic ensiling was evaluated for chemical and microbiological variables by opening the silos after 30, 60, and 90 days. After 90 days, significantly low pH values (5.2-3.5) were obtained. The percentages of hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, and ash were determined. Concentrations of reducing sugars, ether extract, and crude protein tended to be acceptable among treatments. Silages showed a significantly high lactic acid concentration (up to 4.3%) and only traces of butyric acid (below 1%). Also changes in acetic and propionic acids concentrations were determined. Lactobacillus populations remained almost static while yeast and molds populations tended to be lower after 90 days of ensilage. Neither alkali treatment nor microbial inoculants showed a relationship with the ensiling process. Thus, overall, it was concluded that CB and DPL can be effectively ensiled and the resultant silages are acceptable to merit their use as ruminant feed in arid regions.

Published
2004