16 results on '"Esther Jean"'
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2. Configuraciones del chamanismo siona: modos de performance en los siglos XX y XXI
- Author
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Esther Jean Langdon
- Subjects
derechos indígenas ,060101 anthropology ,neochamanismo ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Ethnic group ,Face (sociological concept) ,Performative utterance ,06 humanities and the arts ,Indigenous rights ,Colonialism ,Shamanism ,GN1-890 ,Indigenous ,Negotiation ,Political science ,indígenas Siona ,Anthropology ,Ethnology ,0601 history and archaeology ,identidad étnica ,chamanismo ,performance ,media_common - Abstract
Este artículo, resultado de décadas de trabajo de campo, explora las reconfiguraciones del chamanismo siona como un género performativo y como performance cultural que expresa la diferenciación étnica frente a la violencia colonial y postcolonial. Desde el siglo xvii, los ciclos de epidemias, las actividades misioneras, las industrias extractivas y el conflicto armado provocaron cambios en el rol social del chamán. El líder ceremonial del período precolonial se reconfiguró como el líder político-sagrado (cacique-curaca) de las comunidades siona. Las fuerzas exógenas del siglo xx causaron la extinción de este rol social y el cese de las actividades chamánicas en la segunda mitad de dicho siglo. Los cambios constitucionales, el reconocimiento de los derechos indígenas y la demanda neochamánica de tomas de yajé contribuyeron a una importante revitalización del chamanismo siona en la última década del siglo xx. Las performances chamánicas han surgido como una estrategia clave para promover la diferenciación étnica, en el complejo campo de las negociaciones entre comunidades indígenas, organizaciones gubernamentales y no gubernamentales, industrias extractivas y grupos neochamánicos.
- Published
- 2020
3. The Revitalization of Yajé Shamanism among the Siona: Strategies of Survival in Historical Context
- Author
-
Esther Jean Langdon
- Subjects
Proletariat ,060303 religions & theology ,Adaptive strategies ,060101 anthropology ,History ,Anthropology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Context (language use) ,06 humanities and the arts ,0603 philosophy, ethics and religion ,Colonialism ,Ayahuasca ,Shamanism ,Politics ,State (polity) ,Ethnology ,0601 history and archaeology ,media_common - Abstract
This article outlines the transformations of yaje shamanism among the Siona Indians of the Northwest Amazon Basin of Colombia. The shaman's role and the political and sacred use of yaje rituals have changed since colonial times and can be seen as a result of adaptive strategies for survival. This study examines the factors that have contributed to the current revitalization due to state and popular representations of the ecological and wise Indian. Although Gow and Taussig argue that ayahuasca shamanism in Peru and folk healing in Colombia rose out of colonial domination and proletarian concerns, Siona shamanic practices are best understood as a transfiguration and result of their particular response to outside forces. Their contemporary use of yaje reflects this past and the discourse, aesthetics, expectations, and demands of the larger society.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. A cosmografia Munduruku em movimento: saúde, território e estratégias de sobrevivência na Amazônia brasileira
- Author
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Scopel, Daniel, Dias-Scopel, Raquel, and Langdon, Esther Jean
- Subjects
Ambiente ,Índios Munduruku ,Indigenous health ,Alterity ,Alteridade ,Ethnicity ,Etnicidade ,Shamanism ,Saúde indígena ,Environment ,Munduruku Indians ,Xamanismo - Abstract
Resumo Neste artigo, examina-se a perspectiva do povo Munduruku sobre o meio ambiente, bem como a relação do conhecimento e da práxis deste povo em relação à prevenção e à resolução de problemas de saúde. A ocupação do território, o uso de recursos disponíveis e a vida social implicam efeitos sobre os corpos Munduruku, na medida em que a manutenção dos laços sociais e a proteção do ambiente são consideradas por eles como condições necessárias para a reprodução da coletividade. A partir de uma perspectiva particular aos Munduruku sobre como funciona o cosmo e sobre a eficácia das práticas de autoatenção, necessárias à reprodução biossocial individual e coletiva, evidencia-se, neste artigo, a relação intrínseca entre ambiente e saúde, evocando a articulação entre as dimensões pragmáticas, sociais, ontológicas e políticas das estratégias de sobrevivência coletiva e de manutenção do território, desenvolvidas pelos Munduruku frente aos desafios, às lutas e às ameaças emergentes das situações cosmopolíticas e interétnicas. Por fim, argumenta-se que a política brasileira sobre os povos indígenas é contraditória, pois, por um lado, investe grandes recursos na assistência à saúde e, por outro, ignora os conhecimentos tradicionais sobre saúde e ambiente, de modo que a política de desenvolvimento econômico atua contra as necessidades plenas de bem-estar. Abstract This article examines the Munduruku people’s perspective on the environment, along with the relation between their knowledge and customs and their use of preventive medicine and therapeutic practices. Territorial occupation, exploitation of available resources, and social life affect Munduruku bodies to the extent that maintaining social relations and protecting the environment are considered necessary for the group to multiply. This article demonstrates the intrinsic relationship between environment and health by presenting the Munduruku perspective on how the cosmos functions and the efficacy of self-attention practices, which are necessary for individual and collective biosocial reproduction. The connection between pragmatic, social, ontological, and political dimensions of strategies which the Munduruku have developed for their group to survive and maintain its territory in the face of the challenges, struggles and threats that emerge from cosmo-political and inter-ethnic situations is also explored. Finally, Brazilian indigenous policy is shown to be contradictory: while it invests considerable resources in health assistance, it simultaneously ignores traditional knowledge of health and environment in such a way that economic development policy undermines the conditions necessary for well-being.
- Published
- 2018
5. Cosmopolitics among the Siona
- Author
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Esther Jean Langdon
- Subjects
History ,Ethnology ,Shamanism - Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. New Perspectives of Shamanism in Brazil
- Author
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Esther Jean Langdon
- Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject ,Dialogical self ,Ethnology ,General Medicine ,Art ,Humanities ,Shamanism ,media_common - Abstract
Alors que le chamanisme a ete considere en anthropologie comme un phenomene specifiquement primitif et indigene, l’augmentation des rituels chamaniques pratiques dans les zones urbaines a travers le monde nous force a reconsiderer nos modeles analytiques. La diffusion du chamanisme parmi des cultures non indigenes fait partie d’un contexte plus large d’interaction entre le local et le global, qui est au centre des questionnements actuels de la recherche anthropologique sur les notions de culture, tradition, continuite, lieu et praxis. Cet article defend qu’il est preferable aujourd’hui de considerer le chamanisme comme un phenomene dialogique, plutot que comme une categorie analytique susceptible de diriger le regard anthropologique. A travers la comparaison de deux etudes de cas, l’une colombienne et l’autre bresilienne, cet article montre le chamanisme comme une pratique dialogique qui emerge des attentes des differents acteurs impliques, qu’ils soient indigenes ou pas. Le chamanisme ne peut etre considere comme une philosophie isolee ou comme une logique separee du contexte social, politique et historique qui accueille sa pratique.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. A performance da diversidade: o xamanismo como modo performático
- Author
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Esther Jean Langdon
- Subjects
índios Siona ,Constitution ,Anthropology ,identidade étnica ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Siona indians ,Ethnic group ,General Medicine ,Colonialism ,Indigenous rights ,Shamanism ,Indigenous ,indigenous rights ,xamanismo ,Oral history ,Geography ,Optimal distinctiveness theory ,ethnic identity ,performance ,direitos indígenas ,shamanism ,media_common - Abstract
Entendendo o xamanismo como um modo performático, este texto explora o seu papel entre os índios Siona da Colômbia como expressão de especificidade cultural perante a violência colonial e pós-colonial. A história oral reconta como o papel xamânico transformou-se no papel do poderoso cacique curaca, em resposta adaptativa às atividades missionárias. Após a quase extinção dos xamãs praticantes no século XX, suas performances surgiram nas duas últimas décadas como uma estratégia-chave na fomentação das especificidades étnicas e nas lutas contemporâneas pelos direitos indígenas. Tanto a constituição colombiana de 1991 quanto as redes urbanas neoxamânicas associam o xamanismo à preservação ecológica, à medicina tradicional, à identidade étnica e ao bem-estar da comunidade. Em Putumayo, região caracterizada como “zona de guerra”, as performances xamânicas são uma estratégia fundamental no campo complexo das negociações entre comunidades indígenas, organizações governamentais e não governamentais, indústrias extrativas e diversos grupos armados.Tradução: Elisa Nazarian This paper explores the role of shamanism as a performance mode among the Siona Indians of Colombia as an expression of cultural distinctiveness in the face of Colonial and post-Colonial violence. Oral history recounts how the shamanic role transformed to that of the powerful cacique curaca as an adaptive response to missionary activities. After near extinction of practicing shamans in the 20th Century, their performances emerged in the last two decades as a key strategy in promoting ethnic distinctiveness in contemporary struggles for Indigenous rights. Both the Constitution of 1991 and urban neo-shamanic networks associate shamanism with ecological preservation, traditional medicine, ethnic identity and community well-being. In the Putumayo, a region characterized as a “war zone”, shamanic performances are a central strategy in the complex field of negotiations between Indigenous communities, governmental and non-governmental organizations, extractive industries and diverse armed groups.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. (Neo)Shamanic Dialogues
- Author
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Esther Jean Langdon and Isabel Santana de Rose
- Subjects
Politics ,Appropriation ,Health team ,State (polity) ,Anthropology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Dialogical self ,Religious studies ,Sociology ,Ayahuasca ,Shamanism ,media_common - Abstract
This paper is a reflection on the ritual incorporation of ayahuasca, an Amazonian psychoactive ritual substance, by members of a Guarani Indian village on the Atlantic coast of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Their shamanic leaders have adapted the use of this beverage into their ritual practices and recognize it as part of their culture and tradition. This process of appropriation is a result of the formation of a network that involves various actors, among them the Guarani Indians, members of Sacred Fire of Itzachilatlan, followers of the Brazilian ayahuasca religion Santo Daime, and a health team employed to provide primary attention to Indian communities. Based on this case study, we demonstrate that shamanisms today emerge out of specific political and historic contexts. If the concept of shamanism is useful as an analytical paradigm, it must be thought of as a dialogical category constructed through interaction between actors with diverse origins, discourses, and interests.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. 'A Viagem à Casa das Onças': Narrativas sobre experiências extraordinárias
- Author
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Langdon, Esther Jean
- Subjects
Indexicalidade ,Indexicality ,Transmissão de conhecimento ,Shamanism ,Transmission of Knowledge ,Performance ,Xamanismo ,Perspectivism ,Perspectivismo - Abstract
Narrative performance among the Siona Indians manifests an esthetic function, as pointed out by Richard Bauman and others, through the recreation of the experience of shamanic journeys and transformation of perspective that are part of rituals with the entheogen yajé (ayahuasca). During these journeys, the ordinary daily perspective is substituted for another, one that permits the participants to know the beings that inhabit the invisible world revealed through visions. In addition, ritual performances have an important role in transmitting shamanic knowledge. Siona oral literature dramatizes the experiences of encounters and journeys to the invisible world, be these related or not to the use of entheogens or to dreams. Through poetic mechanisms, these narratives transmit knowledge by indexing relations between the daily and occult worlds. In this way, they create expectations for the participants with respect to extraordinary experiences with the spirits and provide clues for understanding and preparing oneself for the change of perspective that characterizes encounters with the occult side. In order to explore the relation between extraordinary experience, performance and perspective, this work analyzes a narrative told by several Siona about their youth and shamanic apprenticeship – “The journey to the house of the jaguars”. In this narrative, the youth is invited by the master-shaman to visit the house of the jaguars, which appear in the form of humans in celebration. They invite the youth to rest in a new hammock, while the master-shaman orients him as to what he is seeing. This journey does not occur during the ritual while under the influence of yajé, but the following morning when the novice is returning to his village. The analysis highlights the strategies that permit narrative performance to create experience, transmit shamanic knowledge and inform as to the change of perspectives and shamanic power. A performance das narrativas entre os índios Siona manifestam a função estética, apontada por Richard Bauman e outros, por meio da recriação da experiência das viagens xamânicas e da transformação de perspectiva que faz parte dos ritos com o uso do enteógeno yajé (ayahuasca). Nestas viagens, a perspectiva cotidiana é substituída por uma outra, que permite à plateia conhecer os seres que habitam o mundo invisível revelado nas visões. Ademais, as performances têm o importante papel de transmitir o conhecimento xamânico. A literatura oral dramatiza experiências de encontros ou viagens no mundo invisível, sejam estas ligadas ou não ao uso de enteógenos e aos sonhos. Através dos mecanismos poéticos, essas narrativas transmitem conhecimento ao indexar as relações entre o cotidiano e as regiões ocultas. Assim, elas criam expectativas na plateia a respeito das experiências extraordinárias com os espíritos e dão pistas de como entender e preparar-se para a mudança de perspectiva que caracteriza os encontros com o lado oculto. No intuito de explorar a relação entre a experiência extraordinária, performance e perspectiva, este trabalho analisa uma narrativa relatada por vários Siona sobre a época de sua juventude e aprendizagem xamânica – “A viagem à Casa das Onças”. Nesta, o jovem é convidado pelo mestre-xamã para visitar a casa das onças, onde elas aparecem na forma de humanos, em festas onde elas convidam o jovem para descansar numa rede nova, enquanto o mestre-xamã orienta o que o jovem está vendo. Esta viagem ao lado oculto não acontece durante o ritual sob a influência do yajé, mas na manhã seguinte, quando o novato está de volta à aldeia. A análise aponta para as estratégias que permitem à narrativa em performance criar experiências, transmitindo conhecimento xamânico e informando sobre a troca de perspectivas e o poder xamânico.
- Published
- 2014
10. CHAMANISMOS GUARANÍ CONTEMPORÁNEOS EN BRASIL: UN ESTUDIO DE TRANSFIGURACIÓN CULTURAL
- Author
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SANTANA DE ROSE, ISABEL and LANGDON, ESTHER JEAN
- Subjects
indígenas guaraní ,transfiguración cultural ,Guarani indians ,chamanismo ,cultural transfiguration ,shamanism - Abstract
Este artículo examina la adopción del uso de la ayahuasca y otras prácticas rituales en el pueblo guaraní Mbiguaçu (Santa Catarina, Brasil). Esta adopción es producto del diálogo que ha surgido a través de performances rituales compartidas con grupos no indígenas, en las que circulan conceptos y discursos presentes en las políticas públicas y en el movimiento de prácticas alternativas espirituales. Los actores involucrados en la formación de la red de relaciones que examinamos comparten ideas e imágenes en común, como conocimiento indígena, el nativo "ecológico" y "espiritual", indigenidad y "medicina tradicional". Demostramos que la apropiación de estos rituales e ideas es parte del movimiento etnopolítico de transfiguración cultural en desarrollo entre los guaraní en el litoral brasileño. This paper examines the adoption of ayahuasca and other ritual practices in the Guarani village Mbiguaçu (Santa Catarina, Brazil). This adoption is the product of the dialogue that has emerged in the ritual performances shared with non-Indian groups and the circulation of concepts and discourses present in Brazilian public policies and alternative spiritual movements. The actors involved in the formation of the network examined here share common ideas and images, such as indigenous knowledge, the 'ecological' and 'spiritual' native, indigenousness, and 'traditional medicine'. We demonstrate that the appropriation of these rituals and ideas is part of an ongoing ethnopolitical movement of cultural transfiguration among the Guarani of the Brazilian coast.
- Published
- 2013
11. 'LA VISITA A LA CASA DE LOS TIGRES': LA CONTEXTUALIZACIÓN EN NARRATIVAS SOBRE EXPERIENCIAS EXTRAORDINARIAS
- Author
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LANGDON, ESTHER JEAN
- Subjects
transmission of knowledge ,transmisión del conocimiento ,contextualización ,indexicality ,contextualization ,chamanismo ,indexicalidad ,performance ,shamanism - Abstract
Entre los indígenas siona, los vuelos chamánicos son recreados a través de la performance oral. Con el fin de explorar la relación entre la performance narrativa, la producción de la experiencia extraordinaria y la perspectiva chamánica, este trabajo analiza una narración que relata la visita a la casa de los tigres por un joven aprendiz y su chamán maestro. Este viaje al lado oculto no ocurre durante el ritual bajo la influencia del yajé, sino a la mañana siguiente, cuando el novato está de vuelta a la aldea. El análisis señala las estrategias de contextualización que permiten a la performance narrativa crear experiencias, transmitir el conocimiento chamánico e informar sobre el intercambio de perspectivas y de poder chamánico. Among the Siona indians, shamanic flights and encounters in the invisible world are recreated through oral performance. With the objective of exploring the relation between narrative performance, the creation of extraordinary experience and shamanic perspective, the article analyzes a narrative that tells of the visit to the house of the jaguars by a young apprentice and his master-shaman. This trip to the hidden side doesn't occur during the ritual and under the influence of yajé, but in the following morning, when the novice is returning to his home. The analysis points out at the strategies of contextualization in narrative performance that work to create experience, transmit shamanic knowledge and reflect upon change of perspective and shamanic power.
- Published
- 2013
12. From rau to sacred plants: Transfigurations of shamanic agency among the Siona Indians of Colombia.
- Author
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Langdon, Esther Jean
- Subjects
- *
NARRATIVES , *POWER (Social sciences) , *SHAMANISM , *WITCHCRAFT , *SIONI (South American people) - Abstract
Translations of the native notion of shamanic agency of the Siona Indians of Colombia is explored throughout different historical and social contexts. The polysemic concept rau is central to the shaman’s capacity for establishing relations of exchange and negotiation with humans and non-humans. As the embodiment of his power, it fits within a semantic field that conveys the waxing and waning of life cycles. Sharing a series of qualities with the Melanesian concept of mana, rau should be understood as a social phenomenon whose use and meaning has transfigured through time and space. However, unlike the globalization of new mana, the important notion of Siona shamanic agency has been substituted by representations of the ritual substance of yajé as key symbol for power and knowledge as Siona rituals have been revitalized in their dialogue with the ethnic identity movement and the neo-shamanic network that associates sacred plants with primordial knowledge and agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. The Revitalization of Yajé Shamanism among the Siona: Strategies of Survival in Historical Context.
- Author
-
Langdon, Esther Jean
- Subjects
- *
SHAMANISM , *SIONI (South American people) , *SHAMANS , *AYAHUASCA ceremony - Abstract
This article outlines the transformations of yajé shamanism among the Siona Indians of the Northwest Amazon Basin of Colombia. The shaman's role and the political and sacred use of yajé rituals have changed since colonial times and can be seen as a result of adaptive strategies for survival. This study examines the factors that have contributed to the current revitalization due to state and popular representations of the ecological and wise Indian. Although Gow and Taussig argue that ayahuasca shamanism in Peru and folk healing in Colombia rose out of colonial domination and proletarian concerns, Siona shamanic practices are best understood as a transfiguration and result of their particular response to outside forces. Their contemporary use of yajé reflects this past and the discourse, aesthetics, expectations, and demands of the larger society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. New Perspectives of Shamanism in Brazil.
- Author
-
Langdon, Esther Jean
- Subjects
SHAMANISM ,ANTHROPOLOGY ,MANNERS & customs ,SOCIOCULTURAL factors ,DIALOGICS ,CIVILIZATION - Abstract
Copyright of Civilisations is the property of Institut de Sociologie - ULB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. (Neo) Shamanic Dialogues: Encounters between the Guarani and Ayahuasca.
- Author
-
Langdon, Esther Jean and de Rose, Isabel Santana
- Subjects
AYAHUASCA ceremony ,GUARANI (South American people) ,SHAMANISM ,SANTO Daime ,RELIGION & sociology ,INDIGENOUS peoples of Brazil ,RITES & ceremonies ,RELIGION - Abstract
This paper is a reflection on the ritual incorporation of ayahuasca, an Amazonian psychoactive ritual substance, by members of a Guarani Indian village on the Atlantic coast of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Their shamanic leaders have adapted the use of this beverage into their ritual practices and recognize it as part of their culture and tradition. This process of appropriation is a result of the formation of a network that involves various actors, among them the Guarani Indians, members of Sacred Fire of ltzachilatlan, followers of the Brazilian ayahuasca religion Santo Daime, and a health team employed to provide primary attention to Indian communities. Based on this case study, we demonstrate that shamanisms today emerge out of specific political and historic contexts. If the concept of shamanism is useful as an analytical paradigm, it must be thought of as a dialogical category constructed through interaction between actors with diverse origins, discourses, and interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. REDES XAMÂNICAS, CURANDERISMO E PROCESSOS INTERÉTNICOS: UMA ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA.
- Author
-
Langdon, Esther Jean
- Subjects
RELIGION & politics ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors ,COMPARATIVE studies ,SHAMANS ,RELIGIOUS leaders ,POLITICAL leadership - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Mediacoes is the property of Universidade Estadual de Londrina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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