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To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.03.009 Byline: Tim Rixen (a), Antje Baum (a), Harni Sepryani (b), Thomas Pohlmann (c), Christine Jose (b), Joko Samiaji (b) Abstract: The Siak is a typical, nutrient-poor, well-mixed, black water river in central Sumatra, Indonesia, which owes its brown color to dissolved organic matter (DOM) leached from surrounding, heavily disturbed peat soils. We measured dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and oxygen concentrations along the river, carried out a 36-h experiment in the province capital Pekanbaru and quantified organic matter and nutrient inputs from urban wastewater channels into the Siak. In order to consider the complex dynamic of oxygen in rivers, a box-diffusion model was used to interpret the measured data. The results suggest that the decomposition of soil derived DOM was the main factor influencing the oxygen concentration in the Siak which varied between [approximately equal to]100 and 140 [mu]mol l.sup.-1. Additional DOM input caused by wastewater discharges appeared to reduce the oxygen concentrations by [approximately equal to]20 [mu]mol l.sup.-1 during the peak-time in household water use in the early morning and in the early evening. Associated enhanced nutrient inputs appear to reduce the impact of the anthropogenic DOM by favoring the photosynthetic production of oxygen in the morning. A reduction of 20 [mu]mol l.sup.-1, which although perhaps not of great significance in Pekanbaru, has strong implications for wastewater management in the fast developing areas downstream Pekanbaru where oxygen concentrations rarely exceed 20 [mu]mol l.sup.-1. Author Affiliation: (a) Leibniz-Zentrum fur Marine Tropenokologie, Fahrenheitstr. 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany (b) University of Riau, Jl. Simpang Panam Km 12.5, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia (c) Zentrum fur Meeres- und Klimaforschung, Institut fur Meereskunde, Universitat Hamburg, Bundesstr. 53, 20146 Hamburg, Germany Article History: Received 14 April 2009; Revised 22 January 2010; Accepted 23 March 2010

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.05.008 Byline: Tansiphorn Janhom (a), Suraphong Wattanachira (a)(b), Prasert Pavasant (a)(c) Abstract: The wastewater treatment systems from the three local breweries consist of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and activated sludge (AS) connected in series for which the influent and effluent from each treatment step were collected and determined for their dissolved organic matter (DOM) surrogate parameters including dissolved organic carbon (DOC), UV.sub.254 and SUVA.sub.254. The analyses suggested that the influent wastewater contained a high level of aromatic organic content classified as humic substances with high average molecular weight. Organic removal mostly occurred in the UASBs where DOC and UV.sub.254 were reduced by 24-58% and 38-50%, respectively. Spectrofluorometry analysis (fluorescent excitation-emission matrix: FEEM) was reasonably accurate in evaluating DOM reduction during the treatment course. A total of eight fluorescent peaks were detected by the FEEM technique comprising (A) 230nm.sub.Ex/315nm.sub.Em, (B) 275nm.sub.Ex/315nm.sub.Em, (C) 230nm.sub.Ex/365nm.sub.Em, (D) 285nm.sub.Ex/365nm.sub.Em, (E) 290nm.sub.Ex/400nm.sub.Em, (F) 335-355nm.sub.Ex/405-465nm.sub.Em, (G) 255nm.sub.Ex/455nm.sub.Em, and (H) 500nm.sub.Ex/525nm.sub.Em. Peaks 'A and B' and 'C and D' were associated with tyrosine-like, tryptophan-like substances, respectively, whilst each individual peak E, F and G was associated with humic and fulvic acid-like substances. Peaks C, D, F and H were always found in the influent wastewater from all the breweries, whereas the effluents only exhibited Peak F. The origin of Peak H had not been recognized elsewhere and was not identified in this work. This suggested that FEEM could not only be used to monitor the reduction in DOM, but it could also provide details on the organic composition of the wastewater. Author Affiliation: (a) National Center of Excellence for Environmental and Hazardous Waste Management, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand (b) Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand (c) Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand Article History: Received 23 June 2007; Revised 23 April 2008; Accepted 15 May 2008

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.11.006 Byline: Sarunya Sujaritpong, Vilas Nitivattananon Abstract: As population densities have risen and settlements become increasingly crowded, wastewater effluent volumes have, not unexpectedly, also risen. The adverse impacts of effluent from housing estates (HEs) in suburban areas of Thailand, served by local wastewater management (WWM) systems, are of particular concern. Because of this problem, which reflects the poor performance of WWM systems, it has become increasingly important that the pivotal factors that hinder WWM improvements be identified and effective solutions be proposed and implemented. The goal of the research described in this paper was to determine the critical factors influencing WWM performance at HEs in suburban Bangkok, using multiple regression analysis. Three significant factors encompassing financial, social, institutional and general aspects were identified for each type of WWM system (community centralized and onsite). For the community centralized system, the key factors were house price, type of organization managing the HE, and the attitudes of the organization. For onsite systems, the three factors were total number of house units, direct experience with water pollution and percentage of occupied houses. These findings reflect the importance of having a WWM that employs an integrated approach rather than focusing on specific aspects in isolation from other factors. WWM performance could be improved if significant factors indicating high priority concerns were to be identified and properly applied. Addressing the priority concerns could, consequently, contribute to the development of appropriate environmental management measures, plans, and policies related to HE WWM. Author Affiliation: Urban Environmental Management Field of Study, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand Article History: Received 18 October 2006; Revised 3 November 2007; Accepted 30 November 2007

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.06.011 Byline: Markus T. Lasut (a), Kathe R. Jensen (b), Ganesh Shivakoti (a) Keywords: Wastewater management; Environmental management; Coastal city; Manado; North Sulawesi; Indonesia Abstract: Manado is the largest and most densely populated coastal city in North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The city is facing problems of wastewater discharged from various sources. These problems are driven by high population pressure, increasing economic activity, and low household income, in combination with inadequate organizational structure of government institutions for addressing the wastewater problems as well as for law enforcement. There have been no community initiatives to prevent or mitigate wastewater problems. Therefore, a wastewater management plan is urgently needed to prevent and mitigate pollution caused by discharged wastewater. In this paper we analyze the current situation with respect to environmental state, sources and treatment of wastewater, socio-economic and institutional capacities as well as community awareness. Constraints and potentials are discussed to give recommendations for an integrated wastewater management plan for the city of Manado. Author Affiliation: (a) Integrated Tropical Coastal Zone Management, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand (b) Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark Article History: Received 18 September 2005; Revised 30 May 2007; Accepted 6 June 2007

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.07.011 Byline: Guleda Onkal Engin (a), Ibrahim Demir (b) Abstract: Wastewater collection and treatment is quite important for sustainable management. It would be uneconomical and impractical to provide sewer systems and separate wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) for small communities. The decision process in wastewater planning is rather important in terms of comparing the alternatives considered. The two important points in the management of wastewater at rural areas not connected to a sewer system are to develop an optimized operation strategy and to make sure that the complete system is environmentally and economically sustainable. In some regions, package treatment could be an alternative solution. However, in cases where there is an existing large WWTP, a cluster system, where sewage generated by small communities could be transported via conveyors to a centralized WWTP, could be employed. In this study, the wastewater treatment and disposal problems in small communities were addressed and an alternative wastewater handling scenario was proposed. Additionally, three wastewater handling scenarios were compared. As a case study, Gebze villages were selected. Author Affiliation: (a) Gebze Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey (b) Environmental Informatics and Control Program, Warnell School of Forest Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA Article History: Received 7 September 2004; Revised 21 July 2005; Accepted 21 July 2005

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.10.004 Byline: Dae In Lee (a), Chung Kil Park (a), Hyeon Seo Cho (b) Abstract: This study estimated the appropriate pollutant load reduction from point sources in Kwangyang Bay, Korea, using an eco-hydrodynamic model. The total chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen (TN), and phosphorus (TP) loads from rivers and ditches that provide input to the bay were approximately 2.8x10.sup.4, 2.5x10.sup.4, and 5.9x10.sup.2 kgday.sup.-1, respectively. Wastewater discharge from industrial complexes was the greatest contributor to pollutant loads in the inner part of the bay. COD values in the inner part of the bay were greater than 3.0mgl.sup.-1, and exceeded Korean seawater quality grade III limits. A residual current was simulated, using a hydrodynamic model, to have a slightly complicated pattern in the inner part of the bay, ranging from 0.001 to 8cms.sup.-1. In the outer part of the bay, the simulated current flowed out to the South Sea with a southward flow at a maximum of 15cms.sup.-1. The results of the ecological model simulation of COD levels showed high concentrations, exceeding 4mgl.sup.-1, in the southwest of the Myodo, an area of wastewater discharge, and lower levels, approaching less than 1mgl.sup.-1, closer to the outer part of the bay. Engineering countermeasures to reduce the organic and inorganic material loads from point sources by more than 45% were required to keep the COD levels below 2mgl.sup.-1. Author Affiliation: (a) Division of Environmental System Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, South Korea (b) Division of Ocean System, Yosu National University, Yeosu, Jeonnam 550-749, South Korea Article History: Received 21 May 2003; Revised 18 October 2004; Accepted 21 October 2004

Byline: Aly Karameldin Treatment of radioactive wastewater streams is receiving considerable attention in most countries that have nuclear reactors. The first Egyptian research reactor ETRR-1 has been operating for 40 years, resulting in accumulation of large quantities of wastewater collected in special drainage tanks called SDTs. Previous attempts were aimed at the volumetric reduction of streams present in SDTs, by reverse osmosis systems, which previously succeeded in reducing the water volume present in SDTs from 450 m to 50 m (during the period 19982000). The main drawbacks of the RO system are the additional amount of secondary wastes (turbidity and emulsion filters media replacement, and the excessive amounts of chemicals for the membrane cleaning, flushing and storing), and a limited contaminant release in the SDTs area, resulting in the decommissioning of the RO system. Meanwhile, the SDTs waste contents recently reached 500 m. Recently, the invention of a system for volume reduction of the wastewater streams present in SDTs has been achieved. This system substantially utilises the air conditioning and ventilation techniques in water transfer from the wastewater to air. This process is promoted by a mutual heating and humidification of a compressed dry air introduced through SDTs. From the probable release of radioactive nuclides point of view, the analysis of the evapouration of waste streams present in SDTs has indicated that the proposed optimal evaporating temperature is around 75uC. The design curve of the daily volumetric reduction of the wastewater streams vs. the necessary volumetric airflow rates at different operating temperatures has been achieved. Recently, an experimental facility is being constructed to obtain the optimal operating parameters of the system, regarding the probable emissions of the radioactive nuclides within the permissible release limits.