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Questo contributo si propone di analizzare alcuni “formati di parola inediti” della lingua italiana, emersi dalla ricerca su corpora finalizzata all’elaborazione del dizionario CombiNet. L’analisi dei dati estratti dai corpora per la compilazione delle voci CombiNet ha infatti rivelato l’esistenza nel lessico dell’italiano di numerose strutture sintagmatiche e di “formati di parola”, non descritti nella letteratura. Questo contributo intende presentare i formati di parola inediti dell’italiano, discutendone alcune specifiche proprietà (es. la relazione tra i tipi sintagmatici e la funzione “alta” da essi svolta nella frase).Formacje nieskategoryzowane według danych ze słownika komputerowego "CombiNet"Niniejszy artykuł analizuje „formacje nieskategoryzowane” w języku włoskim na podstawie badań korpusowych przeprowadzonych w celu opracowania słownika CombiNet. Analiza danych , które posłużyły do uzupełnienia haseł CombiNet, wykazała istnienie w słownictwie języka włoskiego licznych struktur syntagmatycznych i metod słowotwórczych nieopisanych dotąd w literaturze naukowej. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie sposobów powstawania formacji nieskategoryzowanych oraz analizę ich wybranych cech (np. związku typów syntagmatycznych z ich funkcją w zdaniu).

Questo contributo intende analizzare le proprietà di alcune combinazioni di parole della lingua italiana, rappresentate da strutture riempite solo parzialmente da unità lessicali. Attraverso l’analisi di dati estratti da corpora, il contributo si propone di a) identificare e analizzare alcuni formati parzialmente riempiti dell’italiano emersi durante la stesura del dizionario combinatorio CombiNet, b) classificare tali unità sulla base di specifiche proprietà sintattiche o semantiche, c) mostrare una possibile rappresentazione lessicografica di tali formati di parola.Kombinacje słów częściowo wypełnione. Formacje oraz reprezentacja leksykograficznaNiniejszy artykuł ma na celu przeprowadzenie analizy właściwości niektórych kombinacji słów w języku włoskim przedstawionych za pomocą struktur, które zostały „wypełnione” jedynie w sposób częściowy przez jednostki leksykalne. Artykuł, poprzez analizę danych uzyskanych z korpusów, proponuje: a) identyfikację oraz analizę niektórych formacji częściowo wypełnionych w języku włoskim, które zostały zidentyfikowane podczas sporządzania słownika kombinatorycznego CombiNet; b) klasyfikację danych jednostek na podstawie określonych właściwości syntaktycznych bądź semantycznych; c) przedstawienie możliwej reprezentacji leksykograficznej danych formacji słów.

This paper reports on work, carried out in the framework of the CombiNet project, focusing on the automatic extraction of word combinations from large corpora, with a view to represent the full distributional profile of selected lemmas. We describe two extraction methods, based on part-of-speech sequences (P-method) and syntactic patterns (S-method), respectively, evaluating their performance – contrastively, and with reference to external benchmarks – and discussing the relevance of automatic knowledge acquisition for lexicographic purposes. Our results indicate that both approaches provide valuable data and confirm previous claims that P-methods and S-methods are largely complementary, as they tend to retrieve different types of word combinations. In the second part of the paper, we present SYMPAThy, a data representation format devised to fruitfully merge the two methods by leveraging their respective points of strength. In order to explore SYMPAThy’s potentialities, a preliminary investigation on a small set of Italian idioms, and specifically their degree of fixedness/productivity, is also described.

Although the interest of literature in word combinations has significantly increased over the last decades, the full classification of their types and comprehensive collection of their forms is far from complete and flawless. This paper presents the results of a research project devoted precisely to the collection and analysis of Italian combinatorial lexicon. The investigation has both a theoretical and an empirical import. From the former point of view, it takes into account multiword units as specific forms of lexical entry. On the basis of the most recent achievements in lexicology, the notion of ‘word format’ is introduced and the vast variety of the combination formats is considered and classified. Various specific case studies of combinations are discussed. From the empirical point of view, the CombiNet dictionary is presented, an on-line lexicographic tool recording a sample of Italian multiword entries implementing an ample variety of entry formats. In addition to describing the lexicographic layout in detail, the paper illustrates the advanced research tool CombiNet is equipped with, as a device for both lexicographic and lexicological investigation.

This paper introduces CombiNet dictionary, an on line corpus-based lexicographic tool representing combinatorial properties of Italian lexemes, developed by Roma Tre University, University of Pisa and University of Bologna. The lexicographic layout of CombiNet is designed to include different sets of information, such as i) syntactic configurations and ii) syntactic function of word combinations, iii) degree of lexical variation associated with specific types of multiword units. In fact, CombiNet records word combinations showing different degrees of lexicalizations and paradigmatic variability, which is a novelty in lexicography. This investigation intends to tackle several issues associated with CombiNet, and in particular it aims at a) showing procedures and methods used to create and compile CombiNet's entries, b) describing particular types of combinatorial phenomena emerged from the analysis of corpus-based data, c) illustrating the lexicographic layout that has been elaborated for word combinations representation, d) describing the advanced research tool CombiNet is equipped with, a useful device for lexicographic investigations as well as for lexicological analysis.

This paper reports on work carried out in the framework of an ongoing project aimed at building an online, corpus-based lexicographic resource for Italian Word Combinations. Our aim is to compare two of the most commonly used methods for the automatic extraction of word combinations from corpora, with a view to evaluate their performance – and ultimately their efficacy – with respect to the task of acquiring word combinations for inclusion in the lexicographic combinatory resource

English. We report on three experiments aimed at comparing two popular methods for the automatic extraction of Word Combinations from corpora, with a view to evaluate: i) their efficacy in acquiring data to be included in a combinatory resource for Italian; ii) the impact of different types of benchmarks on the evaluation itself. Italiano. Presentiamo i risultati di tre esperimenti che mirano a confrontare due metodi di estrazione automatica di combinazioni di parole da corpora, con lo scopo di: (i) valutare l’efficacia dei due metodi per acquisire dati da includere in una risorsa combinatoria per l’italiano, e (ii) analizzare e confrontare i metodi di valutazione stessi.