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This study proposed a framework using artificial neural networks (ANNs), the designed residual regression method, and probabilistic indexing, for drought sensitivity shift analysis, associated with future yield loss risk in Anthropocene. The temporal assessment of the drought index (standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index, SPEI) illustrated prevalent occurrence of mild to moderate drought with a fluctuating trend. Furthermore, the optimal ANN model, with R2 = 0.86 for training and 0.7 for testing, was used to project yield for future analysis. The projected spatial changes in drought sensitivity patterns suggest most of the area will experience an increased sensitivity to drought in the far future (2036–2050). The estimated probability loss under the different risk levels defined by the yield reduction rate was 6.2–55.5%. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of the designed risk index (IR) revealed the districts with the highest probability of vulnerability and showed a probable increase in future vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work provides novel insights into the uncertainty quantification and reliability sensitivity analysis of a direct-operated relief valve undergoing vibration. A reliability model for pressure tolerance failure of the relief valve is developed based on the criterion that the pressure tolerance exceeded the allowable value, incorporating the vibration and multiparameter uncertainty. The Simulink simulation is employed to analyze the nonlinear behaviors of the valve. To avoid excessive nonlinear calculations, a Kriging-based strategy is adopted for reliability sensitivity analysis, allowing for rapid estimation of nonlinear responses. The results are compared with those obtained by MCS to verify the performance of the proposed method. The sensitivity results indicate that the proposed method saves 98 % of computational time without much loss of accuracy. Furthermore, more attention should be paid to the spring stiffness, valve element mass, and controlled chamber volume in the structural reliability design of relief valves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The regional source–grid–load friendly interaction and precision regulation of adjustable resources with high sensitivity provide important support for the development of a new power system, improving its regulation ability and efficiency and promoting the safe, efficient, and reliable operation. Therefore, a precision regulation strategy for a regional source–grid–load friendly interaction based on a double-layer sensitivity model is proposed in this paper. Firstly, from the two perspectives of power grid-application requirements and power node-adjustable resources, the overall implementation process of the double-layer sensitivity analysis method is described, and the layered logic architecture of the precision regulation platform for regional source–grid–load friendly interaction is constructed in order to realize and apply the proposed double-layer sensitivity model and precision-regulation strategy. Secondly, the first-layer power transmission line-sensitivity analysis model is proposed for the power grid side to obtain the power transmission line-sensitivity matrix. A fine-grained second-layer adjustable resources sensitivity-analysis model is further established for the diversified adjustable resource aggregated under the power node to complete the quantitative ranking of adjustable resource-regulation sensitivity. Then, the application process of double-layer sensitivity analysis results is designed in detail, and the regulation sequence and regulation quantity of source and load are defined. Finally, taking a power system with seven lines, five power nodes, two power sources, and seven types of adjustable resources as an example, the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed model and strategy are verified. The results indicate that the proposed precise regulation strategy can accurately select high-sensitivity power nodes and effectively sort high-sensitivity adjustable resources when solving the multiple scenarios' application needs of power grids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel approach to studying divorce dynamics and elimination strategies using nonlinear differential equations. A mathematical model is formulated to capture the key factors influencing divorce rates. The model undergoes a rigorous theoretical analysis, including parameter estimation, solution existence/uniqueness, positivity, boundedness, and invariant regions. A qualitative analysis explores equilibria, stability conditions, and a sensitivity analysis. Numerical simulations and discussions are presented to validate the model and shed light on divorce dynamics. Finally, conclusions and future research directions are outlined. This work offers valuable insights for understanding and potentially mitigating divorce rates through targeted interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fabrication complexity and cost associated with nanoscale devices are major concerns. Therefore, to address these challenges, we have introduced a mole fraction-based approach for the sensitivity analysis of a dual material control gate cavity on a source electrically doped polarity-controlled tunnel field effect transistor (DMCG-CS-ED-PC-TFET)-based biosensor for label-free detection of biomolecule species. For this purpose, a polarity bias (electrically doped) of PG- 1 = + 1. 2 V and PG- 2 = − 1. 2 V is applied for the formation of n+ drain and p+ source regions, respectively, over the thin silicon body. The proposed device structure overcomes the random dopant fluctuation issues, thereby avoiding thermal budget and fabrication complexity as compared to the conventional TFET. Moreover, the nanogap cavity is created by etching the appropriate portion at the source side oxide layer. Furthermore, we have applied a dual metal work function (M1 and M2) at the gate electrode along with hetero material Si 1 − X Ge X at the source side region to improve the sensitivity of the device by varying the mole fraction value (X). The performance of the proposed device has been evaluated in terms of variations in carrier concentration profile, electric field variation, energy band diagram, transfer ( I DS − V GS ) characteristics and the sensitivity in terms of drain current (I DS ), ON-state current (I ON ) and switching ratio (I ON /I OFF ). Furthermore, the sensitivity of the proposed device biosensor has been investigated by considering nanocavity dimensions, practical challenges such as various fill factors, and various step profiles generated from steric hindrance. For this purpose, different neutral biomolecules such as Biotin (k = 2. 6 3), APTES (k = 3. 5 7), Keratin (k = 8), Ferrocytochrome C (k = 4. 7) and Gelatin (k = 1 2) have been considered in the etched nanocavity region. Additionally, charged biomolecules with positive (negative) charge densities at the oxide semiconductor interface below the nanocavity region have been incorporated to assess the performance of the proposed device using the Silvaco ATLAS device simulator. In this analysis, the proposed biosensor achieves a drain current sensitivity of 5. 6 5 × 1 0 1 0 for neutral biomolecules (k = 1 2), 6. 2 × 1 0 1 0 for ρ = 1 × 1 0 1 2 cm − 2 with k = 1 2 and 1. 2 × 1 0 1 1 for ρ = − 1 × 1 0 1 2 cm − 2 and k = 1 2. Finally, the performance of the proposed biosensor, DMCG-CS-ED-PC-TFET, exhibits higher sensitivity compared to various existing TFET-based biosensors. Hence, the proposed biosensor exhibits the potential candidate for the development of future sensing bio-equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy efficiency and sustainability of existing buildings have become a critical concern in Algeria's efforts to reduce energy consumption and mitigate environmental and economic impacts. To address this challenge, a systematic and effective decision-making method is required to select optimal building retrofit measures in alignment with Algeria's 2030 energy strategy. In this study, we propose an innovative approach based on the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP), a widely used multi-criteria decision-making method, to evaluate and prioritize different retrofit measures. The FAHP allows decision-makers to have a comprehensive framework for making informed choices by incorporating independently proposed economic, environmental and technical criteria. The results demonstrate the high significance of retrofit measures that enhance thermal insulation, with double glazing and roof insulation emerging as top priorities. Sensitivity analyses confirm the stability and robustness of the decision-making process. This approach offers valuable insights for policymakers and building professionals seeking to implement sustainable and energy-efficient retrofitting strategies in Algeria's construction sector. By aligning with the country's energy goals, this decision-making method contributes to achieving a more sustainable and environmentally responsible built environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we put forth an analysis of sensitivity which aims to discern individual from merely statistical evidence. We argue that sensitivity is not to be understood as a factive concept, but as a purely epistemic one. Our resulting analysis of epistemic sensitivity gives rise to an account of legal proof on which a defendant is only found liable based on epistemically sensitive evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real-life applications in project planning often involve grappling with inaccurate data or unexpected events, which can impact the project duration and cost. The delay in the project execution can be overcome by investing in additional resources to avoid compromising the project duration. The goal of the resource leveling problems (RLP) is to determine the optimal amount of resources to invest in, aiming to minimize the associated complementary costs and adhere to the fixed deadline. To tackle data uncertainty in the RLP, the literature has predominantly focused on developing robust and stochastic approaches. In contrast, sensitivity analysis and reactive approaches have received comparatively less attention, especially concerning the generalized RLP with flexible job durations. In this problem, the duration of each job depends on the amount of resources available for its execution. Therefore, utilizing more resources may help reduce the project duration but at an additional cost. This paper introduces a novel approach that addresses the generalized RLP with uncertain job and resource parameters, incorporating reactive and sensitivity-based methodologies. The proposed approach extends the concept of evaluation metrics from machine scheduling to the domain of the RLP with flexible job durations. It is based on a metric-based function that estimates the impact of changes in input data on the solution quality, considering both optimality and feasibility for the new problem instance. The approach is tested through numerical experiments conducted on benchmark instance sets to investigate the impact of variations in different problem parameters. The obtained results demonstrated a meaningful accuracy in estimating the impact on the value of the objective function. Additionally, they underscored the importance of utilizing optimality/feasibility preservation conditions, as for a significant portion of the tested instances, the use of these conditions gave a satisfactory outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SARS-CoV-2 still presents a global threat to human health due to the continued emergence of new strains and waning immunity among vaccinated populations. Therefore, it is still relevant to investigate potential therapeutics, such as therapeutic interfering particles (TIPs). Mathematical and computational modeling are valuable tools to study viral infection dynamics for predictive analysis. Here, we expand on the previous work on SARS-CoV-2 intra-cellular replication dynamics to include defective interfering particles (DIPs) as potential therapeutic agents. We formulate a deterministic model that describes the replication of wild-type (WT) SARS-CoV-2 virus in the presence of DIPs. Sensitivity analysis of parameters to several model outputs is employed to inform us on those parameters to be carefully calibrated from experimental data. We then study the effects of co-infection on WT replication and how DIP dose perturbs the release of WT viral particles. Furthermore, we provide a stochastic formulation of the model that is compared to the deterministic one. These models could be further developed into population-level models or used to guide the development and dose of TIPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphics processing units (GPUs) have become integral to embedded systems and supercomputing centres due to their large memory, cutting-edge technology and high performance per watt. However, their susceptibility to transient errors requires a comprehensive analysis of error sensitivity, as well as the development of error mitigation techniques and fault-tolerant algorithms. This study focuses on evaluating the soft-error sensitivity of two distinct versions of LU decomposition algorithms implemented on two very different GPUs—a low-power SoC embedded GPU and a high-performance massively parallel GPU. Through extensive fault injection campaigns on both GPUs, we examine the vulnerability of the algorithms, identify error causes, and determine critical code components requiring enhanced protection. The experiments reveal that most single bit flip fault injections in the instruction results lead to erroneous outcomes or unrecoverable errors. Notably, efficient GPU resource utilisation can increase the number of masked errors, thereby enhancing error resilience. Additionally, while different parts of the code exhibit similar error occurrence types and rates, the propagation of errors to elements within the result matrix differs significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water hammer, resulting from sudden valve closures or similar operations, is a primary cause of leakage and damage in fluid-conveying pipe systems. This work aims to investigate the reliability sensitivity of fluid-conveying pipes under the water hammer. A reliability model for the fluid-conveying straight pipe, involving uncertainty and fluid-structure interaction, is developed based on the stress-strength interference theory. Then the method of characteristics is employed to analyze the nonlinear behaviors of the pipe. To avoid excessive model evaluations, the Kriging surrogate strategy is used to evaluate rapidly the statistics of nonlinear responses. Furthermore, the Kriging model coupled with the single-loop Monte Carlo simulation is presented for estimating reliability sensitivity indices. The accuracy of results is verified by the Monte Carlo simulation. The results reveal that the proposed method is feasible for the reliability sensitivity analysis of fluid-conveying pipe under the water hammer. Moreover, the wall thickness has the most obvious influence on stress failure, followed by the inner radius, while the pipe length, Young's modulus, density of the pipe material, and Poisson ratio show a low effect. This work can not only guide the safety design of pipe but also enrich the theory and application of statistical analysis and reliability sensitivity evaluation for liquid-conveying pipe systems. • A reliability model for water hammer-induced failure of fluid-conveying pipe is developed. • The reliability model is proposed, incorporating uncertainty and fluid-structure interaction. • The Kriging-based strategy is employed to estimate the response and reliability sensitivity of the pipe. • Different input variables have diverse effects on the nonlinear behavior and reliability of the pipe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we investigated the sensitivity of the junctionless silicon nanotube tunnel field-effect transistor (JLSiNT-TFET). To accomplish this, we utilized the Sentaurus TCAD software tool to generate the 3D JLSiNT-TFET device. The sensitivity analysis is conducted using the device's geometrical parameters, including channel length (Lg), dielectric oxide (Tox) thickness, and silicon (tube wall) thickness (Tsi). This analysis is based on various device metrics, such as ON current (ION), OFF current (IOFF), sub-threshold swing (SS), threshold voltage (Vth), and cut-off frequency (fT). We observed that increasing the gate length (Lg) and tube wall thickness (Tsi) leads to sensitivity in ION, SS, and fT for larger values, while these parameters exhibited lower sensitivity to IOFF and Vth. Furthermore, when the dielectric oxide thickness (Tox) increased, we noted an increase in the sensitivity of IOFF current, accompanied by a decrease in ION and fT. Comparing the proposed device to the SiNT-TFET, we found significant improvements: ION improved by 39.51%, the ION/IOFF ratio increased by 40%, transconductance (gm) rose by 28.47%, and fT surged by 94.81%. Finally, the JLSiNT-TFET device metrics confirmed that substantial superiority over the silicon nanotube tunnel field-effect transistor (SiNT-TFET). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the urgent requirement for improved accuracy in diseasemodeling by introducing a newcomputational framework called the Hybrid SIR-Fuzzy Model. By integrating the traditional Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR)modelwith fuzzy logic, ourmethod effectively addresses the complex nature of epidemic dynamics by accurately accounting for uncertainties and imprecisions in both data and model parameters. The main aim of this research is to provide a model for disease transmission using fuzzy theory, which can successfully address uncertainty in mathematical modeling. Our main emphasis is on the imprecise transmission rate parameter, utilizing a three-part description of its membership level. This enhances the representation of disease processes with greater complexity and tackles the difficulties related to quantifying uncertainty in mathematical models. We investigate equilibrium points for three separate scenarios and perform a comprehensive sensitivity analysis, providing insight into the complex correlation betweenmodel parameters and epidemic results. In order to facilitate a quantitative analysis of the fuzzy model, we propose the implementation of a resilient numerical scheme. The convergence study of the scheme demonstrates its trustworthiness, providing a conditionally positive solution, which represents a significant improvement compared to current forward Euler schemes. The numerical findings demonstrate themodel's effectiveness in accurately representing the dynamics of disease transmission. Significantly, when the mortality coefficient rises, both the susceptible and infected populations decrease, highlighting the model's sensitivity to important epidemiological factors. Moreover, there is a direct relationship between higher Holling type rate values and a decrease in the number of individuals who are infected, as well as an increase in the number of susceptible individuals. This correlation offers a significant understanding of how many elements affect the consequences of an epidemic. Our objective is to enhance decision-making in public health by providing a thorough quantitative analysis of the Hybrid SIR-Fuzzy Model. Our approach not only tackles the existing constraints in disease modeling, but also paves the way for additional investigation, providing a vital instrument for researchers and policymakers alike. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Abnormal spermatozoa significantly impact reproductive health, affecting fertility rates, potentially prolonging conception time, and increasing the risk ofmiscarriages. This study employsMendelian randomization to explore their potential linkwith immune cells, aiming to reveal their potential causal association and wider implications for reproductive health. Methods: We conducted forward and reverse Mendelian randomization analyses to explore the potential causal connection between 731 immune cell signatures and abnormal spermatozoa. Using publicly available genetic data, we investigated various immune signatures such as median fluorescence intensities (MFI), relative cell (RC), absolute cell (AC), and morphological parameters (MP). Robustness was ensured through comprehensive sensitivity analyses assessing consistency, heterogeneity, and potential horizontal pleiotropy. The MR study produced a statistically significant p-value of .0000684, Bonferroni-corrected for the 731 exposures. Results: The Mendelian randomization analysis revealed strong indications of a reciprocal relationship between immune cell pathways and sperm integrity. When examining immune cell exposure, a potential causal link with abnormal sperm was observed in 35 different types of immune cells. Conversely, the reverse Mendelian randomization results indicated that abnormal sperm might causally affect 39 types of immune cells. These outcomes suggest a potential mutual influence between alterations in immune cell functionality and the quality of spermatozoa. Conclusion: This study highlights the close link between immune responses and sperm development, suggesting implications for reproductive health and immune therapies. Further researchmay offer crucial insights into male fertility and immune disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated how the prediction of the record-breaking heavy rainfall event that occurred in western Japan in July 2018 was affected by the initial conditions. The most sensitive region was identified and its impact on the verification region was described through ensemble forecasting. Backward trajectory and ensemble sensitivity analyses were conducted to determine the origin of the air mass that reached western Japan, leading to the event. The results consistently indicate that a moist air mass near the Ryukyu Islands, which lies windward of the affected area, was transported by the Western Pacific Subtropical High in the lower troposphere. Observation system experiments were conducted to confirm the importance of windward information, and the resulting statistical verification showed degradation for precipitation forecasts that did not include windward observations. Furthermore, windspeed overestimation in the poor forecast resulted in the precipitation zone being pushed northward, and the weakened convergence led to weaker precipitation than that observed during the actual event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study achieved the goal of guiding bed design and optimization by conducting multi-objective optimization research on the performance of CNC lathe beds. In this study, Morris analysis was first performed on the sensitivity of the parameters, and then out to optimize the parameters using a combination of neural network and genetic algorithm. The loss function value, RMSE error accumulation, recall, sensitivity and specificity of the ASSGA-BP optimization model were better. The maximum error between the predicted and true values of the ASSGA-BP model was 0.28 mm. In the performance study of the multi-objective optimization method based on the Morris sensitivity analysis and the improved GA algorithm, the average MAE value is 0.91 %. The average RMSE value is 0.59 %. Also, the new model is significantly better than the NSGA-II, EGA, and FGA algorithms in terms of both the number of final non-dominated solutions and the speed of reaching convergence. The above results demonstrate that the model proposed in this study has high performance, can achieve faster convergence and has the best stability of the convergence state. The innovation of this article lies in the use of the Morris method to screen and evaluate numerous parameters in order to improve the accuracy of the calculation results and ensure the effectiveness of the optimization results. The improved algorithm overcomes the problems of BP neural network and can effectively improve the generalization performance of the neural network, thereby improving the prediction accuracy of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) applications consist of techniques that enable the decision maker to make clearer decisions in scenarios where there is more than one alternative and criterion. The general approach for sensitivity analysis in MCDA applications implies sensitivity to the weight coefficient. In this study, as an alternative approach, we reinterpret sensitivity by using the statistical relationship between the final ranking produced by an MCDA method and a constant external factor. Thus, we both verify through an anchor and reveal to what extent the change in the weight coefficient changes the external relations of MCDA. The motivation for this study is to propose an alternative sensitivity methodology. On the other hand, brand value is a parameter that contains critical information about the future of the company, which has not integrated into financial performance studies made with MCDAs before. To that end, the financial performance of 31 companies with the highest brand value in Turkey and trading on Borsa Istanbul between 2013 and 2022 was analyzed with seven different MCDA applications via integrating brand value into the criteria for the first time. The study's findings revealed that the proposed innovative sensitivity tests produced similarly robust results as traditional tests. In addition, brand value has been proved to be an advantageous criterion to be implemented into MCDAs for financial performance problems through the sensitivity analysis made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, several performance analyses are conducted on all-dielectric absorbers composed of cylindrical-, elliptical-, square-, rectangular-, hexagonal-, and octagonal-shaped dielectric resonators. These performance analyses include the numerical investigation of the change in the resonance frequency and the absorption peak level with respect to the changes in dielectric constant and loss tangent, respectively, in the WR-284 rectangular waveguide setup. In addition, the designed structures are also analyzed in a free-space simulation setup to present the differences that come from using different boundary conditions and excitations. The analyses reveal that the absorption spectra behaviors are similar in response to changes in dielectric constants and loss tangents among the studied geometries. Absorption peak levels of the observed higher-order resonance modes are highly dependent on the resonator geometry. On the other hand, the free-space simulation results reveal that the designed structures have negligible cross-polarization components, hence they do not practically contribute to the absorption spectra. Moreover, absorption, reflection, and transmission spectra are highly affected by differences in the simulation setup and accordingly by the excitation signal for all resonator geometries. In addition, the behavior of the absorption spectra for all the dielectric resonator geometries is investigated under the oblique incident wave for TE and TM modes. It has been noticed that the absorption spectra are nearly independent of the angle at lower incident angle values. It is believed that these analyses will contribute to the sensor studies based on all-dielectric absorber designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research combines the COVID-19 and BCG vaccination subpopulations to examine the spread of COVID-19 coinfection and tuberculosis (TB) using a compartmental mathematical model. The model analysis yields the non-endemic and endemic equilibrium points in addition to the basic reproduction number. The vaccination variable in the model can reduce the incidence of COVID-19, TB, and coinfection. A sensitivity analysis using elasticity index is conducted and the result is that the natural death rate parameter is the most influential in relation to the accelerated spread of COVID-19 co-infection with tuberculosis. Additionally, we conduct a timedependent sensitivity analysis to determine how varying parameter values influence each subpopulation. By using this technique, we calculate the sensitivity index after reaching equilibrium of several groups of parameters, and the result is that resusceptible, immunity rate, symptomatic transition rate of TB, COVID-19 recovery rate, and natural death rate are the most influential for each group of parameters on the dynamics of each subpopulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy resources are decreasing in the world and the use of electrical machines is increasing. Motor design and development studies are carried out to reduce the losses and increase the efficiency of motors, which are widely used especially in industry. In this study, Line Start Synchronous Reluctance Motor (LS-SynRM) was designed by taking an induction motor, one of the most widely used motors in the industrial field, as a reference. With its rotor cage structure feature, it can be line-start without the need of a driver. The rotor has a lot of design variables due to slots and barriers. Sensitivity analysis was used to determine the effect of design variables on performance criteria such as power factor, efficiency and torque ripple. Subsequently, Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) optimization was used to find the values of the design variables that bring the motor performance closer to the optimum result. The results of the reference induction motor, initial LS-SynRM, and the optimized LS-SynRM are compared. It has been taken care to preserve the synchronization feature of the LS-SynRM and the related results are given in the analyses. It is shown that the optimized motor is in IE4 efficiency class and operates with low torque ripple. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the article involves presenting innovative approach to the assessment of structural reliability analysis. The primary research method was the First Order Reliability Method (FORM). The Hasofer-Lind reliability index in conjunction with transformation method in the FORM was adopted as the reliability measure. The implicit limit state functions were used in the analysis. The formulation of the random variables functions were created in the Matlab software by means of neural networks (NNs). The reliability analysis was conducted in Comrel module of Strurel computing environment. In the proposed approach, Hybrid FORM method (HF) used the concept in which NNs replaced the polynomial limit state functions obtained from FEM (Finite Elements Method) for chosen limit parameters of structure work. The module Comrel referenced Matlab files containing limit state functions. In the reliability analysis of structure, uncertain and uncorrelated parameters, such us base wind speed, characteristic snow load, elasticity modulus for steel and yield point steel are represented by random variables. The criterion of structural failure was expressed by four limit state functions - two related to the ultimate limit state and two related to the serviceability limit state. Using module Comrel values of the reliability index with the FORM method were determined. Additionally, the sensitivity of the reliability index to random variables and graph of partial safety factors were described. Replacing the FEM program by NNs significantly reduces the time needed to solve the task. Moreover, it enables the parallel formulation of many limit functions without extending the computation time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundwater serves as a useful source of freshwater to man. Its protection and assessment of potential exposure to contamination are imperative, as its remediation when contaminated is extremely challenging. Vertical electrical sounding was carried out in twenty (21) locations of Ovogovo area with the aim to evaluate the vulnerability of groundwater to pollution, using four vulnerability indexed-based models. Results from DRASTIC AND SINTACS models delineated low and moderate vulnerable zones, while DRASTICLu and SINTACSLu, establishing an index range of 177 to 191 and 160 to 174, respectively, delineated eleven (11) locations as highly vulnerable to contamination. The four models characterized six locations as moderately vulnerable. Statistical summary of DRASTICLu and SINTACSLu models identified high risk of aquifer contamination to originate from recharge and soil media, with a very low risk of contamination, emanating from nature of vadose zone, aquifer nature, topography and land use. Results from single parameter sensitivity and map removal analysis for the modified models delineated depth to water table and land use as the most sensitive parameters in vulnerability assessment of Ovogovo area. Single or multiple map removal analysis identified an increment in sensitivity to vulnerability index as more parameters were being removed. The integration of these vulnerability models and sensitivity analysis enhanced good interpretation of the estimated vulnerable zones. These results will serve as a guide to governmental and non-governmental bodies in understanding the Ovogovo groundwater vulnerability characteristics and sensitization of habitants against indiscriminate disposal of waste and other harmful contaminants for preservation of its groundwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores a mathematical model of malaria, focusing on the basic reproduction number (R0) and employing Lyapunov functions to assess the global stability of disease-free and endemic equilibria. Sensitivity analysis of key parameters is conducted to evaluate their impact on disease control. The results indicate an active malaria outbreak with decreasing human classes signifying disease progression and increasing mosquito classes suggesting heightened transmission risk. Effective control measures, including mosquito control and treatment of infected individuals, are essential to mitigate the outbreak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The rising number of vehicles used for transportation, which is attributed to the steady increase in population, is known to be a major contributor of air pollution, which, in turn, can have adverse effects on the environment and human health. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the concentration of carbon monoxide and fine particulate matter in the air and their potential health risks and further examine the use of probabilistic methods to simulate the sensitivity of people living in communities and school children to these pollutants. METHODS: This study collected carbon monoxide and fine particulate matter samples from 32 stations near community houses and 14 sites near schools located along roads. Hazard quotient and target hazard quotient calculations were used to estimate the non-carcinogenic health risks associated with exposure to these substances for both community adults and school children. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations were applied to analyze the sensitivity and uncertainty risks. FINDINGS: As per the results, the highest level of carbon monoxide was recorded in station 22, with 6729 microgram per cubic meter, while the lowest was in station 24, with 1037 microgram per cubic meter. Station 10 had the highest concentration of fine particulate matter at 116 microgram per cubic meter, as opposed to station 2 with the lowest level at 10 microgram per cubic meter. In children, the hazard quotient value for carbon monoxide was found to be highest at 3.013, with the lowest at 0.614. Similarly, the highest level of target hazard quotient for carbon monoxide in children was 7.370, whereas the lowest was 1.522. For fine particulate matter, the highest risk level was 0.180. Additionally, the highest, and lowest levels of target hazard quotient for fine particulate matter were 0.311 and 0.037, respectively. Deterministic and probabilistic approaches were used to assess the risks these pollutants impose on adults and school children based on their daily inhalation rate. The results revealed that the 5th and 95th percentiles of cancer risk for carbon monoxide in adults were 2.85 and 6.11, respectively, indicating medium risks. However, for fine particulate matter, the 5th, and 95th percentiles were 0.09 and 0.19, respectively, signifying lower risks. For school children, the percentiles for carbon monoxide and fine particulate matter were 1.20 and 2.50, respectively, demonstrating higher risks. CONCLUSION: As per the results, it was determined that the hazard quotient risk for carbon monoxide in adults exceeded the standard, >1, thus posing a risk. Only three stations had hazard quotient values lower than 1, which is deemed of safe level. Most of the fine particulate matter risk assessment results had hazard quotient values lower than 1, indicating a safe level. However, all other 30 stations had exceeded the World Health Organization standard (>1), thus demonstrating risks. The likelihood of the inhabitants being at risk increased as the frequency of discrete exposure occurrences increased; this is evidenced by target hazard quotient calculation results for both carbon monoxide and fine particulate matter at the 32 monitored station areas. These results warrant that future research should focus on reducing carbon monoxide and fine particulate matter in the environment by fostering awareness among local and national stakeholders as well as the academe; this may allow South Tangerang to become a center of excellence for green schools in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than 40 heat indices are being used across the world to quantify outdoor thermal comfort. The selection of an Outdoor Heat Stress Index (OHSI) depends on several parameters, including clothing, age, awareness, local environment, food consumption, human activities, and resources. This study investigates various indicators of heat stress, including (i) OHSIs officially used to quantify heat stress worldwide, (ii) the estimation methods of these indices, and (iii) the sensitivity analysis of indices, namely, Corrected Effective Temperature (CET), Heat Index (HI), Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT), Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), Discomfort Index (DI), Summer Simmer Index (SSI), and Predicted Mean Vote (PMV). The results indicate the degree of sensitivity of indices, with the HI being the most sensitive for estimating heat stress. Additionally, the WBGT, HI, and CET are recommended indices that can be directly measured using sensors instead of relying on calculated indices that are based on estimation techniques and some ideal physical assumptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Slope stability is very important for open pit mine engineering. In order to further study the sensitivity of the influencing factors of slope stability in a mine in Yunnan, this paper accurately determines the four factors that have the greatest impact on the slope stability of the mine according to the field exploration and rock mechanics laboratory tests. Then, the test group is designed by an orthogonal test, and then the slope safety factor is calculated based on the strength reduction method. Finally, the range analysis method and variance analysis method are used to compare and verify the experimental results, which fully guarantees the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the analysis. The final results show that the four factors have a significant impact on the slope of the mine. The sensitivity of the influencing factors of the slope stability of the mine from large to small is cohesion > horizontal seismic acceleration > internal friction angle > final slope angle; The order of sensitivity obtained by range analysis and variance analysis is consistent, which can be checked mutually. This study can provide reference for the design and reinforcement of similar open pit mine slopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Complex immune-brain interactions that affect neural development, survival and function might have causal and therapeutic implications for psychiatric illnesses. However, previous studies examining the association between immune inflammation and schizophrenia (SCZ) have yielded inconsistent findings. Methods: Comprehensive two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to determine the causal association between immune cell signatures and SCZ in this study. Based on publicly available genetic data, we explored causal associations between 731 immune cell signatures and SCZ risk. A total of four types of immune signatures (median fluorescence intensities (MFI), relative cell (RC), absolute cell (AC), and morphological parameters (MP)) were included. Comprehensive sensitivity analyses were used to verify the robustness, heterogeneity, and horizontal pleiotropy of the results. Results: After FDR correction, SCZ had no statistically significant effect on immunophenotypes. It was worth mentioning some phenotypes with unadjusted low P-values, including FSC-A on NKT (β = 0.119, 95% CI = 0.044 ~ 0.194, P = 0.002), DN (CD4-CD8-) NKT %T cell (β = 0.131, 95% CI = 0.054 ~ 0.208, P = 9.03 × 10− 4), and SSC-A on lymphocytes (β = 0.136, 95% CI = 0.059 ~ 0.213, P = 5.43 × 10− 4). The causal effect of SCZ IgD on transitional was estimated to 0.127 (95% CI = 0.051 ~ 0.203, P = 1.09 × 10− 3). SCZ also had a causal effect on IgD+ %B cell (β = 0.130, 95% CI = 0.054 ~ 0.207, P = 8.69 × 10− 4), and DP (CD4+CD8+) %T cell (β = 0.131, 95% CI = 0.054 ~ 0.207, P = 8.05 × 10− 4). Furthermore, four immunophenotypes were identified to be significantly associated with SCZ risk: naive CD4+ %T cell (OR = 0.986, 95% CI = 0.979 ~ 0.992, P = 1.37 × 10− 5), HLA DR on CD14− CD16− (OR = 0.738 (95% CI = 0.642 ~ 0.849, P = 2.00 × 10− 5), CD33dim HLA DR+ CD11b− AC (OR = 0.631, 95% CI = 0.529 ~ 0.753, P = 3.40 × 10− 7) and activated & resting Treg % CD4 Treg (OR = 0.937, 95% CI = 0.906 ~ 0.970, P = 1.96 × 10− 4). Conclusions: Our study has demonstrated the close connection between immune cells and SCZ by genetic means, thus providing guidance for future clinical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The China Geological Survey successfully completed the second trial of natural gas hydrate (NGH) production in 2020, and the daily gas production and total gas production were greater than those in the first trial, but the evaluation of NGH resources in the South China Sea (SCS) is still in the evaluation stage, specifically for the gas content. In 2021, some scholars used different methods to more accurately evaluate NGHs in the SCS to aid in NGH exploration and evaluation in the SCS; some of them analysed the main factors controlling NGH resources, added several factors to the volume method for optimization, studied the sensitivity of the evaluation of resources to each of the main controlling factors (NGH stability zone area, NGH area coefficient, NGH stability zone thickness, NGH thickness coefficient, NGH reservoir porosity, NGH reservoir saturation, NGH volumetric ratio, NGH resource ratio coefficient and NGH recovery coefficient) and found that the effective thickness coefficient, effective thickness and effective area coefficient are the most sensitive; these values are 23.15%, 15.66%, 13.98%, and 13.95%, respectively, while the other values are 0%, 15.66%, 8.42%, 8.41%, 2.50%, and 13.92%; taking into account the influence of the main controlling factors, the range of the water resource potential evaluation results in the SCS is 2.4 × 107 m3–5.9 × 1014 m3, the modal value is 7.25 × 1011 m3, and the confidence level of the modal ±25% interval is 77.8%; these values provide a higher evaluation accuracy and higher resource level, which is consistent with the current results of NGH research in the SCS. Although the development of NGHs in the SCS is progressing rapidly, basic exploration is relatively scarce, and the number of samples of effective thickness obtained through dozens of exploratory wells is too few. It is recommended that China carry out more exploration and research projects in the Shenhu area and the entire SCS to obtain more accurate thickness data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we investigated the transmission of cholera infection through mathematical modelling. We calculated the contact number by applying the technique of next generation matrix method to find about infection dissemination as well as control in the population. Two types of constant solutions: infection free as well as infection present have been calculated. Stability of both constant solutions has been discussed. To control the dissemination of disease, we formulated an optimal control problem. Strategies, which are used to control this disease, have been composed on the consequences of sensitivity analysis. In order to gain better insight into the comparative results of analytical and numerical outcomes, the problem was revisited, and found that numerical results support our analytical findings. Our results conclude that pre-exposure vaccination can substantially reduce the risk of cholera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science) is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electric Power Automation Equipment / Dianli Zidonghua Shebei is the property of Electric Power Automation Equipment Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The study has two main objectives. The first is to introduce three new examination policy practices: overbooked exam rooms, a substitute invigilator and an inheritance of the invigilation distribution. The second is the use of the examination model to determine the sustainability of the system against expected changes and to obtain long-term strategic information. This study aims to obtain managerial insights on the sustainability of the examination system with the newly introduced practices; it does not claim to propose solutions for large-scale problems. Design/methodology/approach: This study introduces a multi-objective mathematical model that contains a couple of constraints that belong to new practices. To check the sustainability of the system, this study gets help from sensitivity analysis, which informs the decision-maker about how the results will react to parameter changes. The authors perform all experiments in the Python/Gurobi modeling environment. Findings: The results demonstrate that the proposed practices are effective in the efficient use of resources. Also, this study shows that the examination model can be used as a stress test so that the weaknesses of the system can be identified and long-term strategic information can be obtained. Originality/value: The contribution of this study is twofold: the introduction of examination policy practices that are overbooked exam rooms, a substitute invigilator and an inheritance of the invigilation distribution. Overbooked exam rooms aim to use resources effectively, taking into account the possibility of temporarily increasing the exam room capacity. The substitute invigilator protects the examination process against sudden events. The inheritance of the invigilation distribution helps to ensure fairness; and the use of the examination model to obtain managerial insights on expectations. This allows testing the validity of existing policies and making necessary changes, taking into account possible changes in the system. In this respect, it differs from the studies in the literature and fills an important managerial gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), ranks as the third most prevalent malignancy contributing to cancer-related death on a global scale. Hepatocellular carcinoma is known to be the fifth most frequently diagnosed malignancy of the males while among females, it is ranked as the seventh most common malignancy. The study was conducted to detect the sensitivity of primary HCC using 18F-flourodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG PET-CT) scan. Materials and methods: This prospective study was conducted to identify the primary HCC in a sample size of 51 patients, in whom FDG PET-CT scan was performed between May 2022 and December 2022. Results: Among the cohort of 51 patients, primary HCC was detected on FDG PET-CT in 43 individuals representing true-positive cases. Conversely, FDG PET-CT was unable to detect HCC in 8 cases, representing false-negative. Out of 51 patients, 74.5% of HCC cases exhibited multifocal pattern. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max) of the primary malignant site ranged from 1.9 to 16.1, with a mean of 3.7 ± 2.8. The FDG PET-CT revealed abnormal sites of the uptake outside liver in 23 individuals. The research confirmed the tumor recurrence in four previously treated patients. In the conducted investigation, FDG PET-CT showed 84.3% sensitivity for the diagnosis of HCC. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that FDG PET-CT is a viable option for the detection of HCC. The sensitivity of FDG PET-CT in our population is comparable and in agreement with international data for diagnosis of HCC thereby favoring its reproducibility among geographical and ethnic groups. However, owing to the reduced ability of FDG PET-CT scan to identify well-differentiated/low-grade HCC, the routine use of FDG PET-CT scan may not be considered in cases requiring evaluation of primary disease only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perturbations are ubiquitous in metabolism. A central tool to understand and control their influence on metabolic networks is sensitivity analysis, which investigates how the network responds to external perturbations. We follow here a structural approach: the analysis is based on the network stoichiometry only and it does not require any quantitative knowledge of the reaction rates. We consider perturbations of reaction rates and metabolite concentrations, at equilibrium, and we investigate the responses in the network. For general metabolic systems, this paper focuses on the sign of the responses, that is, whether a response is positive, negative or whether its sign depends on the parameters of the system. In particular, we identify and describe the subnetworks that are the main players in the sign description. These subnetworks are associated to certain kernel vectors of the stoichiometric matrix and are thus independent from the chosen kinetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of increased interest in space applications, radiation-aware circuit design has become a major concern to guarantee the safe operation of electronic systems operating under extreme space conditions. As the first step, several ad-hoc simulation approaches have been developed in analog and digital domains to estimate the functional behavior of circuits exposed to high radiation. However, most of these tools are application specific and stand-alone (not integrated into the simulation tools). Also, several commercial CAD solutions exist; however, access to these tools is limited due to security measures. To this end, we have developed a well-equipped, SPICE-integrated, and free-to-access simulation tool, RadiSPICE, capable of running statistical radiation simulations and performing extended temperature and sensitivity analyses. By using RadiSPICE, one can readily predict the functional behavior of circuits after long-term or short-term radiation effects. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis reveals vulnerabilities of the design against radiation and provides valuable design hints to the designer to make circuits radiation-hardened. To demonstrate the proposed tool, we have performed several experiments on two analog building blocks with different topologies (bandgap reference and comparator circuits) using RadiSPICE and discussed the robustness of the designs in detail. • This article presents RadiSPICE, a SPICE-integrated, free-access simulation tool. • The tool is intended for radiation-aware circuit design, for space applications. • Statistical simulations for long- and short-term radiation effects are covered. • The sensitivity analysis tool provides radiation-aware circuit design insight. • The circuit functionality after long- and short-term effects is demonstrated. • Two analog blocks are simulated and investigated for robustness in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sample size calculation based on a specified width of 95% confidence interval will offer researchers the freedom to set the level of accuracy of the statistics that they aim to achieve for a particular study. This paper provides a description of the general conceptual context for performing sensitivity and specificity analysis. Subsequently, sample size tables for sensitivity and specificity analysis based on a specified 95% confidence interval width is then provided. Such recommendations for sample size planning are provided based on two different scenarios: one for a diagnostic purpose and another for a screening purpose. Further discussion on all the other relevant considerations for the determination of a minimum sample size requirement and on how to draft the sample size statement for performing sensitivity and specificity analysis are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimization of the pile driver frame is very important to the overall performance of the pile driver. This paper examines the large body structure of a model of a hydraulic static pile driver as the research object. ANSYS APDL finite element software is used to perform static analysis and sensitivity analysis on the large body structure of the pile driver. On the premise of meeting the design requirements, according to the most dangerous working conditions of the pile driver, the size optimization of the frame structure of the pile driver is carried out based on sensitivity analysis. The mathematical model is established with the plate thickness as the design variable, the strength and stiffness of the body structure as the constraints, and the minimum mass of the body structure as the objective function. The optimization results show that the optimization design model based on sensitivity analysis not only meets the strength and stiffness conditions of the large structure, but also reduces the structural mass by 22.1% and greatly reduces the production cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the impact of viscoelastic tidal deformation of the Moon on the motion of a polar orbiter. The dissipative effects in the Moon's interior, i.e., tidal phase lags, are modeled as Fourier series sampled at given frequencies associated with linear combinations of Delaunay arguments, the fundamental parameters describing the lunar motion around the Earth and the Sun. We implement the tidal model to evaluate the temporal lunar gravity field and the induced perturbation on the orbiter. We validate the numerical scheme via a frequency analysis of the perturbed orbital motion. We show that, in the case of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter at a low altitude of less than 200 km, the main lunar tides and hence the potential Love numbers around the monthly and some multiple frequencies are dynamically separable. The omission of those effects in practice introduces a position error at the level of a few decimeters within 10 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this manuscript, a new bio photonic sensor composed of porous silicon based on one dimensional graded index cavity-based cholesterol sensor is proposed. Sensitivity of the sensor has been estimated using step index and exponentially graded index geometry. Modulation of the refractive index varies exponentially along the layer's depth on graded index geometry. To ease the analyte infiltration, porous material is considered for the proposed structure. The reflectance and sensitivity of proposed multilayer structure is analyzed using transfer matrix method. The proposed structure exhibits a maximum average sensitivity of 270.59 nm/RIU for step index structure, where as it is 433.144 nm/RIU for exponentially graded index structure at 40° angle of incidence. The proposed structure is compact in size, easy to fabricate and cost effective and has a potential to detect the cholesterol concentration with high efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the effect of material parameters on dynamic air permeability of parachute fabrics, the relative porosity model was obtained by considering the yarns stretching in length and shrinking in cross-section under the transient pressure differential. A parachute fabric dynamic air permeability model with fabric material parameters was established based on the Ergun equation. The results showed that the new model is more accurate and is applicable of higher pressure differential compared with other traditional methods. On this basis, the sensitivity analysis of the effect of the fabric structural parameters and mechanical parameters on dynamic air permeability was conducted. The results showed that: (1) the dynamic air permeability decreases with increasing fabric thickness and fabric Young's modulus, and increases with increasing fabric test area and fabric Poisson's ratio, and (2) the dynamic air permeability is more sensitive to the fabric thickness and is less sensitive to the fabric tested area, The dynamic air permeability is significantly affected by fabric Young's modulus, but slightly affected by fabric Poisson's ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the sensitivity caused by the input parameters, such as Lewis number ( L e ), thermophoresis parameter ( N t ) and Brownian motion parameter ( N b ) of a nanofluid flow past a stretching flat surface is studied using response surface methodology (RSM). The mathematical model is solved using numerical technique and Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are considered as quantities of interest. The involved parameters, such as Lewis number, thermophoresis parameter and Brownian motion parameter, are varied for arbitrary values in the interval. A central composite design is used to obtain the quadratic model for the output, such as Nusselt and Sherwood numbers. It is found that reduced Nusselt number is most sensitive towards the Brownian motion parameter ( N b ) in the interval 5 ≤ L e ≤ 25 . Sherwood number is sensitive towards thermophoresis parameter in the interval 5 ≤ L e ≤ 25 for fixed Brownian motion parameter ( N b = 0.3 ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanism of pipe–soil interaction under frost heaving is complicated due to many factors affecting the pipe–soil system. In order to analyze the sensitivity of various pipe–soil interaction influencing factors and highlight the relationship between the factors and the pipe's mechanical characteristics during frost heaving, a pipe–soil interaction model based on a semi-infinite elastic frozen soil foundation is developed. Besides, the mechanical indices characterizing the influence factors and their change law are emphatically explored. The results show that the pipe stress changes most obviously at the transition region between the frost-heaving and non-frost-heaving regions. The equivalent stress increases nonlinearly with the increase of foundation coefficient, linearly with the increase of frost heave and elastic modulus of pipe, and decreases nonlinearly with the increase of transition length and pipe wall thickness. The peak stress of the pipe increases linearly with the increase of temperature difference. Moreover, the maximum allowable frost heave deformation decreases nonlinearly with the increase of oil pressure. This study helps provide theoretical reference for the adjustment, control, and prediction of stress and deformation in the design of buried pipelines under frost heaving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The separation of gangues from coals with robots is an effective and practicable means. Therefore, a cable-suspended gangue-sorting robot (CSGSR) with an end-grab was developed in our early work. Due to the unidirectional characteristic, the flexibility of cables, and the dynamic impact of pick-and-place gangues, one of the significant issues with the robots is robustness under internal and external disturbances. Cable tensions, being the end-grab's constraints, have a crucial effect on the robustness of the CSGSR while disturbances are on. Two main issues related to the CSGSR, as a result, are addressed in the present paper: minimum dynamic cable tension workspace generation and a sensitivity analysis method for the dynamic cable tensions. Firstly, the four cable tensions and minimum dynamic cable tension while the end-grab was located at an arbitrary position of the task space were obtained with the dynamics of the CSGSR. In addition, with the dynamics of the CSGSR, a minimum dynamic cable tension workspace (MDCTW) generating approach is presented, where the minimum dynamic cable tensions are greater than a preset value, therefore ensuring the robustness of the end-grab under the disturbances. Secondly, a method for dynamic cable tension sensitivity (DCTS) of the robots is proposed with grey relational analysis, by which the influence degree of the end-grab's positions on the four dynamic cable tensions and the minimum dynamic cable tensions was considered. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed MDCTW generation algorithm and the DCTS analysis method were examined through simulation on the CSGSR, and it was indicated that the proposed MDCTW generation algorithm and the DCTS analysis method were able to provide theoretical guidance for pick-and-place trajectory planning and generation of the end-grab in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Norton equivalent model based on the transfer function and the frequency domain analysis method for inverter resonance analysis lacks a comprehensive analysis of the resonant characteristics, and more information about the resonant key components and the degree of participation cannot be obtained. In this paper, a decomposed conductance model is proposed to characterize the resonance characteristics of the multi-inverter grid-connected system and the effect of the equivalent control link of the inverter on the resonance in more detail by combining the modal analysis method and the sensitivity analysis method. Firstly, based on αβ coordinates, the conductance division is carried out for the dual-loop inverter control link with the voltage external loop and current internal loop using capacitor-current feedback damping, and the inverter model based on the decomposition conductance is derived. The mathematical model of the multi-inverter grid-connected system is then established. Secondly, the resonance characteristics of the system are analyzed by combining the modal and frequency domain analysis methods when the number of inverters, inverter parameters, and grid-side impedance are changed. Thirdly, the degree of involvement of the system components, especially the equivalent control link of the inverter in resonance conditions, is determined in combination with the proposed model and the sensitivity analysis method, which is the basis for proposing an effective suppression strategy. Finally, a simulation model is built to verify the proposed method and the analysis results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The time-dependent mechanism reliability and sensitivity analysis with imprecise probability distributions is investigated in this article. First, the interval model is employed to describe the uncertainty of the parameters of input variables due to the lack of data and knowledge. Next, the form of time-dependent failure probability and global reliability sensitivity (GRS) main effect index in the case of interval distribution parameters is analyzed. Then, the calculation methods of failure probability and GRS main effect index under the above circumstance are discussed. Finally, combined with the optimization algorithm, the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method and the method based on envelope function (MEVF) are proposed. By comparing with the MCS results, several numerical and engineering examples are analyzed to demonstrate the significance as well as the effectiveness of MEVF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider a two-dimensional biomorphoelastic model describing post-burn scar contraction. This model describes skin displacement and the development of the effective Eulerian strain in the tissue. Besides these mechanical components, signaling molecules, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and collagen also play a significant role in the model. We perform a sensitivity analysis for the independent parameters of the model and focus on the effects on features of the relative surface area and the total strain energy density. We conclude that the most sensitive parameters are the Poisson's ratio, the equilibrium collagen concentration, the contraction inhibitor constant, and the myofibroblast apoptosis rate. Next to these insights, we perform a sensitivity analysis where the proliferation rates of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts are not the same. The impact of this model adaptation is significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A compact and low-profile curve-feed complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) microwave sensor for solid material detection is presented in this article. The curve-feed CSRR sensor was developed based on the CSRR configuration with triple rings (TRs) designed together, utilizing a high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) microwave studio. The designed curve-feed CSRR sensor resonates at 2.5 GHz, performs in transmission mode, and senses shift in frequency. Four varieties of the sample under tests (SUTs) were simulated and measured. These SUTs are Air (without SUT), Roger 5880, Roger 4350, FR4, and detailed sensitivity analysis is being performed for the resonant band at 2.5 GHz. The finalized CSRR curve-feed sensor was integrated with defective ground structure (DGS) to deliver high-performance characteristics in microstrip circuits, which leads to a high Q-factor magnitude. The presented curve-feed sensor has a Q-factor of 520 at 2.5 GHz, with high sensitivity of about 1.072. The relationship between loss tangent, permittivity, and Q-factor at the resonant frequency has been compared and discussed. These disseminated outcomes make the suggested sensor ideal for characterizing solid materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Accurate simulation of wildfires can benefit pre-ignition mitigation and preparedness, and post-ignition emergency response management. Aims: We evaluated the performance of Weather Research and Forecast-Fire (WRF-Fire), a coupled fire-atmosphere wildland fire simulation platform, in simulating a large historic fire (2018 Camp Fire). Methods: A baseline model based on a setup typically used for WRF-Fire operational applications is utilised to simulate Camp Fire. Simulation results are compared to high-temporal-resolution fire perimeters derived from NEXRAD observations. The sensitivity of the model to a series of modelling parameters and assumptions governing the simulated wind field are then investigated. Results of WRF-Fire for Camp Fire are compared to FARSITE. Key results: Baseline case shows non-negligible discrepancies between the simulated fire and the observations on rate of spread (ROS) and spread direction. Sensitivity analysis results show that refining the atmospheric grid of Camp Fire's complex terrain improves fire prediction capabilities. Conclusions: Sensitivity studies show the importance of refined atmosphere modelling for wildland fire simulation using WRF-Fire in complex terrains. Compared to FARSITE, WRF-Fire agrees better with the observations in terms of fire propagation rate and direction. Implications: The findings suggest the need for further investigation of other possible sources of wildfire modelling uncertainties and errors. Through sensitivity analyses and by comparing with real-world fire perimeters for the 2018 Camp Fire, the performance and challenges of wildland fire simulation with the WRF-Fire simulation platform are investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]