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A Gram-stain-negative, heterotrophic, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain (GW1-59 T ) belonging to the genus Lysobacter was isolated from coastal sediment collected from the Chinese Great Wall Station, Antarctica. The strain was identified using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The strain grew well on Reasoner's 2A media and could grow in the presence of 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1 %), at pH 9.0-11.0 and at 15-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C). Strain GW1-59 T possessed ubiquinone-8 as the sole respiratory quinone. The major phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The major fatty acids were summed feature 9 (10-methyl C 16 : 0 and/or iso-C 17 : 1  ω 9 c ), iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 16 : 0 , iso-C 17 : 0 , C 16 : 0 and iso-C 11 : 0 3-OH. DNA-DNA relatedness with Lysobacter concretionis Ko07 T , the nearest phylogenetic relative (98.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) was 23.4 % (21.1-25.9 %). The average nucleotide identity value between strain GW1-59 T and L. concretionis Ko07 T was 80.1 %. The physiological and biochemical results and low level of DNA-DNA relatedness suggested the phenotypic and genotypic differentiation of strain GW1-59 T from other Lysobacter species. On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, a novel species, Lysobacter antarcticus sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is GW1-59 T (=CCTCC AB 2019390 T =KCTC 72831 T ).

A novel bacterial strain, designated KVB24 T , was isolated from sea-water of Busan Harbour in South Korea. Cells of strain KVB24 T were Gram-stain negative, aerobic, rod shaped and non-motile. Strain KVB24 T grew optimally at 25-28 °C and pH 6.5-7.0. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain KVB24 T was shown to belong to the genus Lysobacter within the class Gammaproteobacteria and to be closely related to Lysobacter dokdonensis DS-58 T , Lysobacter hankyongensis KTce-2 T and Lysobacter niastensis GH41-7 T . DNA-DNA relatedness between strain KVB24 T and its current closest relative was below 70%. The predominant fatty acids of strain KVB24 T were iso-C 11:0 , iso-C 11:0 3-OH, iso-C 14:0 , iso-C 15:0 , anteiso-C 15:0 , iso-C 16:0 and summed feature 9 comprising (iso-C 17:1 ω9c and/or 10 methyl C 16:0 ); the prominent isoprenoid was Q-8 and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The G + C content of genomic DNA from strain KVB24 T was determined to be 67.5 mol%. Based on the phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain KVB24 T represents a novel species of the genus Lysobacter, for which the name Lysobacter caseinilyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KVB24 T (= KACC19816 T  = JCM32879 T ).

A strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, apricot-pigmented, non-motile, rod-shaped strain designated KMU-14(T) was isolated from seawater collected from the coastal zone of Yokji Island, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the novel isolate was affiliated with the genus Lysobacter within the class Gammaproteobacteria and that it showed the highest sequence similarity (97.1 %) to Lysobacter concretionis Ko07(T). The hybridization value for DNA-DNA relatedness between the strains of KMU-14(T) and L. concretionis Ko07(T) was 34.8 %, which was lower than 70 %, the recommended delineation value for differentiation of species. The DNA G+C content of strain KMU-14(T) was 64.9 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 8 (Q-8), and iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, and 10-methyl C16:0 and/or iso-C17:1 ω9c were the major (>10 %) cellular fatty acids. A polar lipid profile was present consisting of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phosphoglycolipid, two unidentified aminophospholipids, and two unidentified phospholipids. From the distinct phylogenetic position and combination of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, the strain is considered to represent a novel species for which the name Lysobacter maris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of L. maris sp. nov. is KMU-14(T) (=KCTC 42381(T) =NBRC 110750(T)).

The novel carbazole (CAR)-degrading bacterium Lysobacter sp. strain OC7 has been isolated from seawater and can also utilize naphthalene and phenanthrene as its sole carbon and energy source. The CAR-degradative gene cluster was isolated and encoded five complete open reading frames (ORFs) and two truncated ORFs. Among them, four ORFs showed 40-50% similarity with previously reported CAR-degradative genes. Ferredoxin (carAc) and ferredoxin reductase (carAd) genes, which are necessary for the CAR 1,9a-dioxygenase system, were not found in this car gene cluster. The car (OC7) gene transcripts were strongly detected when CAR was provided. However, these transcripts were also detected when naphthalene was provided. The resting cell reaction with Escherichia coli revealed that CarAa(OC7) can use CarAc and CarAd of Pseudomonas resinovorans CA10 as ferredoxin and ferredoxin reductase, respectively, and converted CAR to 2'-aminobiphenyl-2,3-diol. In 13 marine CAR-degrading isolates, only Caulobacter sp. strain OC6 hybridized with the car (OC7) gene cluster probe. This is the first report showing CAR-degradative genes from the genus Lysobacter.