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Rodenticides are biocidal products that are used in order to control rats and mice. This screening study aims at investigating whether chemical substances belonging to the group anticoagulant rodenticides can be detected in Swedish non-target biota, and to investigate if the levels are different compared with the results from a previous study. The levels of anticoagulant rodenticides detected in the present screening study are similar to those found in earlier studies in Sweden and elsewhere. The literature indicates that toxic effects can occur in birds at levels > 100 ng/g (liver) whereas the level > 200 ng/g has been proposed to be a threshold level in foxes. Some individuals of raptors (n =2) and several foxes (n = 7) exceed these levels in the present study. These data suggest that anticoagulant rodenticides that are transferred in the food web may cause secondary toxicity in non-target mammals and birds in Sweden. However, no pathology has been performed for the individuals of the present study that can confirm any concentration-effect relationship or reason for mortality.

IVL has performed a follow-up study on anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs on commission fromthe Swedish EPA. In the first project was sewage water and sludge investigated. This investigation wasfocused on the occurrence of these drugs in surface water, sediment and fish in a watercourseinfluenced by the local WWTP. For this purpose was an analytical method developed capable toconcentrate, separate and detect free and conjugated anti-inflammatory drugs.Eight pharmaceutical drugs were analysed: paracetamol, acetyl salicylic acid, salicylic acid, ibuprofen,naproxen, ketoprofen, diclofenac and two metabolites of ibuprofen.Conjugated anti-inflammatory drugs were detected at low concentrations (< 1 % of total) in influentand effluent. In the water and sediment samples were all the analysed drugs detected but at somewhatdifferent pattern than in the sewage water. The anti-inflammatory drugs and paracetamol were notdetected in fish collected in the vicinity of the WWTP discharge point.

IVL has performed a follow-up study on anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs on commission from the Swedish EPA. In the first project was sewage water and sludge investigated. This investigation was focused on the occurrence of these drugs in surface water, sediment and fish in a watercourse influenced by the local WWTP. For this purpose was an analytical method developed capable to concentrate, separate and detect free and conjugated anti-inflammatory drugs. Eight pharmaceutical drugs were analysed: paracetamol, acetyl salicylic acid, salicylic acid, ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, diclofenac and two metabolites of ibuprofen. Conjugated anti-inflammatory drugs were detected at low concentrations (< 1 % of total) in influent and effluent. In the water and sediment samples were all the analysed drugs detected but at somewhat different pattern than in the sewage water. The anti-inflammatory drugs and paracetamol were not detected in fish collected in the vicinity of the WWTP discharge point. IVL has performed a follow-up study on anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs on commission from the Swedish EPA. In the first project was sewage water and sludge investigated. This investigation was focused on the occurrence of these drugs in surface water, sediment and fish in a watercourse influenced by the local WWTP. For this purpose was an analytical method developed capable to concentrate, separate and detect free and conjugated anti-inflammatory drugs. Eight pharmaceutical drugs were analysed: paracetamol, acetyl salicylic acid, salicylic acid, ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, diclofenac and two metabolites of ibuprofen. Conjugated anti-inflammatory drugs were detected at low concentrations (< 1 % of total) in influent and effluent. In the water and sediment samples were all the analysed drugs detected but at somewhat different pattern than in the sewage water. The anti-inflammatory drugs and paracetamol were not detected in fish collected in the vicinity of the WWTP discharge point.

Amines are important chemicals that are being used in a vast number of chemical processes. As an assignment from the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, a screening study of a selected number of amines has been performed. The overall objective of the screening was to determine the concentrations of amines in a variety of media in the Swedish environment. Amines are important chemicals that are being used in a vast number of chemical processes. As an assignment from the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, a screening study of a selected number of amines has been performed. The overall objective of the screening was to determine the concentrations of amines in a variety of media in the Swedish environment.

IVL har på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket genomfört en screening av sötningsmedlet sukralos. Sukralos är en disackarid, som modifierats i tre positioner med klor. Ämnet är ca 600 gånger sötare än sackaros och används efter tillstånd i USA och Europaunionen, m.fl. länder som tillsats i livsmedel. Ämnet är lättlösligt i vatten och vid intag utsöndras minst 95 % i oförändrad form. Ingen ackumulering i organismen är känd och nedbrytning eller omvandling har endast påvisats i vattenmiljö under inverkan av mikroorganismer. Tre primära klorinnehållande omvandlingspordukter har påvisats. De studier i djurförsök som legat till grund för tillståndsgivningen har visat mycket små effekter. Det huvudsakliga syftet med denna översiktliga kartläggning var att bestämma koncentrationer av sukralos i några olika matriser i miljön, framförallt för att belysa viktiga transportvägar i vattenmiljön i Sverige. Totalt bestämdes sukralos i 57 prover. Studien visar att; • Sucralose detekteras i vattenrecipienter i Sverige som tar emot utgående vatten ifrån reningsverk. • Inkommande vatten till svenska avloppsreningsverk (2 ARV) innehåller 3 500-7 900 ng sukralos/l. • Reningsgraden m a p. sukralos är låg i reningsverk, maximalt uppmättes 10 % reningsgrad i de parade prover som analyserats (inkommande/utgående). • Sukralos detekterades i alla de 29 utgående reningsverksvattenproverna ifrån 25 olika reningsverk i landet; 1 800-10 800 ng/l, median 4 900 ng/l. • Det sker ingen ackumulation av sukralos i slam. Denna rapport utgör den första delen av en fördjupad screening av sukralos i den svenska miljön. I en fortsättande, kommande rapport kommer resultat ifrån undersökningar av sukralosupptag i akvatiska biotaprover att redovisas.

IVL has performed a 'screening study' of sucralose on commission from the Swedish EPA, reported in two consecutive parts. Sucralose is a chlorine containing derivative of sucrose, manufactured by selectively substituting three hydroxyls with chlorine. The substance is used as a sweetener in food products; on a weight basis it tastes ca. 600 times sweeter than the parent compound. The objectives of the study were to determine the concentrations of sucralose in media in the Swedish environment such as biota, wastewater effluents and to highlight important transport pathways. In total 84 samples were analysed. This report constitutes part 2 of the study. IVL has performed a 'screening study' of sucralose on commission from the Swedish EPA, reported in two consecutive parts. Sucralose is a chlorine containing derivative of sucrose, manufactured by selectively substituting three hydroxyls with chlorine. The substance is used as a sweetener in food products; on a weight basis it tastes ca. 600 times sweeter than the parent compound. The objectives of the study were to determine the concentrations of sucralose in media in the Swedish environment such as biota, wastewater effluents and to highlight important transport pathways. In total 84 samples were analysed. This report constitutes part 2 of the study.

The Swedish Environmental Research Institute Ltd. (IVL) and the Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) have performed a "screening study" of silver during 2007 as an assignment from the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. Silver is a precious noble metal long used as jewellery, for ornament and as a coin metal. Silver may appear as solid waste from applications in electronic industry, in batteries, mirror glass etc. However, it is mainly the uses in photographic applications and as antiseptic for medical purposes and in consumer products, that are of environmental concern. While the use in photography will decrease due to the development of digital cameras, the use as antimicrobial agent in consumer products may increase. The overall objective of the screening was to determine the concentrations of silver in some compartments of the Swedish environment, focusing on the release into the aquatic environment. The program included measurements in background areas and close to potential point sources and areas affected by diffuse sources. Sample types included untreated and treated municipal sewage wastewaters, landfill leakage waters, sludge, and surface water samples. In addition, samples of fish muscle were analysed. This report is only available in English.