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Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by gradual loss of cognitive abilities (dementia) and is a major public health problem. Here, we aimed at investigating the effects of Rosa damascena essential oil (RDEO) on learning and memory functions in a rat model of amnesia induced by scopolamine, as well as on changes in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, M 1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) expression, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the extracted brain tissues., Methods: The control, amnesia (scopolamine, 1 mg/kg/i.p.) and treatment (RDEO, 100 μL/kg/p.o. or galantamine, 1.5 mg/kg/i.p.) groups were subjected to Morris water maze and new object recognition tests. AChE activity was assayed by ELISA, and M 1 mAChR and BDNF concentration changes were determined by western blotting. Also, using computational tools, human M 1 mAChR was modeled in an active conformation, and the major components of RDEO were docked onto this receptor., Results: According to our behavioral tests, RDEO was able to mitigate the learning and memory impairments caused by scopolamine in vivo. Our in vitro assays showed that the observed positive effects correlated well with a decrease in AChE activity and an increase in M 1 mAChR and BDNF levels in amnestic rat brains. We also demonstrated in an in silico setting that the major components of RDEO, specifically -citronellol, geraniol, and nerol, could be accommodated favorably within the allosteric binding pocket of active-state human M 1 mAChR and anchored here chiefly by hydrogen-bonding and alkyl-π interactions., Conclusion: Our findings offer a solid experimental foundation for future RDEO-based medicinal product development for patients suffering from AD., (© 2024 The Authors. Brain and Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive deterioration of cognitive functions (dementia) and represents a growing public health concern since the population in the age groups at risk is increasing. The latter raises an urgent need to translate research findings in the basic brain and behavioral sciences into anti-AD drugs and disease-modifying therapies. Origanum onites (L.), also called Turkish oregano, is a perennial and herbaceous plant species grown for centuries for medicinal, cosmetic and culinary purposes. This is the first study to investigate the putative neuroprotective and pro-cognitive activities of O. onites essential oil (OOEO) against scopolamine-induced amnesia of AD-type in Wistar albino rats. The results of behavioral tests revealed that OOEO administration was able to significantly alleviate learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine in vivo. The observed effects could be attributed to inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity, attenuation of oxidative stress and prevention of neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of AD rats. Modulation of pro-inflammatory enzymes, including cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase and myeloperoxidase, might further contribute to the neuroprotective properties of OEOO, as predicted by our in silico models. These findings offer novel insights into the therapeutic potential of OEOO in patients with AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder causing common health problem with increasing age. Evidences show that the key symptoms of AD are mainly caused by cholinergic system dysfunction which has a role in cognitive disorders. Cholinergic pathways especially muscarinic receptors like M 1 subtype also have a major role in learning, memory, cognitive functions and emotional state. There is no available permanent treatment currently to cure AD or to change its progression. This study was designed to investigate the factors that play important role in pathogenesis of AD and to compare the effects of Galantamine treatment with effects of Myrtus communis treatment. The expression level of M 1 , ACh, BDNF; AChE activity, GSH level, MDA and MPO activity and AChE gene expression were investigated in scopolamine-induced rat model. Results showed that, administration of MC significantly improves the SCOP-induced reduction of latency and object recognition time; increasing BDNF, M 1 and ACh receptor expression levels in the different brain regions. Additionally, MC showed an increased in AChE by enhancing GSH activity and reducing MDA level and MPO activity. In conclusion MC considered as a possible novel therapeutic approach that can be a valuable alternative way in the prevention and treatment of AD. Highlights • Myrtus communis treatment ameliorated short and long term memory in SCOP model. • Myrtus communis possibly be helpful for preventing oxidative stress in brain tissue. • Myrtus communis treatment may be used as effective as the Galantamine. • Myrtus communis treatment reduced acetylcholinesterase activity in brain. • Myrtus communis treatment was ideal in recovering the reduced M 1 and BDNF levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The correct number is: MUHDEK approval no: 81.2019.mar. Correction to: A multi-parameter evaluation of the neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing effects of Origanum onites L. (Turkish Oregano) essential oil on scopolamine-induced amnestic rats B Correction to: Metabolic Brain Disease b https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-022-00933-6 The published article has incorrect number of protocol approval in Ethical approval section. [Extracted from the article]