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Uvod: Ena najpogostejših deformacij hrbtenice, s katero se srečujemo, je skolioza. Najlažje jo opišemo, če govorimo o dimenzionalni ukrivljenosti hrbtenice v vseh treh ravninah. Deformacijo glede na določene parametre lahko zdravimo operativno ali konzervativno z uporabo različnih spinalnih ortoz. Ravno elastična TriaC ortoza je tista, ki je v nekaterih primerih najbolj primerna oblika za konzervativno zdravljenje le-te. Njen prvoten cilj je zmanjšanje progresije deformacije in krivine poravnavati v normalen anatomski položaj. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti konstrukcijo elastične korekcijske spinalne ortoze TriaC, njeno učinkovitost pri zdravljenju skolioz skozi čas na podlagi predhodno opravljenih raziskav. Metode dela: Za izdelavo diplomskega dela smo uporabili opisno oziroma deskriptivno metodo zbiranja literature s pomočjo domačih in tujih virov. Izbrano literaturo smo pridobili preko mednarodnih baz podatkov z uporabo ključnih besed. Izbirali smo jo glede na časovni okvir 2008–2018, ker pa je ortoza TriaC bila nekoč bolj uporabljana in raziskovana, smo uporabili tudi starejše klinično pomembne študije. Rezultati: Na temo TriaC ortoze smo našli štiri uporabne članke, katere smo medsebojno primerjali in predstavili. Za boljšo primerjavo smo uporabili drugo različico elastičnih spinalnih ortoz – SpineCor ortozo. Razprava in sklep: TriaC ortoza je ena izmed fleksibilnih dinamičnih ortoz, ki je bila razvita z namenom udobja, kozmetike in možnostjo nadzora med samo uporabo. Njena prepoznavna lastnost je ustvarjanje neprekinjenih korekcijskih sil na hrbtenico v vseh položajih in s tem doseganje korekcije, ki ni le posledica delovanja zunanjih sil, ampak tudi notranjih sil, ki jih ustvarijo mišice. Je edina ortoza, ki se začne graditi od glavne zgornje krivine navzdol. Ortoza je najbolj primerna za korekcijo lumbalnih krivin, manj za torakalne in dvojne krivine. Večji pozitivni učinek kaže na področju kozmetike, prilagodljivosti in udobja v primerjavi z ostalimi rigidnimi ortozami. Introduction: One of the most common spinal deformations we encounter is scoliosis. It is easiest to describe it if we speak on the dimensional curvature of the spine in all three planes. We can treat deformation with regards to certain parameters operatively or conservatively with the use of various spinal orthoses. Especially TriaC brace is the one which is the most appropriate form in some cases to treat the spine conservatively. Its primary goal is to reduce the progression of deformation and to align the curvatures into a normal anatomic position. Purpose: The purpose of the bachelor’s thesis is to present the construction of the elastic correctional spinal orthosis TriaC, its efficiency in the treatment of scolioses through time on the basis of the previously performed research. Methods: In order to produce the bachelor’s thesis, we used the descriptive method of collecting literature by means of domestic and foreign sources. The selected literature was collected through the international databases by the use of keywords. We selected it with regards to the timeframe 2008-2018. Because the TriaC brace was more used and researched in past, however, we also used older clinically relevant studies. Results: We found four useful articles on the topic of the TriaC brace. We compared them and presented them. For a better comparison, we used the second version of the elastic spinal orthoses – the SpineCor orthosis. Discussion and conclusion: TriaC brace is one of the flexible dynamic orthoses which was developed with the purpose of the comfort, cosmetics, and the option of control between the uses. Its recognizable characteristic is creating continuous correctional forces on the spine in all the positions and thus achieving the correction which is not only a consequence of outer forces but also internal forces which are created by muscles. It is the sole orthosis which begins building from the main upper curvature downwards. The orthosis is the most appropriate for the correction of lumbar curvatures. It is less appropriate for thoracic and double curvatures. The larger positive effect is shown in the field of cosmetics, adjustability, and comfort in comparison to other rigid orthoses.

Uvod: Skolioza je strukturna deformacija hrbtenice, pri kateri so značilne tri spremembe: ukrivljenost dela hrbtenice ali cele hrbtenice vstran, torzija ali vrtenje posameznih vretenc in rotacija hrbtenice okoli vzdolžne osi. Rentgensko slikanje skolioze naj vključuje področje od baze lobanje do vrha črevnic, v postero-anteriorni (PA) projekciji, da lahko preprečimo preveliko radiacijo senzitivnih organov. Namen: Namen projektne naloge je primerjava protokolov med radiološkimi oddelki v Sloveniji pri slikanju skolioze. Metode dela: Za pridobitev rezultatov smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo: anketo in pregled literature. Literaturo smo nato primerjali z rezultati ankete in glede na priporočila skušali sestaviti najbolj optimalen protokol za slikanje skolioze. Rezultati: Med rezultati so predstavljeni rezultati ankete, ki smo jo poslali na vse radiološke oddelke slovenskih bolnišnic, kjer slikajo celotno hrbtenico po programu za skoliozo. Rezultati tako prikazujejo različne parametre, s katerimi radiološki inženirji na teh oddelkih slikajo celotno hrbtenico po programu za skoliozo. Razprava: Slikanje celotne hrbtenice se po radioloških oddelkih slovenskih bolnišnic glede na pregledano literaturo najbolj razlikuje pri uporabi projekcij, saj vsi anketirani slikajo preiskovance v antero-posteriorno (AP) projekciji, vendar je glede na literaturo in priporočila slikanje v projekciji PA boljše, saj s tem ščitimo radiosenzibilna tkiva. Anketiranci uporabljajo različne razdalje gorišče‒slikovni sprejemnik, vendar je razdalja odvisna od detektorskega sistema, ki je v uporabi, fokusa rešetke ter velikosti prostora, kje se izvaja diagnostika. Zaključek: Rezultati tokratne raziskave bodo omogočili optimizacijo radiološkega posega – rentgenskega slikanja hrbtenice po programu za slikanje skolioze, s čimer bodo preiskovanci v bodoče pri tej preiskavi prejeli nižjo dozo sevanja. Introduction: Scoliosis is a structural deformation of the spine, characterized by three changes: the curvature of a part of the spine or the entire spine sideways, the torsion or rotation of the individual vertebrae and the rotation of the spine along the longitudinal axis. X-ray imaging of scoliosis should include the area from the base of the skull to the tip of the ilia, in the posterior-anterior (PA) projection, in order to prevent excessive radiation of sensitive organs. Purpose: The purpose of this project is to compare protocols for imaging scoliosis between radiological departments in Slovenia. Methods: The descriptive method, a survey and literature review, was used to obtain the results. We then compared the literature with the results of our survey and according to recommendations we tried to draw up the most optimal protocol for imaging scoliosis. Results: In our results section we show the findings of our survey, which was sent to all the radiological departments in Slovenia, where the whole spine is imaged for scoliosis. The results thus illustrate the various parameters by which the departmental radiology engineers image the spine for scoliosis. Discussion: With regards to our literature review, imaging of the entire spine within radiological departments of Slovenian hospitals differs the most in the use of projections. Their responses indicated that most scoliosis imaging is in the anterior-posterior (AP) projection, whereas the literature and recommendations suggest the PA projection to be a better choice, since the radiosensitive tissues are protected. The respondents use different focal point-to-pixel distances, but the distance depends on the detector system in use, the focus of the grid and the size of the space where the diagnostics are performed. Conclusion: The results of this research will enable the optimization of radiological interventions – X-ray imaging of the spine for scoliosis diagnosis, which will allow the subject to receive a lower dose of radiation in the future.