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Here we describe an ultra-low-cost origami-based approach for large-scale manufacturing of microscopes, specifically demonstrating brightfield, darkfield, and fluorescence microscopes. Merging principles of optical design with origami enables high-volume fabrication of microscopes from 2D media. Flexure mechanisms created via folding enable a flat compact design. Structural loops in folded paper provide kinematic constraints as a means for passive self-alignment. This light, rugged instrument can survive harsh field conditions while providing a diversity of imaging capabilities, thus serving wide-ranging applications for cost-effective, portable microscopes in science and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes an activity that can be used to teach students in an Earth science course about things that they can do to reduce their personal impact on the production of municipal solid waste. The activity involves showing students how paper can be easily recycled. It includes the creation of slurry, the addition of texture and color to paper, and the drying of recycled paper. As per the author's experience, the activity can be effective in encouraging students to engage in recycling at home.