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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) treatment in comparison to those of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists for the prevention of premature luteinizing hormone surges during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (OS) and the impact of these effects on developing embryos and pregnancy outcomes. Data from 757 cycles of GnRH antagonist treatment and 756 cycles of MPA treatment were evaluated at the Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine Assisted Reproductive Treatment Center between October 2018 and April 2022. Patient records were obtained from the electronic database of the centre and analysed. In our centre, GnRH antagonist protocols were used between 2018 and 2020, and MPA protocols were used between 2020 and 2022. We chose our study population by year. Our study is a comparative retrospective study. All methods in this study were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Patients using MPA were significantly older (33.9 ± 5.6 vs. 32.6 ± 5.6, p

Abstract The biaxial compression experiments of rock-like materials with two flaws are carried out under different flaw inclination angle, rock bridge ligament angle, lateral stress. The experimental studies show that crack propagation modes of rock-like material are as follows: wing crack through mode (Y mode), shear crack through mode (J mode), mixed crack through mode (wing shear JY mode), longitudinal extension of crack and transverse shear splitting. prefabricated fractured rock specimens have experienced the closing stage of prefabricated fractures, the elastic deformation stage, the generation and expansion of cracks (or plastic strengthening), and the residual loading stage. The peak strength of the specimen is increases with the increase of flaw inclination angle and lateral stress. With the increase of the rock bridge ligament angle, the failure of the rock bridge region changes from the shear crack failure to composite failure of shear crack and the wing type tensile crack failure, and then to the wing crack failure. With the increase of the lateral pressure, the failure of the specimen changes from the wing type tensile crack failure to the wing type and shear crack failure, and then to shear crack failure. The flaw inclination angle mainly changes the form of crack growth but does not effect on the failure modes. The counting number of acoustic emission events at the center of the sample is relative large, indicating that the cacks appear in the part of the rock bridge firstly. With the increasing of loads, the cracks of the rock bridge expanding constantly and connecting finally. The changes of acoustic emission event counts is consistent with the macroscopic damage form obtained from the experiments.

Abstract To solve the problem of oscillation instability in permanent magnetic synchronous generator (PMSG)-based wind power connected systems during low-voltage ride through (LVRT) process, a parameter adjustment strategy based on interaction energy path optimization is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a modular state-space model of PMSG under fault transient conditions is constructed, and the system is divided into five subsystems. Then, the dynamic energy function of subsystems reflecting the oscillation stability of the system is derived. Based on that, the dynamic energy flow path is described considering the introduction of LVRT control. On this basis, the interaction energy between LVRT control links and subsystems is analyzed, and the coupling mechanism of voltage support and damping characteristics in the LVRT process is explained. Further, aiming at the optimal change rate of the total interaction energy in the LVRT process, the adjustment strategy of LVRT control parameters is constructed to meet voltage and damping requirements. Finally, a PMSG-connected system model is built on the MATLAB/Simulink platform to verify the effectiveness of the adjustment strategy. The results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the damping level under the fault transient condition, as well as supporting system voltage.

Abstract Targeting CD96 that originates in immune cells has shown potential for cancer therapy. However, the role of intrinsic CD96 in solid tumor cells remains unknown. Here, it is found that CD96 is frequently expressed in tumor cells from clinical breast cancer samples and is correlated with poor long‐term prognosis in these patients. The CD96+ cancer cell subpopulations exhibit features of both breast cancer stem cells and chemoresistance. In vivo inhibition of cancer cell‐intrinsic CD96 enhances the chemotherapeutic response in a patient‐derived tumor xenograft model. Mechanistically, CD96 enhances mitochondrial fatty acid β‐oxidation via the CD155‐CD96‐Src‐Stat3‐Opa1 pathway, which subsequently promotes chemoresistance in breast cancer stem cells. A previously unknown role is identified for tumor cell‐intrinsic CD96 and an attractive target in improving the chemotherapeutic response.

Welwitschia mirabilis is a unique plant that only has two leaves, but it can survive in hostile conditions of the African desert. Here, the authors report its chromosome-level genome assembly and discuss how gene function and regulation have given rise to its unique morphology and environmental adaptions.

To understand how spatial representations emerge and evolve across hippocampal subfields, we compared trial-to-trial dynamics of place cells in CA1 and CA3 in new environments and across days. CA1 place fields form early, shift backwards and partially remap across days whereas in CA3 they develop gradually and are more stable, suggesting distinct functional roles in representing space.

Abstract Soil labile organic carbon (LOC) responds rapidly to environmental changes and plays an important role in carbon cycle. In this study, the seasonal fluctuations in LOC, the activities of carbon-cycle related enzymes, and the bacterial and fungal communities were analyzed for soils collected from two forests, namely Betula albosinensis (Ba) and Picea asperata Mast. (Pa), in the Qinling Mountains of China. Results revealed that the seasonal average contents of microbial biomass carbon (MBC), easily oxidized organic carbon (EOC), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of Pa forest soil were 13.5%, 30.0% and 15.7% less than those in Ba soil. The seasonal average enzyme activities of β-1,4-glucosidase (βG), and β-1,4-xylosidase (βX) of Ba forest soils were 30.0% and 32.3% higher than those of Pa soil while the enzyme activity of cellobiohydrolase (CBH) was 19.7% lower. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Acidobacteria was significantly higher in summer than in winter, whereas the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was higher in winter. Regarding the fungal communities, the relative abundance of Basidiomycota was lowest in winter, whereas Ascomycota predominated in the same season. In addition, the soil LOC was significantly positively correlated with the CBH, βG and βX activities. Changes in LOC were significantly correlated with Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Basidiomycota. We conclude that the seasonal fluctuations in forest soil LOC fractions relied on carbon cycle-associated enzymatic activities and microorganisms, which in turn were affected by climatic conditions.

Abstract Carcinoma‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) consist of heterogeneous subpopulations that play a critical role in the dynamics of the tumor microenvironment. The extracellular signals of CAFs have been attributed to the extracellular matrix, cytokines, cell surface checkpoints, and exosomes. In the present study, it is demonstrated that the CD10 transmembrane hydrolase expressed on a subset of CAFs supports tumor stemness and induces chemoresistance. Mechanistically, CD10 degenerates an antitumoral peptide termed osteogenic growth peptide (OGP). OGP restrains the expression of rate‐limiting desaturase SCD1 and inhibits lipid desaturation, which is required for cancer stem cells (CSCs). Targeting CD10 significantly improves the efficacy of chemotherapy in vivo. Clinically, CD10‐OGP signals are associated with the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. The collective data suggest that a nexus between the niche and lipid metabolism in CSCs is a promising therapeutic target for breast cancer.

References are employed in most academic research papers to give credits and to reflect scholarliness. With the upsurge in academic publications in recent decades, we are curious to know how the number of references cited per research article has changed across different disciplines over that time. The results of our study showed significant linear growth in reference density in eight disciplinary categories between 1980 and 2019 indexed in Web of Science. It appears that reference saturation is not yet in sight. Overall, the general increase in the number of publications and the advanced accessibility of the Internet and digitized documents may have promoted the growth in references in certain fields. However, the seemingly runaway tendency should be well appreciated and objectively assessed. We suggest that authors focus on their research itself rather than on political considerations during the process of writing, especially the selection of important references to cite.

Katı atıkların yönetimi, günümüzde gelişmiş toplumların en büyük sorunlarından biri haline gelmiştir. Yeşil bina konseptiyle birlikte atik malzemelerin geri dönüştürülerek yeniden kullanılması önem kazanmıştır. Sürdürülebilir hayatta inşaat yıkıntı atıklarının çevreye verdiği zarar geri kazanılmış agreganın kullanılmasını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, yaşı 7 gün ve sınıfı C30 olan beton atıklarından elde edilen iri ve ince agreganın geri dönüşüm agregası olarak betonda kullanım olanakları araştırılmıştır. Kırma agrega 0-4 ve 4-22.4 boyutlarında iki grup olarak kullanılmıştır. Kırma agrega grupları % 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 ve 100 oranların da ağırlıkça azaltılarak yerine geri dönüşüm agregası ikame edilmiştir. Beton örneklerinin 28 ve 90 günlük basınç dayanımları, 28 günlük elastisite modülleri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen deney sonuçlarına göre; geri dönüşüm agregasının beton üretiminde kullanılabileceği ve sürdürülebilir beton üretimine ışık tutacağı görülmüştür.

Katı atıkların yönetimi, günümüzde gelişmiş toplumların en büyük sorunlarından biri haline gelmiştir. Yeşil bina konseptiyle birlikte atik malzemelerin geri dönüştürülerek yeniden kullanılması önem kazanmıştır. Sürdürülebilir hayatta inşaat yıkıntı atıklarının çevreye verdiği zarar geri kazanılmış agreganın kullanılmasını zorunlu kılmaktadır.Bu çalışmada, yaşı 7 gün ve sınıfı C30 olan beton atıklarından elde edilen iri ve ince agreganın geri dönüşüm agregası olarak betonda kullanım olanakları araştırılmıştır. Kırma agrega 0-4 ve 4-22.4 boyutlarında iki grup olarak kullanılmıştır. Kırma agrega grupları % 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 ve 100 oranların da ağırlıkça azaltılarak yerine geri dönüşüm agregası ikame edilmiştir. Beton örneklerinin 28 ve 90 günlük basınç dayanımları, 28 günlük elastisite modülleri belirlenmiştir.Elde edilen deney sonuçlarına göre; geri dönüşüm agregasının beton üretiminde kullanılabileceği ve sürdürülebilir beton üretimine ışık tutacağı görülmüştür.Anahtar Kelimeler: Yeşil bina, Sürdürülebilir beton, Atık beton, Geri dönüşüm agregası, Basınç dayanımı

Katı atıkların yönetimi, günümüzde gelişmiş toplumların en büyük sorunlarından biri haline gelmiştir. Yeşil bina konseptiyle birlikte atik malzemelerin geri dönüştürülerek yeniden kullanılması önem kazanmıştır. Sürdürülebilir hayatta inşaat yıkıntı atıklarının çevreye verdiği zarar geri kazanılmış agreganın kullanılmasını zorunlu kılmaktadır.Bu çalışmada, yaşı 7 gün ve sınıfı C30 olan beton atıklarından elde edilen iri ve ince agreganın geri dönüşüm agregası olarak betonda kullanım olanakları araştırılmıştır. Kırma agrega 0-4 ve 4-22.4 boyutlarında iki grup olarak kullanılmıştır. Kırma agrega grupları % 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 ve 100 oranların da ağırlıkça azaltılarak yerine geri dönüşüm agregası ikame edilmiştir. Beton örneklerinin 28 ve 90 günlük basınç dayanımları, 28 günlük elastisite modülleri belirlenmiştir.Elde edilen deney sonuçlarına göre; geri dönüşüm agregasının beton üretiminde kullanılabileceği ve sürdürülebilir beton üretimine ışık tutacağı görülmüştür.Anahtar Kelimeler: Yeşil bina, Sürdürülebilir beton, Atık beton, Geri dönüşüm agregası, Basınç dayanımı

Katı atıkların yönetimi, günümüzde gelişmiş toplumların en büyük sorunlarından biri haline gelmiştir. Yeşil bina konseptiyle birlikte atik malzemelerin geri dönüştürülerek yeniden kullanılması önem kazanmıştır. Sürdürülebilir hayatta inşaat yıkıntı atıklarının çevreye verdiği zarar geri kazanılmış agreganın kullanılmasını zorunlu kılmaktadır.Bu çalışmada, yaşı 7 gün ve sınıfı C30 olan beton atıklarından elde edilen iri ve ince agreganın geri dönüşüm agregası olarak betonda kullanım olanakları araştırılmıştır. Kırma agrega 0-4 ve 4-22.4 boyutlarında iki grup olarak kullanılmıştır. Kırma agrega grupları % 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 ve 100 oranların da ağırlıkça azaltılarak yerine geri dönüşüm agregası ikame edilmiştir. Beton örneklerinin 28 ve 90 günlük basınç dayanımları, 28 günlük elastisite modülleri belirlenmiştir.Elde edilen deney sonuçlarına göre; geri dönüşüm agregasının beton üretiminde kullanılabileceği ve sürdürülebilir beton üretimine ışık tutacağı görülmüştür.Anahtar Kelimeler: Yeşil bina, Sürdürülebilir beton, Atık beton, Geri dönüşüm agregası, Basınç dayanımı

The rabies virus (RABV) glycoprotein (G) is the principal antigen responsible for the induction of virus neutralizing antibodies (VNA) and is the major modality of protective immunity in animals. A recombinant RABV HEP-Flury strain was generated by reverse genetics to encode two copies of the G-gene (referred to as HEP-dG). The biological properties of HEP-dG were compared to those of the parental virus (HEP-Flury strain). The HEP-dG recombinant virus grew 100 times more efficiently in BHK-21 cell than the parental virus, yet the virulence of the dG recombinant virus in suckling mice was lower than the parental virus. The HEP-dG virus can improve the expression of G-gene mRNA and the G protein and produce more offspring viruses in cells. The amount of G protein revealed a positive relationship with immunogenicity in mice and dogs. The inactivated HEP-dG recombinant virus induced higher levels of VNA and conferred better protection against virulent RABV in mice and dogs than the inactivated parental virus and a commercial vaccine. The protective antibody persisted for at least 12 months. These data demonstrate that the HEP-dG is stable, induces a strong VNA response and confers protective immunity more effectively than the RABV HEP-Flury strain. HEP-dG could be a potential candidate in the development of novel inactivated rabies vaccines.

This study developed an approach for remote estimation of Vegetation Fraction (VF) and Flower Fraction (FF) in oilseed rape, which is a crop species with conspicuous flowers during reproduction. Canopy reflectance in green, red, red edge and NIR bands was obtained by a camera system mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) when oilseed rape was in the vegetative growth and flowering stage. The relationship of several widely-used Vegetation Indices (VI) vs. VF was tested and found to be different in different phenology stages. At the same VF when oilseed rape was flowering, canopy reflectance increased in all bands, and the tested VI decreased. Therefore, two algorithms to estimate VF were calibrated respectively, one for samples during vegetative growth and the other for samples during flowering stage. The results showed that the Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index (VARIgreen) worked most accurately for estimating VF in flower-free samples with an Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 3.56%, while the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI2) was the best in flower-containing samples with an RMSE of 5.65%. Based on reflectance in green and NIR bands, a technique was developed to identify whether a sample contained flowers and then to choose automatically the appropriate algorithm for its VF estimation. During the flowering season, we also explored the potential of using canopy reflectance or VIs to estimate FF in oilseed rape. No significant correlation was observed between VI and FF when soil was visible in the sensor’s field of view. Reflectance at 550 nm worked well for FF estimation with coefficient of determination (R2) above 0.6. Our model was validated in oilseed rape planted under different nitrogen fertilization applications and in different phenology stages. The results showed that it was able to predict VF and FF accurately in oilseed rape with RMSE below 6%.