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Chicago has put in place a number of interwoven structures supporting young people during out-of-school hours, emphasizing alignment between community-based organizations and public entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article develops a comprehensive approach to meeting the needs of urban low-income, multicultural communities. Many urban neighborhoods are in trouble, as are the youths and families who reside in them. Most vulnerable are neighborhoods affected by high levels of poverty and racial segregation. Changes in employment patterns such as the decline in manufacturing jobs, increasing sub-urbanization, globalization of jobs, and racial discrimination in hiring have undermined already frail economies. The result has been the unraveling of social ties and community life. Community development can help overcome disorganization and fragmentation of services and funding sources. The approach suggested in this article starts with a comprehensive, generalist process that builds networks and communication at the neighborhood level rather than focusing on individual client treatment. Greater balance between prevention development and remediation is called for in class and field education. Primary prevention and promoting resiliency and increasing the competence of youths are typically accomplished through community efforts that are sensitive to normal developmental needs.