1. Identifying gene-environment interactions in schizophrenia: contemporary challenges for integrated, large-scale investigations.
- Author
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van Os J, Rutten BP, Myin-Germeys I, Delespaul P, Viechtbauer W, van Zelst C, Bruggeman R, Reininghaus U, Morgan C, Murray RM, Di Forti M, McGuire P, Valmaggia LR, Kempton MJ, Gayer-Anderson C, Hubbard K, Beards S, Stilo SA, Onyejiaka A, Bourque F, Modinos G, Tognin S, Calem M, O'Donovan MC, Owen MJ, Holmans P, Williams N, Craddock N, Richards A, Humphreys I, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Leweke FM, Tost H, Akdeniz C, Rohleder C, Bumb JM, Schwarz E, Alptekin K, Üçok A, Saka MC, Atbaşoğlu EC, Gülöksüz S, Gumus-Akay G, Cihan B, Karadağ H, Soygür H, Cankurtaran EŞ, Ulusoy S, Akdede B, Binbay T, Ayer A, Noyan H, Karadayı G, Akturan E, Ulaş H, Arango C, Parellada M, Bernardo M, Sanjuán J, Bobes J, Arrojo M, Santos JL, Cuadrado P, Rodríguez Solano JJ, Carracedo A, García Bernardo E, Roldán L, López G, Cabrera B, Cruz S, Díaz Mesa EM, Pouso M, Jiménez E, Sánchez T, Rapado M, González E, Martínez C, Sánchez E, Olmeda MS, de Haan L, Velthorst E, van der Gaag M, Selten JP, van Dam D, van der Ven E, van der Meer F, Messchaert E, Kraan T, Burger N, Leboyer M, Szoke A, Schürhoff F, Llorca PM, Jamain S, Tortelli A, Frijda F, Vilain J, Galliot AM, Baudin G, Ferchiou A, Richard JR, Bulzacka E, Charpeaud T, Tronche AM, De Hert M, van Winkel R, Decoster J, Derom C, Thiery E, Stefanis NC, Sachs G, Aschauer H, Lasser I, Winklbaur B, Schlögelhofer M, Riecher-Rössler A, Borgwardt S, Walter A, Harrisberger F, Smieskova R, Rapp C, Ittig S, Soguel-dit-Piquard F, Studerus E, Klosterkötter J, Ruhrmann S, Paruch J, Julkowski D, Hilboll D, Sham PC, Cherny SS, Chen EY, Campbell DD, Li M, Romeo-Casabona CM, Emaldi Cirión A, Urruela Mora A, Jones P, Kirkbride J, Cannon M, Rujescu D, Tarricone I, Berardi D, Bonora E, Seri M, Marcacci T, Chiri L, Chierzi F, Storbini V, Braca M, Minenna MG, Donegani I, Fioritti A, La Barbera D, La Cascia CE, Mulè A, Sideli L, Sartorio R, Ferraro L, Tripoli G, Seminerio F, Marinaro AM, McGorry P, Nelson B, Amminger GP, Pantelis C, Menezes PR, Del-Ben CM, Gallo Tenan SH, Shuhama R, Ruggeri M, Tosato S, Lasalvia A, Bonetto C, Ira E, Nordentoft M, Krebs MO, Barrantes-Vidal N, Cristóbal P, Kwapil TR, Brietzke E, Bressan RA, Gadelha A, Maric NP, Andric S, Mihaljevic M, and Mirjanic T
- Subjects
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Schizophrenia epidemiology, Social Environment, Gene-Environment Interaction, Schizophrenia genetics, Schizophrenic Psychology
- Abstract
Recent years have seen considerable progress in epidemiological and molecular genetic research into environmental and genetic factors in schizophrenia, but methodological uncertainties remain with regard to validating environmental exposures, and the population risk conferred by individual molecular genetic variants is small. There are now also a limited number of studies that have investigated molecular genetic candidate gene-environment interactions (G × E), however, so far, thorough replication of findings is rare and G × E research still faces several conceptual and methodological challenges. In this article, we aim to review these recent developments and illustrate how integrated, large-scale investigations may overcome contemporary challenges in G × E research, drawing on the example of a large, international, multi-center study into the identification and translational application of G × E in schizophrenia. While such investigations are now well underway, new challenges emerge for G × E research from late-breaking evidence that genetic variation and environmental exposures are, to a significant degree, shared across a range of psychiatric disorders, with potential overlap in phenotype., (© The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2014
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