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The effect of iron oxide content on the crystallisation of a diopside glass–ceramic glaze was investigated using a glass–ceramic frit in the K2O–ZnO–MgO–CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 system and a granite waste glass. Measurements by X-ray diffraction (XRD) combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and EDX microanalysis showed that the distribution of Fe3+ ions among different crystalline phases such as franklinite (ZnFe2O4) and hematite Fe2O3 depends on the iron content in the original diopside mixture. Thus, the original glaze crystallises to franklinite or hematatite when iron content is greater than 2 and 15%, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Mullite precursors were prepared using kaolin waste, sericite clay containing kaolinite and industrial kaolin with addition of alumina in a wet medium to synthesize mullite (72 wt% Al 2 O 3 and 28 wt% SiO 2 ). Uniaxial pressed bars of the powdered mullite precursors were fired in the range 1400–1600 °C with soaking times 30–120 min. The resultant materials were studied by XRD and SEM-EDX. Bulk densities, apparent porosities and flexural strengths in four points were determined in the fired bars at 1500, 1550 and 1600 °C. It was concluded that the thermal behaviour of these mullite precursors was influenced by the presence of impurities in the raw materials. These impurities originate a liquid phase forming a glassy phase which produces a progressive and enhanced densification of the mullite materials by reaction sintering at 1500–1600 °C. The technical properties were also influenced by the relative proportion of vitreous phase. The microstructure of characteristic mullite crystals was revealed by SEM. It was emphasized the use of kaolin waste by-products of mining and sericite clays as valuable raw materials for mullite preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The effect of the heating temperature on the properties of sintered ceramic bodies from three different contaminated marine sediments was investigated. The sintering behaviour was evaluated by means of the variation of shrinkage degree, bulk density, water absorption, open and closed porosity, while the phases transformation were investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results have shown that the sintering process follows a viscous liquid phase mechanism due to the formation of a glassy phase. The optimum sintering temperature is 1125°C for Astilleros and Cuchia sediments and 1150°C for Raos sample. Above this temperature, a significant overfiring with an increase of closed porosity was observed. Water absorption values and mechanical properties as bending and compressive strengths of sintered bodies show that the investigated marine sediments are suitable to be used as secondary raw materials in ceramic tiles and bricks production. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]