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Information on the type of OPT that attacks plantation commodities in Buton Regency is incomplete, even though the data can be the basis for mitigating attacks and controls if the plants have been attacked. For this reason, research was conducted to identify the type and distribution of pests in plantation crops, especially in cocoa, cloves, cashew, pepper, and coconut commodities. They analyzed the damage caused by OPT in plantation crops, especially in cocoa, cloves, cashews, pepper, and coconut commodities, and determined alternative solutions for control and prevention. Observations were made in several villages in several sub-districts in Buton Regency. Direct observations were made on the specified land, and interviews with farmers and various related parties were conducted. To get OPT-type data and damage levels. OPT that attacks cashew consists of two types of pests and one disease. The level of damage OPT in the categorized category of guava plants. The level of damage to the pest on the categorized cashew was low. In coconut commodities, found OPT from three types of pest groups, namely Orycter Rhynocheros, Aspidiotus Destructors, and Pestalotia sp. The level of attack of the three pests was categorized as low. Cocoa was the commodity mainly attacked by OPT, consisting of 4 types of pests and four types of diseases. Fruit rot (Phytophthora palmivora) and stem cancer (Phytophthora palmivora) had a heavy attack rate in all cocoa-producing districts in Buton Regency.

Both oil palm plantations boerdering forests and oil palm plantations bordering rubber plantations were studied using purposive random sampling with pit fall traps, sweep nets and yellow pan traps. Species biodiversity was analyzed using the Shanon-Wienner index and the Simpson index. The dominant species was determined using the Important Value Index. This study found 1,683 individuals, 7 orders and 18 families of predatory and parasitoid insects. The Shanon-Wienner diversity index was 2.78 for oil palm plantations adjacent to forest and 2.62 for oil palm plantations adjacent to rubber plantations. While the Simpson diversity index was 1.00 for oil palm plantations adjacent to forest and 0.94 for oil palm plantations adjacent to rubber plantations. The Order Hymenoptera Family Formicidae had the highest Important Value Index (0.58 for oil palm plantations bordering forest and 0.62 for oil palm plantations adjacent to rubber plantations).

Organic matter has a very important role in determining the level of soil fertility, especially in marginal soils such as Oxisol which is widespread in Indonesia. Organic matter that is commonly used requires large amounts and has the ability to react relatively slowly in the soil. Therefore, it is necessary to make efforts to obtain organic material that reacts quickly in the soil, such as humic material extracted from lignite. In this study, cocoa (Theobroma cacao) was used as an indicator plant. Cocoa is one of the plantation commodities that has a fairly important role in the national economy, especially as foreign exchange for the country and has a relatively stable price. This research was conducted in the form of a pot experiment using a 2 x 4 x 4 factorial design with 3 replications in a divided plot design, so that 32 treatments and 96 experimental units were obtained. From the research results obtained data that the addition of humic materials and compost up to a dose of 4% C-organic combined with artificial fertilizers can increase the availability of nutrients for cocoa seedlings in Oxisol. The best dose of each treatment was the addition of humic material at a dose of 4% C-organic combined with artificial fertilizer 50% of the recommendation and the addition of compost at a dose of 4% C-organic combined with artificial fertilizer 50% of the recommendation. The addition of organic matter can reduce the use of artificial fertilizers up to 50% of the recommendation. The addition of humic materials from unproductive coal can increase the availability of nutrients in Oxisol. Unproductive coal has the potential to increase Oxisol soil fertility.

Cameroon and Angola, accession palms oil, were two plants with different flower architectures such as bunch size, bunch length, number of spikelets and flowers, and volatile compounds produced. The difference in flower characteristics was thought to affect the presence of flower-visiting insects in the two palm oil accessions. The study aimed to determine the insects that visit Cameroon and Angola palm oil flower accessions. Insects that visit flowers were collected directly, using yellow pan traps, swing nets, and aspirators. Collected flower-visiting insects were identified as species. Diversity and evenness were calculated using the Shannon diversity index and the Simpsons’ evenness. The total number of flower-visiting insects collected was 2039 individuals. In the Angola accession, 150 individuals were found consisting of 5 orders, 10 families, and 14 species. Insects that visited Cameroon’s accession of palm oil flowers were 1889 individuals consisting of 8 orders, 16 families, and 22 species. Angola accessions’ diversity and evenness index were higher than Cameroon’s, namely 1.50; 1.14 and 1.14; 0.52. Flower-visiting insects that act as pollinators were Elaeidobius kamerunicus, Pyroderces Sp, and Thrips hawaiiensis.

Benih kakao termasuk benih rekalsitran yang memiliki beberapa kendala seperti kadar air yang tinggi, tidak tahan desikasi dan suhu rendah, serta mudah terserang jamur sehingga menyebabkan benih tidak dapat disimpan dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Pada kondisi kadar air benih yang tinggi, perombakan cadangan makanan terjadi pada benih melalui proses respirasi benih juga tinggi yang menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan mutu benih akibatnya viabilitas dan vigor benih juga menurun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelapisan benih kakao dengan gel lidah buaya terhadap viabilitas dan vigor benih, dan mendapatkan konsentrasi gel lidah buaya yang mampu mempertahankan vigor dan viabilitas benih kakao selama penyimpanan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret hingga Mei 2019 di Laboratorium Kampus III Universitas Andalas, Dharmasraya. Penelitian ini disusuan dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan beberapa konsentrasi gel lidah buaya yakni 0%, 25%, 50%, dan 75%. Setiap perlakuan tersebut diulang sebanyak 3 ulangan. Berdasarkan penelitian yang sudah dilakukan diketahui bahwa pelapisan benih dengan gel lidah buaya tidak berpengaruh terhadap viabilitas dan vigor benih kakao.

The diversity of predatory insects was studied in recent and old lands in Dharmasraya from April to July 2017. The objective was to study the diversity of predatory insects between recent and old plantations of oil palm. The sampling locations were Pulau Punjung, Timpeh and Koto Besar Districts. The method used in the study was Purposive Random Sampling. Insects were collected using the insect net and chemical knockdown. Identification was carried out at the Laboratory of Insect Bioecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University. Diversity and evenness of predatory insects in several oil palm plantations in Dharmasraya Regency was classified as medium, namely (H '

Kelapa sawit adalah salah satu komoditas pertanian yang mempunyai peran penting dalam subsektor perkebunan di Indonesia. Tanaman kelapa sawit dapat diserang oleh berbagai hama dimulai dari pembibitan hingga tanaman yang telah dibudidayakan di lapangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mempelajari hama utama pada perkebunan kelapa sawit rakyat di Kecamatan Sembilan Koto Kabupaten Dharmasraya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Nagari Koto IV Nan Dibawah, Silago dan Banai selama 3 bulan yaitu dari bulan September sampai November 2018. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode Porposive Random Sampling di kebun kelapa sawit rakyat umur 2-5 tahun dengan luas areal ± 1 ha. Pengambilan serangga dilakukan dengan koleksi secara langsung. Pengamatan hama dilakukan satu kali dua minggu. Serangga yang didapat dipisahkan berdasarkan fungsionalnnya. Serangga yang tergolong hama diidentifikasi dilaboratorium Bioekologi Serangga Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas dan Laboratorium Tanah dan Tanaman Kampus III Unand Dharmasraya. Serangga hama yang ditemukan pada penelitian sebanyak 20 spesies, 9 famili dan 4 ordo. Hama paling banyak ditemukan adalah Bothrogonia ferugenia. Persentase serangan tertinggi terdapat di Nagari Silago dengan kerusakan serangan sebesar 88,33%, dan Intensitas kerusakan hama yaitu 9,60 %.

Biology and demographic statistics of lady beetle Coccinella transversalis Thunberg (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) using Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) as prey was studied in laboratory. Development of C. transversalis from egg to adult was 31.02±4.73 days. The egg stage lasted for 2.33±0.58 days. Larva stage has four instars, which lasted for 2.43±0.19 days (instar I); 2.53 days±0.19 (instar II); 2.64±0.04 days (instar III), and 2.77±0.21 days (instar IV). A female laid 90.44±14.38 eggs. Meanwhile, gross reproduction rate (GRR) of C. transversalis was 74.80 individuals per generation, the net reproduction rate (R0) was 18.22 individual per female per generation, the innate capacity for increase (rm) was 0.46 individual female per day, the mean generation time (T) 12.40 days, and the double population value (DT) was 1.51 days. Intisari Masa perkembangan pradewasa dan imago serta keperidian Coccinella transversalis (Thunberg) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) telah diteliti di laboratorium dengan menggunakan Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Homoptera: Aphididae) sebagai mangsa. Masa perkembangan C. transversalis sejak stadium telur hingga menjadi imago adalah 31,02±4,73 hari. Perkembangan larva terdiri dari empat instar, masa perkembangan instar I sampai IV berturut-turut adalah 2,43±0,19 hari; 2,53±0,19 hari; 2,64±0,04 hari, dan 2,77±0,21 hari, dengan masa pupa 3,18±0,77 hari. Umur imago betina C. transversalis lebih panjang jika dibandingkan dengan imago jantan yakni 15,14±1,90 dan 13,63±1,00 hari. Imago betina meletakkan telur setelah melewati masa pra oviposisi selama 2,67±0,58 hari. Masa oviposisi C. transversalis yakni 8,97±0,89 hari dengan jumlah telur yang diletakkan yakni 90,44±14,38 butir. Parameter demografi C. transversalis adalah laju reproduksi kotor (GRR) adalah 74,80 individu per generasi; laju reproduksi bersih (Ro) 18,22 individu per induk per generasi; laju pertumbuhan intrinsik (rm) sebesar 0,46 individu per induk per hari; masa rata-rata generasi (T) selama 12,40 hari; dan nilai pelipatgandaan populasi (DT) adalah 1,51 hari.