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Background: There is debate on the necessity of booster doses of COVID-19 vaccination, especially in countries with limited resources. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a referral laboratory in Tehran, Iran. The level of COVID-19 antibodies was measured and compared between individuals regarding the number of COVID-19 vaccine shots. Results: In this study, 176 individuals with a mean age of 36.3 (±11.7) years participated. A total of 112 individuals received two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine, and 64 individuals received three doses. Level of all antibodies was higher in those who received three doses than in those who received two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Considering the SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgG, the difference was not statistically significant but for the SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG and SARS-CoV-2 NAB the difference was statistically significant. Regarding to the background variables, receiving influenza vaccine in the past year, history of autoimmune diseases and past medical history of chicken pox showed a significant association with the number of vaccine doses received. Their effects on the outcome variables assessed with multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: The results of our study show that a booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine enhances the antibody response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is debate on the necessity of booster doses of COVID-19 vaccination, especially in countries with limited resources. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a referral laboratory in Tehran, Iran. The level of COVID-19 antibodies was measured and compared between individuals regarding the number of COVID-19 vaccine shots. Results: In this study, 176 individuals with a mean age of 36.3 (±11.7) years participated. A total of 112 individuals received two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine, and 64 individuals received three doses. Level of all antibodies was higher in those who received three doses than in those who received two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Considering the SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgG, the difference was not statistically significant but for the SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG and SARS-CoV-2 NAB the difference was statistically significant. Regarding to the background variables, receiving influenza vaccine in the past year, history of autoimmune diseases and past medical history of chicken pox showed a significant association with the number of vaccine doses received. Their effects on the outcome variables assessed with multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: The results of our study show that a booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine enhances the antibody response.

The 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1) causes more severe disease than SARS-CoV-2, which is responsible for COVID-19. However, our understanding of antibody response to SARS-CoV-1 infection remains incomplete. Herein, we studied the antibody responses in 25 SARS-CoV-1 convalescent patients. Plasma neutralization was higher and lasted longer in SARS-CoV-1 patients than in severe SARS-CoV-2 patients. Among 77 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) isolated, 60 targeted the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and formed 7 groups (RBD-1 to RBD-7) based on their distinct binding and structural profiles. Notably, RBD-7 antibodies bound to a unique RBD region interfaced with the N-terminal domain of the neighboring protomer (NTD proximal) and were more prevalent in SARS-CoV-1 patients. Broadly neutralizing antibodies for SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and bat and pangolin coronaviruses were also identified. These results provide further insights into the antibody response to SARS-CoV-1 and inform the design of more effective strategies against diverse human and animal coronaviruses. [Display omitted] • Plasma neutralization is higher and lasts longer in SARS-1 than in SARS-2 patients • RBD mAbs form seven groups (RBD-1 to RBD-7) based on binding and structural profiles • RBD-7 antibodies bind to a unique RBD region interfaced with the neighboring protomer • Few antibodies can broadly neutralize SARS-1, SARS-2, and bat and pangolin coronaviruses Our understanding of antibody response to SARS-1 infection remains incomplete. Wang et al. found that plasma neutralization is higher and lasts longer in SARS-1 than in SARS-2 patients. Of the 77 mAbs isolated, 60 are RBD-specific and form seven groups (RBD-1 to RBD-7) based on their binding, neutralizing, and structural properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]