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5 results on '"Efren, Sandoval"'

1. A Method for Variant Agnostic Detection of SARS-CoV-2, Rapid Monitoring of Circulating Variants, and Early Detection of Emergent Variants Such as Omicron

Author

Eric Lai, Emily B. Kennedy, Jean Lozach, Kathleen Hayashibara, Jeremy Davis-Turak, David Becker, Pius Brzoska, Tyler Cassens, Evan Diamond, Manoj Gandhi, Alexander L. Greninger, Pooneh Hajian, Nicole A. Leonetti, Jason M. Nguyen, K. M. Clair O’Donovan, Troy Peck, Jimmy M. Ramirez, Pavitra Roychoudhury, Efren Sandoval, Cassandra Wesselman, Timothy Wesselman, Simon White, Stephen Williams, David Wong, Yufei Yu, and Richard S. Creager

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Humans, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

The rapid emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants raised public health questions concerning the capability of diagnostic tests to detect new strains, the efficacy of vaccines, and how to map the geographical distribution of variants to understand transmission patterns and loads on healthcare resources. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is the primary method for detecting and tracing new variants, but it is expensive, and it can take weeks before sequence data are available in public repositories. This article describes a customizable reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR)-based genotyping approach which is significantly less expensive, accelerates reporting, and can be implemented in any lab that performs RT-PCR. Specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and indels were identified which had high positive-percent agreement (PPA) and negative-percent agreement (NPA) compared to NGS for the major genotypes that circulated through September 11, 2021. Using a 48-marker panel, testing on 1,031 retrospective SARS-CoV-2 positive samples yielded a PPA and NPA ranging from 96.3 to 100% and 99.2 to 100%, respectively, for the top 10 most prevalent World Health Organization (WHO) lineages during that time. The effect of reducing the quantity of panel markers was explored, and a 16-marker panel was determined to be nearly as effective as the 48-marker panel at lineage assignment. Responding to the emergence of Omicron, a genotyping panel was developed which distinguishes Delta and Omicron using four highly specific SNPs. The results demonstrate the utility of the condensed panel to rapidly track the growing prevalence of Omicron across the US in December 2021 and January 2022.

Published
2022
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2. Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron co-infections and recombination

Author

Alexandre Bolze, Tracy Basler, Simon White, Andrew Dei Rossi, Dana Wyman, Hang Dai, Pavitra Roychoudhury, Alexander L. Greninger, Kathleen Hayashibara, Mark Beatty, Seema Shah, Sarah Stous, John T. McCrone, Eric Kil, Tyler Cassens, Kevin Tsan, Jason Nguyen, Jimmy Ramirez, Scotty Carter, Elizabeth T. Cirulli, Kelly Schiabor Barrett, Nicole L. Washington, Pedro Belda-Ferre, Sharoni Jacobs, Efren Sandoval, David Becker, James T. Lu, Magnus Isaksson, William Lee, and Shishi Luo

Subjects
Coinfection, SARS-CoV-2, Humans, COVID-19, General Medicine, Genome, Viral, Orthopoxvirus
Abstract

Between November 2021 and February 2022, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta and Omicron variants co-circulated in the United States, allowing for co-infections and possible recombination events.We sequenced 29,719 positive samples during this period and analyzed the presence and fraction of reads supporting mutations specific to either the Delta or Omicron variant.We identified 18 co-infections, one of which displayed evidence of a low Delta-Omicron recombinant viral population. We also identified two independent cases of infection by a Delta-Omicron recombinant virus, where 100% of the viral RNA came from one clonal recombinant. In the three cases, the 5' end of the viral genome was from the Delta genome and the 3' end from Omicron, including the majority of the spike protein gene, though the breakpoints were different.Delta-Omicron recombinant viruses were rare, and there is currently no evidence that Delta-Omicron recombinant viruses are more transmissible between hosts compared with the circulating Omicron lineages.This research was supported by the NIH RADx initiative and by the Centers for Disease Control Contract 75D30121C12730 (Helix).

Published
2022

3. Exome-wide association study to identify rare variants influencing COVID-19 outcomes: Results from the Host Genetics Initiative

Author

Guillaume, Butler-Laporte, Gundula, Povysil, Kosmicki, Jack A., Cirulli, Elizabeth T., Theodore, Drivas, Furini, Simone, Chadi, Saad, Axel, Schmidt, Pawel, Olszewski, Urszula, Korotko, Mathieu, Quinodoz, Elifnaz, Çelik, Kousik, Kundu, Klaudia, Walter, Junghyun, Jung, Stockwell, Amy D., Sloofman, Laura G., Jordan, Daniel M., Thompson, Ryan C., Diane Del Valle, Nicole, Simons, Esther, Cheng, Robert, Sebra, Schadt, Eric E., Seunghee, Kim-Schulze, Sacha, Gnjatic, Miriam, Merad, Buxbaum, Joseph D., Beckmann, Noam D., Charney, Alexander W., Bartlomiej, Przychodzen, Timothy, Chang, Pottinger, Tess D., Ning, Shang, Fabian, Brand, Fava, Francesca, Mari, Francesca, Karolina, Chwialkowska, Magdalena, Niemira, Szymon, Pula, J Kenneth Baillie, Alex, Stuckey, Antonio, Salas, Xabier, Bello, Jacobo, Pardo-Seco, Alberto, Gómez-Carballa, Irene, Rivero-Calle, Federico, Martinón-Torres, Andrea, Ganna, Karczewski, Konrad J., Kumar, Veerapen, Mathieu, Bourgey, Guillaume, Bourque, Robert JM Eveleigh, Vincenzo, Forgetta, David, Morrison, David, Langlais, Mark, Lathrop, Vincent, Mooser, Tomoko, Nakanishi, Robert, Frithiof, Michael, Hultström, Miklos, Lipcsey, Yanara, Marincevic-Zuniga, Jessica, Nordlund, Schiabor Barrett, Kelly M., William, Lee, Alexandre, Bolze, Simon, White, Stephen, Riffle, Francisco, Tanudjaja, Efren, Sandoval, Iva, Neveux, Shaun, Dabe, Nicolas, Casadei, Susanne, Motameny, Manal, Alaamery, Salam, Massadeh, Nora, Aljawini, Almutairi, Mansour S., Arabi, Yaseen M., Alqahtani, Saleh A., Al Harthi, Fawz S., Amal, Almutairi, Fatima, Alqubaishi, Sarah, Alotaibi, Albandari, Binowayn, Alsolm, Ebtehal A., Hadeel El Bardisy, Mohammad, Fawzy, Fang, Cai, Nicole, Soranzo, Adam, Butterworth, COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative, DeCOI Host Genetics Group, GEN-COVID Multicenter Study (Italy), Daga, Sergio, Meloni, Ilaria, Mount Sinai Clinical Intelligence Center, GEN-COVID consortium (Spain), Genomicc, Consortium, Japan COVID-19 Task Force, Regeneron Genetics Center, Geschwind, Daniel H., Stephanie, Arteaga, Alexis, Stephens, Butte, Manish J., Boutros, Paul C., Yamaguchi, Takafumi N., Shu, Tao, Stefan, Eng, Timothy, Sanders, Tung, Paul J., Broudy, Michael E., Pan, Yu, Alfredo, Gonzalez, Nikhil, Chavan, Ruth, Johnson, Bogdan, Pasaniuc, Brian, Yaspan, Sandra, Smieszek, Carlo, Rivolta, Stephanie, Bibert, Pierre-Yves, Bochud, Maciej, Dabrowski, Pawel, Zawadzki, Mateusz, Sypniewski, Elżbieta, Kaja, Pajaree, Chariyavilaskul, Voraphoj, Nilaratanakul, Nattiya, Hirankarn, Vorasuk, Shotelersuk, Monnat, Pongpanich, Chureerat, Phokaew, Wanna, Chetruengchai, Katsushi, Tokunaga, Masaya, Sugiyama, Yosuke, Kawai, Takanori, Hasegawa, Tatsuhiko, Naito, Namkoong, Ho, Ryuya, Edahiro, Akinori, Kimura, Seishi, Ogawa, Takanori, Kanai, Koichi, Fukunaga, Yukinori, Okada, Seiya, Imoto, Satoru, Miyano, Serghei, Mangul, Abedalthagafi, Malak S., Hugo, Zeberg, Grzymski, Joseph J., Washington, Nicole L., Stephan, Ossowski, Ludwig, Kerstin U., Schulte, Eva C., Olaf, Riess, Marcin, Moniuszko, Miroslaw, Kwasniewski, Hamdi, Mbarek, Ismail, Said I., Anurag, Verma, Goldstein, David B., Krzysztof, Kiryluk, Renieri, Alessandra, Ferreira, Manuel A. R., J Brent Richards, Butler-Laporte, Guillaume, Povysil, Gundula, Kosmicki, Jack A, Cirulli, Elizabeth T, Drivas, Theodore, Furini, Simone, Saad, Chadi, Schmidt, Axel, Olszewski, Pawel, Korotko, Urszula, Quinodoz, Mathieu, Çelik, Elifnaz, Kundu, Kousik, Walter, Klaudia, Jung, Junghyun, Stockwell, Amy D, Sloofman, Laura G, Jordan, Daniel M, Thompson, Ryan C, Del Valle, Diane, Simons, Nicole, Cheng, Esther, Sebra, Robert, Schadt, Eric E, Kim-Schulze, Seunghee, Gnjatic, Sacha, Merad, Miriam, Buxbaum, Joseph D, Beckmann, Noam D, Charney, Alexander W, Przychodzen, Bartlomiej, Chang, Timothy, Pottinger, Tess D, Shang, Ning, Brand, Fabian, Fava, Francesca, Mari, Francesca, Chwialkowska, Karolina, Niemira, Magdalena, Pula, Szymon, Baillie, J Kenneth, Stuckey, Alex, Salas, Antonio, Bello, Xabier, Pardo-Seco, Jacobo, Gómez-Carballa, Alberto, Rivero-Calle, Irene, Martinón-Torres, Federico, Ganna, Andrea, Karczewski, Konrad J, Veerapen, Kumar, Bourgey, Mathieu, Bourque, Guillaume, Eveleigh, Robert Jm, Forgetta, Vincenzo, Morrison, David, Langlais, David, Lathrop, Mark, Mooser, Vincent, Nakanishi, Tomoko, Frithiof, Robert, Hultström, Michael, Lipcsey, Miklo, Marincevic-Zuniga, Yanara, Nordlund, Jessica, Schiabor Barrett, Kelly M, Lee, William, Bolze, Alexandre, White, Simon, Riffle, Stephen, Tanudjaja, Francisco, Sandoval, Efren, Neveux, Iva, Dabe, Shaun, Casadei, Nicola, Motameny, Susanne, Alaamery, Manal, Massadeh, Salam, Aljawini, Nora, Almutairi, Mansour S, Arabi, Yaseen M, Alqahtani, Saleh A, Al Harthi, Fawz S, Almutairi, Amal, Alqubaishi, Fatima, Alotaibi, Sarah, Binowayn, Albandari, Alsolm, Ebtehal A, El Bardisy, Hadeel, Fawzy, Mohammad, Cai, Fang, Soranzo, Nicole, Butterworth, Adam, Geschwind, Daniel H, Arteaga, Stephanie, Stephens, Alexi, Butte, Manish J, Boutros, Paul C, Yamaguchi, Takafumi N, Tao, Shu, Eng, Stefan, Sanders, Timothy, Tung, Paul J, Broudy, Michael E, Pan, Yu, Gonzalez, Alfredo, Chavan, Nikhil, Johnson, Ruth, Pasaniuc, Bogdan, Yaspan, Brian, Smieszek, Sandra, Rivolta, Carlo, Bibert, Stephanie, Bochud, Pierre-Yve, Dabrowski, Maciej, Zawadzki, Pawel, Sypniewski, Mateusz, Kaja, Elżbieta, Chariyavilaskul, Pajaree, Nilaratanakul, Voraphoj, Hirankarn, Nattiya, Shotelersuk, Vorasuk, Pongpanich, Monnat, Phokaew, Chureerat, Chetruengchai, Wanna, Tokunaga, Katsushi, Sugiyama, Masaya, Kawai, Yosuke, Hasegawa, Takanori, Naito, Tatsuhiko, Namkoong, Ho, Edahiro, Ryuya, Kimura, Akinori, Ogawa, Seishi, Kanai, Takanori, Fukunaga, Koichi, Okada, Yukinori, Imoto, Seiya, Miyano, Satoru, Mangul, Serghei, Abedalthagafi, Malak S, Zeberg, Hugo, Grzymski, Joseph J, Washington, Nicole L, Ossowski, Stephan, Ludwig, Kerstin U, Schulte, Eva C, Riess, Olaf, Moniuszko, Marcin, Kwasniewski, Miroslaw, Mbarek, Hamdi, Ismail, Said I, Verma, Anurag, Goldstein, David B, Kiryluk, Krzysztof, Renieri, Alessandra, Ferreira, Manuel A R, Richards, J Brent, Data Science Genetic Epidemiology Lab, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE

Subjects
Infectious Medicine, Cancer Research, Host genetics is a key determinant of COVID-19 outcomes. Previously, Infektionsmedicin, variants with the largest impact on COVID-19 outcomes are expected to be rare in the population. Hence, p = 5.41x10-7). This association was consistent across sexes. These results further support TLR7 as a genetic determinant of severe disease and suggest that larger studies on rare variants influencing COVID-19 outcomes could provide additional insights, Host genetics is a key determinant of COVID-19 outcomes. Previously, the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative genome-wide association study used common variants to identify multiple loci associated with COVID-19 outcomes. However, variants with the largest impact on COVID-19 outcomes are expected to be rare in the population. Hence, studying rare variants may provide additional insights into disease susceptibility and pathogenesis, thereby informing therapeutics development. Here, we combined whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing from 21 cohorts across 12 countries and performed rare variant exome-wide burden analyses for COVID-19 outcomes. In an analysis of 5,085 severe disease cases and 571,737 controls, we observed that carrying a rare deleterious variant in the SARS-CoV-2 sensor toll-like receptor TLR7 (on chromosome X) was associated with a 5.3-fold increase in severe disease (95% CI: 2.75-10.05, p = 5.41x10-7). This association was consistent across sexes. These results further support TLR7 as a genetic determinant of severe disease and suggest that larger studies on rare variants influencing COVID-19 outcomes could provide additional insights, studying rare variants may provide additional insights into disease susceptibility and pathogenesis, Genetics, Humans, Exome, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Medicinsk genetik, SARS-CoV-2, we observed that carrying a rare deleterious variant in the SARS-CoV-2 sensor toll-like receptor TLR7 (on chromosome X) was associated with a 5.3-fold increase in severe disease (95% CI: 2.75-10.05, 1184 Genetics, developmental biology, physiology, COVID-19, we combined whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing from 21 cohorts across 12 countries and performed rare variant exome-wide burden analyses for COVID-19 outcomes. In an analysis of 5, 737 controls, Toll-Like Receptor 7, the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative genome-wide association study used common variants to identify multiple loci associated with COVID-19 outcomes. However, 085 severe disease cases and 571, thereby informing therapeutics development. Here, Medical Genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Publisher Copyright: Copyright: © 2022 Butler-Laporte et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Host genetics is a key determinant of COVID-19 outcomes. Previously, the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative genome-wide association study used common variants to identify multiple loci associated with COVID-19 outcomes. However, variants with the largest impact on COVID-19 outcomes are expected to be rare in the population. Hence, studying rare variants may provide additional insights into disease susceptibility and pathogenesis, thereby informing therapeutics development. Here, we combined whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing from 21 cohorts across 12 countries and performed rare variant exome-wide burden analyses for COVID-19 outcomes. In an analysis of 5,085 severe disease cases and 571,737 controls, we observed that carrying a rare deleterious variant in the SARS-CoV-2 sensor toll-like receptor TLR7 (on chromosome X) was associated with a 5.3-fold increase in severe disease (95% CI: 2.75–10.05, p = 5.41x10-7). This association was consistent across sexes. These results further support TLR7 as a genetic determinant of severe disease and suggest that larger studies on rare variants influencing COVID-19 outcomes could provide additional insights.

Published
2022
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4. Emergence and rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 in the United States

Author

Rob Knight, David T.W. Wong, Peter De Hoff, Phillip G. Febbo, Kelly M. Schiabor Barrett, Jimmy M. Ramirez, Alexandre Bolze, Eric McDonald, Louise C. Laurent, Ezra Kurzban, David M. Becker, Michael Worobey, Emily Spencer, Marc Laurent, Duncan MacCannell, Kimberly Gietzen, Venice Servellita, Aaron Harding, Catelyn Anderson, Phoebe Seaver, Marc A. Suchard, Magnus Isaksson, Shashank Sathe, Brett Austin, Tracy Basler, Candace Wang, Holly Valentine, Simon R. White, Jason Nguyen, Sharoni Jacobs, Charles Y. Chiu, Laura D. Hughes, Mark Zeller, James T. Lu, Karthik Gangavarapu, Refugio Robles-Sikisaka, Kristian G. Andersen, Charlotte Rivera-Garcia, Kelly Hoon, Brad Sickler, Gene W. Yeo, Brendan B. Larsen, Nicole L. Washington, Eileen de Feo, Xueqing Wang, Jingtao Liu, Efren Sandoval, Omid Bakhtar, Jay Antico, Elizabeth T. Cirulli, Geraint Levan, William E. Lee, Tyler Cassens, and Xianding Deng

Subjects
Male, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Biology, genomic epidemiology, Medical and Health Sciences, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, law.invention, Vaccine Related, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Models, Biodefense, Genetics, Humans, Genomic Epidemiology, B.1.1.7, 501Y.V1, Lung, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, SARS-CoV-2, Genomic sequencing, Prevention, Human Genome, COVID-19, Pneumonia, Biological Sciences, Biological, United States, Good Health and Well Being, Transmission (mechanics), Variant of Concern, Female, variant of concern, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Demography, VOC-202012/01, Developmental Biology
Abstract

The highly transmissible B.1.1.7 variant of SARS-CoV-2, first identified in the United Kingdom, has gained a foothold across the world. Using S gene target failure (SGTF) and SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequencing, we investigated the prevalence and dynamics of this variant in the United States (U.S.), tracking it back to its early emergence. We found that while the fraction of B.1.1.7 varied by state, the variant increased at a logistic rate with a roughly weekly doubling rate and an increased transmission of 40-50%. We revealed several independent introductions of B.1.1.7 into the U.S. as early as late November 2020, with community transmission spreading it to most states within months. We show that the U.S. is on a similar trajectory as other countries where B.1.1.7 became dominant, requiring immediate and decisive action to minimize COVID-19 morbidity and mortality., Genomic epidemiology analyses explain the introduction and transmission of the B.1.1.7 variant of SARS-CoV-2 into the United States, with projections for it to soon be the dominant strain in the country.

Published
2021

5. SARS-CoV-2 Variant Delta Rapidly Displaced Variant Alpha in the United States and Led to Higher Viral Loads

Author

Alexandre Bolze, Shishi Luo, Simon White, Elizabeth T. Cirulli, Dana Wyman, Andrew Dei Rossi, Henrique Machado, Tyler Cassens, Sharoni Jacobs, Kelly M. Schiabor Barrett, Francisco Tanudjaja, Kevin Tsan, Jason Nguyen, Jimmy M. Ramirez, Efren Sandoval, Xueqing Wang, David Wong, David Becker, Marc Laurent, James T. Lu, Magnus Isaksson, Nicole L. Washington, and William Lee

Subjects
History, Polymers and Plastics, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Humans, Viral Load, Business and International Management, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, United States, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Abstract

We report on the sequencing of 74,348 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples collected across the United States and show that the Delta variant, first detected in the United States in March 2021, made up the majority of SARS-CoV-2 infections by July 1, 2021 and accounted for99.9% of the infections by September 2021. Not only did Delta displace variant Alpha, which was the dominant variant at the time, it also displaced the Gamma, Iota, and Mu variants. Through an analysis of quantification cycle (Cq) values, we demonstrate that Delta infections tend to have a 1.7× higher viral load compared to Alpha infections (a decrease of 0.8 Cq) on average. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the increased transmissibility of the Delta variant could be due to the ability of the Delta variant to establish a higher viral load earlier in the infection as compared to the Alpha variant.

Published
2021
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