1. Age differentially impacts adaptive immune responses induced by adenoviral versus mRNA vaccines against COVID-19.
- Author
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Dallan B, Proietto D, De Laurentis M, Gallerani E, Martino M, Ghisellini S, Zurlo A, Volpato S, Govoni B, Borghesi M, Albanese V, Appay V, Bonnini S, Llewellyn-Lacey S, Pacifico S, Grumiro L, Brandolini M, Semprini S, Sambri V, Ladell K, Parry HM, Moss PAH, Price DA, Caputo A, Gavioli R, and Nicoli F
- Subjects
- Humans, Aged, Middle Aged, Adult, Male, Female, Antibodies, Viral blood, Antibodies, Viral immunology, Adenovirus Vaccines immunology, Adenovirus Vaccines administration & dosage, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, Age Factors, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, Aging immunology, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, Vaccines, Synthetic immunology, Vaccines, Synthetic administration & dosage, COVID-19 immunology, COVID-19 prevention & control, BNT162 Vaccine immunology, SARS-CoV-2 immunology, 2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273, Adaptive Immunity immunology, COVID-19 Vaccines immunology, COVID-19 Vaccines administration & dosage, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus immunology, mRNA Vaccines immunology
- Abstract
Adenoviral and mRNA vaccines encoding the viral spike (S) protein have been deployed globally to contain severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Older individuals are particularly vulnerable to severe infection, probably reflecting age-related changes in the immune system, which can also compromise vaccine efficacy. It is nonetheless unclear to what extent different vaccine platforms are impacted by immunosenescence. Here, we evaluated S protein-specific immune responses elicited by vaccination with two doses of BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1-S and subsequently boosted with a single dose of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273, comparing age-stratified participants with no evidence of previous infection with SARS-CoV-2. We found that aging profoundly compromised S protein-specific IgG titers and further limited S protein-specific CD4
+ and CD8+ T cell immunity as a probable function of progressive erosion of the naive lymphocyte pool in individuals vaccinated initially with BNT162b2. Our results demonstrate that primary vaccination with ChAdOx1-S and subsequent boosting with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 promotes sustained immunological memory in older adults and potentially confers optimal protection against coronavirus disease 2019., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.)- Published
- 2024
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