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Aim: This study aimed to develop appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) estimating formulas that also consider the presence of paralysis for older adults and people with disabilities. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 315 consecutive patients, post‐stroke, aged ≥65 years, in a rehabilitation hospital. Six different ASM estimating formulas were developed using a five‐fold cross‐validation method and compared with the measured ASM obtained from bioelectrical impedance analysis. These formulas included age, gender, height, weight, arm circumference, triceps skinfold, calf circumference and presence of paralysis. Using Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), we examined the correlation between the formulas and the measured ASM. The accuracy of the ASM estimating formula for detecting decreased muscle mass was evaluated using the F‐value and Matthew's correlation coefficient. Results: Patients' mean ± SD age was 79.0 ± 8.1 years, and 51.4% of them were men. The mean ± SD bioelectrical impedance analysis‐measured ASM was 13.7 ± 4.3 kg. Furthermore, 241 (76.5%) patients had decreased measured ASM. The mean adjusted R2 of the developed six formulas was 0.861–0.871. In all formulas, the r and ICC of the estimated ASM for the measured ASM were strong (r = 0.936–0.930 and ICC = 0.928–0.934). These formulas revealed excellent sensitivity (86.0–88.2%), specificity (72.5–81.1%), accuracy (0.838–0.870), F‐value (0.899–0.918) and Matthew's correlation coefficient (0.509–0.612) for measured ASM depletion. Conclusions: We successfully developed ASM estimating formulas using anthropometric measurements considering the presence of paralysis. Thus, these formulas are beneficial for diagnosing sarcopenia in older adults, without requiring any special equipment. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 1145–1150. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Older adults often present with several comorbidities, including sarcopenia. However, the prevalence of sarcopenia and its associations with other comorbidities in hospitalized older adults are unknown. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia, and its associations with other comorbidities in hospitalized older adults. Methods: The present cross-sectional study included 619 patients admitted to a geriatric hospital. The prevalence of comorbidities in the presence and absence of sarcopenia, nutritional status (according to body mass index and the Mini-Nutritional Assessment-Short Form), and activities of daily living (according to the Barthel Index) were assessed. Sarcopenia was defined as skeletal muscle loss evaluated by both bioelectrical impedance and handgrip strength analyses. Results: Of the 619 participants (mean age 83.0 ± 8.2 years), 417 (67.4%) and 87 (14.1%) had definitive and possible sarcopenia, respectively. The prevalence rates of cognitive impairment and stroke were significantly higher in patients with definitive sarcopenia and those with possible sarcopenia than in those without sarcopenia (cognitive impairment 54.4%, 70.1% and 20.9%, respectively, P < 0.001; stroke 31.2%, 48.3% and 19.1%, respectively, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that cognitive impairment was independently associated with sarcopenia after adjusting for age, sex, the Mini-Nutritional Assessment-Short Form score, Barthel Index and primary disease (adjusted odds ratio 1.98, 95% confidence interval 1.06–3.71; P = 0.032). Conclusions: Sarcopenia might be highly prevalent among hospitalized older adults. Furthermore, cognitive impairment might be an independent explanatory variable of sarcopenia. Therefore, further studies on sarcopenia in patients with cognitive impairment are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]