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Halophilic microorganisms have great potentials towards biotechnological applications. Halomonas hydrothermalis Y2 is a halotolerant and alkaliphilic strain that isolated from the Na+-rich pulp mill wastewater. The strain is dominant in the bacterial community of pulp mill wastewater and exhibits metabolic diversity in utilizing various substrates. Here we present the genome sequence of this strain, which comprises a circular chromosome 3,933,432 bp in size and a GC content of 60.2%. Diverse genes that encoding proteins for compatible solutes synthesis and transport were identified from the genome. With a complete pathway for ectoine synthesis, the strain could produce ectoine from monosodium glutamate and further partially secreted into the medium. In addition, around 20% ectoine was increased by deleting the ectoine hydroxylase (EctD). The genome sequence we report here will provide genetic information regarding adaptive mechanisms of strain Y2 to its harsh habitat, as well as facilitate exploration of metabolic strategies for diverse compatible solutes, e.g., ectoine production.

Lake Van fish (Alburnus tarichi Guldenstadt 1814) is the only fish that can adapt to the extreme conditions (pH 9.8 salinity 0.2% and alkalinity 151.2 meq/L) of Lake Van. In this study, it was aimed to determine the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) on Lake Van fish primary gill cell culture. Gill epithelium from Lake Van fish was isolated enzymatically and grown in primary culture on Leibovitz’s L-15 medium. After different doses (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 μM) of CPF were applied to the gill cells, the total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and DNA damage levels (8-hydroxyguanine (8-OHdG)) were examined at the end of 24 and 48 h. It was determined that the TOS, MDA, and 8-OHdG levels increased in the cells exposed to high doses (1 and 10 μM) of CPF and the TAS was decreased (P

The objective of this research was to develop an integrated process to produce biogas and high-quality particleboard using saline creeping wild ryegrass (CWR), Leymus triticoides through anaerobic digestion (AD). Besides producing biogas, AD also serves as a pretreatment method to remove the wax layer of CWR for improving binding capability and then the residue is used to produce high-quality particleboard. CWR was digested for three time periods, 15, 22, and 33 days with the volatile solid (VS) loading of 10 g-VS/L-sludge and the food to microorganism (F/M) ratio of 1.41. The highest biogas yield after digestion for 33 days was 251 mL/g-VS, which is corresponded to energy of 8419 BTU/kg-dry CWR. The highest methane content of biogas was 63%. Compared with particleboards manufactured from urea formaldehyde (UF) and untreated CWR, the mechanical and long-term (24 h) water resistance properties of particleboards made from UF and 33-day AD CWR residue were statistically significantly improved, except for modulus of elasticity (MOE). For example, the modulus of rupture (MOR) was increased by 39%. The results indicated that the integrated process could be a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method for producing bioenergy and particleboard with agricultural residues.

The eels’ recovery from capture, anoxia, and transport is improved by the dechlorinated filtered aerated tap water temperature increase and increased water salinity. The eels’ 6-hr recovery from capture, anoxia, and transport, at 25°C in 50% secondary-treated bleached kraft pulp mill effluent, as plasma lactate and cortisol uptake, is depressed. However, either farm or wild eels’ exposure to the 50% secondary-treated bleached kraft pulp mill effluent, after 188 hr recovery from capture, anoxia, and transport, induces plasma lactate increase and prevents interrenal cortisol release to the blood, decreasing its plasma concentration.

The effects of tetrachloro-1,2-benzoquinone (TCQ), a component in bleached kraft mill effluents (BKME), on vertebral and physiological parameters were investigated in juvenile fourhorn sculpin, Myoxocephalus quadricornis L. After about 4.5 months of exposure to 0.1 and 0.5 mg TCQ/liter in 7% salinity brackish water, the fish demonstrated vertebral deformities, aberrant mechanical properties of the vertebrae, effects on white and red blood cell counts, enhanced activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in erythrocytes, and increased levels of ascorbic acid in the liver. The effects are discussed in relation to those previously observed in fish exposed to complex BKME in the field and the laboratory.