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Freshwater resources are limited and many regions worldwide are suffering from water shortage due to the rapid increase in population, industrialization and urbanization. Concrete production has shown to consume a substantial amount of water for mixing and curing, and this large consumption has sparked concerted efforts to find sustainable and environmental friendly alternatives for replacing freshwater in order to lower the pressure on water resources. The use of hypersaline by-product brine water discharged from desalination plant has been tested in cement mortar production in order to lower the pressure on water resources and reduce the environmental impact resulted from discharging this effluent to surrounding streams. Discharge brine water to surrounding stream can deteriorate physicochemical and ecological properties of receiving streams as well as accelerate degassing process of dissolved greenhouse gases by lowering solubility coefficient. Compression and Bending strength of cement mortar specimens have been tested after adding different percentages of brine water and with/without Alkali-Resistance Glass Fiber (ARGF). Samples have been cured for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days in 50.5mm×50.5mm×50.5mm cubes and tested using compression testing machine. Adding 3% ARGF to cement mortar mixes has increased 28 curing days bending strength (3 times) and has decreased compression strength 30%. It has been observed that using brine water with ARGF in cement mortar mixes will lower compression strength on the average of 22%±2 and will increase bending strength values 2.7 times. The results show that using ARGF and brine water in cement mortar production seems promising in improving environmental conditions and enhancing the mechanical property in many applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

This research aims to study the preparation of struvite with the desalination waste (brine water) as magnesium source. In the present work, it has studied the precipitation of struvite and controlling struvite crystallization. The precipitation of struvite was investigated in desalination waste containing Mg:N:P molar ratio 1:1:1; 1:1:2 and 1:2:1 at room temperature on pH 9.10 and 11, respectively. Characterization of struvite crystal was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetry Analysis (TGA)/Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and BET surface area analysis. The XRD analysis showed that struvite crystallization was formed. FTIR spectra of struvite revealed the presence of water of hydration, P O bond, N H bond, and metal-oxygen bond. SEM images suggested that struvite had the irregular shape in different morphologies. From TGA/DTA analysis, the struvite crystal is unstable thermally and the loss of water of hydration starts above room temperature. BET data showed that the struvite pore was mesopores which are textural pores occurred with aggregates of plate-like particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The topic of this paper is the thermal impact desalination in the fouling and corrosion phenomena as an auxiliary and rejection waters on the environment in the western littoral of Ghazaouet site—Tlemcen (Algeria). The methodology we used consists of taking samples from different qualities of water used in the distillation process in multiple effects (MED): auxiliary water, brine water, and undrinkable water production. They have been characterized by physical–chemical analysis such as pH, temperature, conductivity, salinity, dissolved solids (TSD), turbidity, calcic hydrotimetric title, alkalimetric title, and organoleptic parameters. We also carried out a study on the influence of the distillation parameters on calco-carbonic balance and furring solid’s precipitations of forming carbonates, hydroxides, and sulfates. The results showed that the rejected brine water in the sea contains a considerable quantity of dissolved chemical bodies in suspension where salinity reached 49 g/l, containing also effluents acid coming from the correcting operations of the auxiliary water. The saturation index of this water determined by different methods that showed the furring and corrosive character of the seawater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Seawater desalination is currently considered a vital and dependable water resource to meet all requirements of fresh water. Kuwait has been a leading country in fresh water production from the sea using the multistage flash (MSF) unit. All MSF plants in Kuwait are operated on the principle of chemical additives dosing for scale inhibition, and at a top brine temperature below 120°C. This is because calcium sulfate scaling phenomenon usually occurs when the temperature is higher than 120°C. This type of scaling is a hard scale that cannot be removed easily by chemical or mechanical cleaning. Until recent years, no antiscalants could overcome this type of scaling at high temperatures. The new generation of antiscalants is able to stand high operation temperature without hydrolysis or without losing their reactivity and can solve sulfate scaling problem. This paper consists of laboratory tests to evaluate the performance of new inhibitors that can overcome sulfate scaling. In particular, experiments were conducted to study the antiscalants effectiveness under different operating conditions with different brine concentration, especially in high-temperature operation mode. The result of the experiment showed that the performance of these chemical additives varied with the operating temperature, flow rate, and the brine concentration. The tested chemicals showed reduction in the percentage precipitation at high temperature up to 160°C. A techno-economic feasibility study was also conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...