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The aim of this article is to show the way in which concepts of abuse, danger, and security have informed recent U.K. legal and policy developments relating to the protection of women in transnational marriages from violence within families and communities. It also demonstrates the way in which the same concepts inform debates on violence against women in families in India to provide a greater understanding of the interaction between "polity" and "community" in transnational marriages.

Subjective images of danger and security depend on the context of uncertainty. This article introduces a mental reconstruction of danger and safety for different types of uncertainty. The authors used the methods of associative experiment, subjective ranking, and semantic differential. The empirical data were processed by averaging, ranking, factor analysis, and the Mann-Whitney criterion. The survey involved students from several Russian metropolitan and provincial universities (19–20 y.o.; n = 105; 74 females). Danger demonstrated a less complex mental structure than safety. The mental reconstruction of danger / safety included three types of uncertainty. Temporal uncertainty included period, time, and frequency of danger / safety. Objective uncertainty was connected with the place, environment, and source of danger / safety. Subjective uncertainty covered controllability, scale, and cause of danger / safety. Uncertainty proved more important for danger than for safety. The subjective level of danger grew together with objective uncertainty, especially when the source of danger was unclear, and went down with temporal uncertainty. The subjective level of security increased with temporal and subjective uncertainty and decreased with objective uncertainty. When the subjective significance of danger and safety went up, the differentiation of uncertainty in their assessment became less significant. The study identified the effect of variability of uncertainty on the mental reconstruction made by the subjects of danger / security, as well as identified some understudied areas.

Many agree that the more we feel that we can handle a given situation, the less afraid we are. But why? Is the situation no longer dangerous or is fear a response to more than danger? Here I analyze situations in which one reacts in cold blood to danger and argue that the formal object of fear is not the dangerous, but the unsafe. The unsafe indicates not only how the world is, but also how it can be handled. Safety, and its negative counterpart, are characterized by their duality, both evaluative (is the snake dangerous?) and agentive (is it under control?). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy / Journal Canadien de la Pharmacie Hospitalière is the property of Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Criminology has long investigated criminal justice cultures and their preoccupation with dangerousness. Over a half century ago, correctional scholars called for a richer understanding of how a 'social reality' of danger might shape the mental state of staff. More recently, correctional scholarship has demonstrated that correctional culture and perceptions of danger likely play a fundamental role in findings that staff experience conflict across domains. Drawing from 18 focus groups of correctional staff from all adult carceral facilities in one state, this study investigates: 1) how cultural workgroup concerns over danger and values of safety shape staff's worldview broadly; and, 2) how these worldviews concerning danger shape cultural cognition outside the carceral context. To answer these questions, we draw upon cultural sociology and leverage the mechanism of the schema to understand how values are recalled across domains. Through this analysis, we illustrate how an accumulation of stories concerning danger within prison shapes a worldview that structures compulsive cognition around personal safety. We show how compulsive cognition manifests as an intrinsic knowledge of the dangerous character of others and a personal drive to fortify against underspecified violent threats outside the carceral context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims to form a conceptual vision of the "security environment" concept, to determine its structure and the content of concepts derived from it, as well as to establish logical and semantic connections between them. The need for such research occurred because of using security terms arbitrarily in government and business activities. Therefore, their content is interpreted and perceived differently, which, in turn, harms law-making, organization and planning of security measures, etc. The article, based on the theoretical foundations of security science, revealed and substantiated the author's approach to the understanding and interpretation of the "security environment" concept. Besides, the paper proposed the definition of the semantically similar concepts of "safe environment" and, conversely, "dangerous environment". Based on the results of the system approach and content analysis of the main security concepts, some terms derived from the concept of "security environment" were determined and their content was substantiated, as well as the corresponding structural and semantic logic of the connections between them. The article describes that the formation and development of the security environment are carried out by the relevant subjects of security activities, for which they use the forces and means at their disposal and the relevant legal acts, as well as apply their capabilities, demonstrate readiness for such activities and establish a safety culture in society. The research schematically and substantively demonstrated that a security environment is formed as a result of security activity taking into account challenges that have not been dealt with, risks that have been realized, internal and external threats and security situations. A dangerous environment is formed as a result of the dangerous occurrence, i.e. loss of control over the situation or the onset of a crisis state. This scientific intelligence will be helpful for everyone interested in modern security science issues: scientists, practitioners, civil servants, deputies and other subjects of the security environment, especially in the russian-Ukrainian war framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the provisions of the safety philosophy in the aspect of its significance for the pedagogical solution of life safety problems. The article is devoted to the philosophical analysis of security as a social phenomenon and scientific category, its phenomenon, attributes, definition of the philosophy of security as a methodological basis for education in the field of life safety. The security of the individual has a greater value than, for example, the security of the state. Therefore, it is a person’s right and duty to protect his spiritual freedom from the state and society. In the life of the state, nation and society, there is a demonic force that seeks to subjugate a person’s personality and turn it simply into a tool for its own purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bioeconomics & Agrarian Business / Bìoekonomìka ta Agrarnij Bìznes is the property of National University of Life & Environmental Sciences of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. This article considers a complex problem of personal safety in educational relations in course of implementation of pedagogical innovations. The personal safety demanded by science in this century as pedagogical phenomenon was designated to provide training of teaching staff in qualitatively other formats answering to realities of modern vital space. The innovative educational environment needs the optimum indicators of safety corresponding to objective conditions of development of the personality. The general characteristic of teaching staff readiness for personality safety in the innovative educational environment given on the basis of a complex of allocated indicators is especially relevant. The purpose of the article is to determine the readiness degree of teaching staff for personal security in the innovative educational environme nt. Materials and Methods. The complex of indicators of teaching staff readiness is estimated with the use of theoretical (idealization, abstraction, deductions, induction), and empirical (a pedagogical experiment, testing, selective direct observation, an experimental pedagogical conversation, questionnaire, professional and creative tasks, the statistical analysis of pedagogical information) methods. Materials and methods are demanded in the context of integration of the signs defining safety of the personality and significant parameters of innovation of the educational environment. Results. The general level of teaching staff readiness for personal safety in the innovative educational environment can’t be estimated as sufficient. The special attention is required to the work associated with formation of teaching staff readiness to take risk in the course of implementation of pedagogical innovations; also the low level of self-esteem and self-acceptance, sensitiv ity to themselves cause concern. This research expanded representations about personal safety in the innovative educational environment as to the system of the conditions providing openness of subjects of education to culture, innovations, situations of the uncertain future and also security and optimality of int eraction with the world around. Discussion and Conclusion. The target reference points of training teaching staff for evidence-based process of ensuring personality safety in the innovative educational environment are designated. The results of the study are of interest to scientific and pedagogical community, the practicing teachers, administrative employees of the educational organizations and future teachers.

Cosmic radiation hazard is cornerstone of space flights safety. Different properties of solar electromagnetic and corpuscular radiation with emphasis on its dangerous influence on astronauts and spacecraft equipment and systems are discussed. Solar and galactic cosmic rays (SCR and GCR) pose a serious obstacle in terms of safety and security of space flights, especially beyond the Earth's magnetosphere. Solar flares and GCR are of special concern. Solar flares are distinguished as extremely complex phenomena observing across the whole electromagnetic spectrum from radio wavelength to extreme ultraviolet, X-ray and gamma ray. Powerful fluxes of energetic particles in very wide energetic spectrum are generated which interact with the home planet and disturbing tremendously our space environment. Altogether, it is referred to as space weather. Geomagnetic storms induced by solar flares affect the ground facilities, social-economic infrastructure and global system operations involving electric power supply, aviation and ground transportation, oil-gas pipelines, geographic information system/data management (GIS), etc. As systems become more complex over time, the impacts of space weather on space flights and humanity in general are likely to increase. We analyze flares complexity and classification depending on their size, duration, morphology or magnetic topology and characteristic corpuscular radiation based on different classification systems as well protective measures to mitigate their consequences. Humans will encounter extremely serious problems of space flights safety at the beginning of new phase of the Moon exploration. Of the risks evaluation of habitation in the lunar hostile environment, specifically in the potential sites of Lunar Base deployment, monitoring of radiation doses absorbed by astronauts on the lunar surface is the first one. Underground shelters could be used to provide safe habitation and maintain the long-term humans' activity. Nowadays we face numerous problems involving many unknowns and dangers of the natural origin in the outer space, which runs in parallel with the needs of great technological advancements and breakthroughs. It is incremental in the course of growing complexity of space flights and progressive development of the human missions with an ultimate goal of undertaking manned flights to the Moon, Mars and beyond. • Danger of cosmic solar and galactic radiation as a cornerstone of space flights safety. • Impact of solar radiation on astronauts, spacecraft and ground-based infrastructure. • Solar flares types, classification, energy and hazard. • Space safety and security problems at the Moon exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on conflict and 'terrorism' is confronted by an expanding range of daunting ethical, methodological, and institutional challenges. One of these is the increasing involvement of university ethics and fieldwork safety committees in 'managing' researcher safety and security as an issue which requires institutional oversight, control, and approval. This paper contributes to contemporary reflection on and conversations about social sciences fieldwork in what is deemed to be an increasingly dangerous world. It focuses specifically on the increasing application of institutional ethics and safety review processes to 'dangerous' fieldwork on socio-political violence. While these new restrictions are clothed in the language or idiom of ethics and worker safety and security, a political analysis suggests that these committees represent powerful institutions of censorship and control, a serious challenge to academic freedom, and even movement towards the recolonisation of social science research. This paper describes and addresses this threat, and offers a constructive proposal for potentially responding by the development of risk assessment and management protocols which may contribute both to researcher survival in perilous field sites and help researchers to negotiate the necessary approval by university ethics and safety committees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research suggests that people chronically concerned with safety, as measured by the Belief in a Dangerous World (BDW) Scale, are prone to intergroup prejudice and likely to endorse negative stereotypes under conditions eliciting concern for safety. Using a sociofunctional, threat-based approach to prejudice, the current research tested whether people with high BDW report increased prejudice specifically toward groups stereotypically associated with safety-related threats compared to groups associated with unrelated threats. Studies 1 and 2 found that higher BDW predicts increased negativity, safety-related concern, and fear toward groups stereotypically associated with threats to safety (e.g., illegal immigrants and Muslims) compared to groups thought to pose unrelated threats (e.g., gay men and obese people). Study 3 activated concern for safety using a news story detailing increased crime (vs. a control story), finding an interaction between safety concern activation, target group, and BDW, such that situational threat concern elicited greater prejudice toward Mexican Americans, but not toward Asian Americans, from those participants with higher BDW. These studies suggest that individual differences in concern for safety predict specific prejudices (e.g., fear and social distancing) toward distinct groups rather than general outgroup negativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine is taken recreationally by thousands of people, especially the young, across the globe. It is highly associated with electronic music and its use in the UK remains high at around 4.5% of 16-24 year olds. This review discusses both the short- and long-term effects of 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine including methods by which some of these adverse effects can be prevented or even reversed to increase the safety of the commonly used drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychotherapeut is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper will explore safety and danger in gated communities in Turkey, an important subject of study in recent research in urban studies, conducted nationally and internationally. Safety has become a major concern in the last years, especially in large metropolises, leading people to move to gated communities which are thought to protect residents from urban problems. The paper uses the data collected during a fieldwork conducted in two gated communities in Istanbul. The main data is based on semi-structured in-depth interviews with their residents and other participants providing first-hand information on two case studies. The paper also uses visual and statistical data provided by relevant administrative officers. The paper indicates that gated communities are not totally isolated and ready-made sites. Rather, it argues that they create a mixture of “traditional” and “ready-made” safety while they also lead to new forms of danger, all of which emerging from their different socio-spatial configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Machinery & Energetics is the property of National University of Life & Environmental Sciences of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article reconsiders the presence and value of danger in outdoor and adventurous activities and sports in safety-conscious societies, especially in relation to the education of children and youth. Based on an original analysis of the relation between the concepts of ‘risk’ and ‘danger’, we offer an account of the relation between challenge, adventure, risk and danger, and emphasise the importance of teaching risk recognition, risk assessment, risk management and risk avoidance to children and youth, without the necessity of exposing them to jeopardy in dangerous situations. Our conclusion is that ‘Safe Danger’ describes what educators should seek, namely: the educational benefits of the challenges set by risk-taking and the demands of risk-facing, including those in adventurous situations, which are obtainable in the absence of significant danger, and which contribute to risk education. The educational value of adventurous and outdoor pursuits lies elsewhere than in the opportunities that they present for danger-facing, for example in their promotion of self-reliance, confidence, ability to team-work, and especially in their promotion of risk education, as an integral aspect of everyday life planning, as preparation for the day’s adventurous challenges, and as an instrument of task completion. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The aim of the research is to provide proactive mitigation of safety risk to people and property of the effects of explosions of explosive materials in the Serbian Army based on a large number of relevant collected data. Achieving these research goals requires the use of appropriate methods and techniques for understanding and studying the existing theoretical and practical solutions as well as proposing new solutions in the area of interest. The research includes possibilities to mitigate risk to people and property from the effects of explosive material explosions. These possibilities aim at reducing danger, risk and threat to the population, their property and the environment, as well as at mitigating the consequences of possible emergencies. The following methods have also been discussed: avoidance, retention, reduction, division, transfer and reduction of hazards, risks and threats, where for each method a detailed theoretical explanation is provided with appropriate examples of good practice. The formulated hypothesis is also being proven, with the aim to - with a scientific objectivity towards one’s own research results accept or reject the proposed methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the workings of tourism in areas of sociopolitical turmoil are critically examined. In so doing the aim is to scrutinize interconnections between tourism, safety, and conflict as I contend that tourism, tourists and the danger generated by ongoing sociopolitical conflicts are intimately connected. The empirical focus is on tourism in Jordan, a country in a region troubled by ongoing conflicts. Fieldwork for this project was carried out in 2009 and 2010. Data were collected from local tourism industry representatives and international tourists in Jordan. Findings indicate that a safety/danger binary is destabilized by industry representatives who operate a “sanitization” process in Jordan meant to erase danger and conflicts from tourism spaces. Tourists in the region also disrupt this binary as they travel to the region in spite of the conflict and downplay violent incidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is devoted to important aspects of preventing workplace trauma in the ferrous metallurgy industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The article focuses in particular on the Aksu Ferroalloys Plant, which is one of the largest factories in that industry. The use of Kinney's method to evaluate workplace safety makes it possible to assess risks and implement the organizational, technical, and technological measures necessary to avoid hazardous situations that can lead to emergencies or accidents. Such measures reduce the number of injuries at factories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we draw on data from fieldwork on the Izu islands and from historical sources to examine the role of shamans in identifying and managing danger and the ways in which surviving practices reflect of the symbolism of premodern Japanese rituals. In most of contemporary Japan, misfortunes, such as illness or maritime accidents, are accounted for, predicted and managed and through modern science-based risk systems such as medicine. However, premodern systems have survived in Aogashima, a small isolated island 222 miles southeast of Tokyo, which forms part of the Izu group of islands. In this article, we use data from ethnomusicological fieldwork on the Izu islands (Hachijō and Aogashima) conducted in the period 2003–2005 and 2010 to examine premodern rituals that address misfortune and uncertainty. We found that on Aogashima, islanders group together a range of dangers such as illness, childbirth and maritime safety and use the skills of shamans to identify the source of the danger, cursing demons, and undertake rituals to counter such dangers by exorcising the demons and their curses. It is clear from documentary sources that shamanistic divination was widely practiced in the Izu islands in the nineteenth century. It is also evident that it was being marginalised and driven underground by the actions of central authorities on the mainland. Given this radical break with the past, the premodern systems in Japan have to be reconstructed from historical documents plus evidence from surviving practices such as those on Aogashima. The shamanistic tradition on Aogashima has become disconnected from mainstream Japanese politics and religion, but it retains a local island-based rationale and functions to identify and deal with specific types of dangers. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In the current economic context, the concern of every organization is to be permanently competitive, which represents its ability to maintain and gain new positions in the market in terms of competition. The purpose of this paper is to analyse how the implementation of well- chosen and correctly applied strategies can improve the performance of a company. The company in question is well-known, with international activity, and the examined strategy concerns the certification, respectively the implementation of the HACCP system for food safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Slovak Republic as a member state of EASA is bound to adopt aviation regulations. There are some terminology discrepancies when translating EASA regulations and general text from English to Slovak language. Safety hazard and safety risk in Slovak language have different meaning than in English language. The subject of the paper is therefore to explain some peculiarities in definitions according to ICAO Safety Management System, USA FAA and Slovak legislation. Terms "risk" and "hazard" according the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the USA Federal Aviation Authority (FAA) are compared to Slovak equivalents. In Slovak administrative law the term 'hazard' is missing. Instead of the term hazard terms 'danger', 'threat' or 'danger' are used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research using participant’s self-reports has documented a link between red and danger. In this research, we used two different variants of a Stroop word evaluation task to test for the possibility of an implicit red–danger association using carefully controlled colour stimuli (equated on lightness and chroma). Experiment 1, using words as stimuli, yielded strong evidence of a link between red and danger, and weaker evidence of a green–safety association. Experiment 2, using symbols as stimuli, again yielded strong evidence of a link between red and danger; no green effects were observed. The findings were discussed in terms of the power and promise of red in signal communication. Practitioner Summary:This research documents an implicit association between red and danger. Our findings confirm the wisdom of using red to communicate danger in systematic signal systems, and suggest that red may be used more broadly in other communication contexts to efficiently convey danger-relevant information. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This project seeks to recognize and diagnose areas of operation of the company MADERBELY and machinery used in different production processes in order to study and select the machines that represent the greatest diversity in terms of their functional characteristics and related to mechanical risk, the idea is to perform any action that is necessary. Based on observation, accident reports and the use of other tools, industrial equipment will be selected, and the type of intervention performed through improved security systems will be proposed, studies on different design concepts of safety devices will be considered, in order to reduce the risks that have been identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Safety & Fire Technology / Bezpieczeństwo i Technika Pożarnicza is the property of Centrum Naukowo-Badawcze Ochrony Przeciwpozarowej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Paramedics, by the nature of their work, often enter into unknown, critical and sometimes hostile situations. Danger can emanate from the patient, particularly if they are confused, in a state of panic, inebriated or psychotic, from friends and family, work colleagues, or from members of the public. In such situations the best advice is undoubtedly to withdraw and summon support. This paper, however, addresses those situations where that is either not possible or appropriate. A model for understanding aggression as it unfolds is offered together with an examination of the interpersonal defusing and de-escalating skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the ground of term «danger». Existent today numerous determinations of this term substantially differentiate on sense and are not general. In the article, taking logical and philosophical approaches, a new determination of this term is formulated. That was basic pre-condition, that danger, as well as safety, are notions subjective, which can change because of practical activity of man, development of science and society. These notions ascend to notions well and it is badly, which can be perceive even at an instinctive level. The decision of question of formulation of base terms is of not only interest from point of theoretical science, but it has an important practical aspect. In history there are the enough examples of good actions, including directed on the rise of safety, which turned around, farther more, by the calamities, catastrophes and etc. The new definition of "danger" is as follows: danger - a subjective concept that refers to the possibility of circumstances in which the matter field, information, energy, or a combination thereof may affect the way a complex system, it would lead to consequences that are perceived and valued stakeholders (at the level of thinking, feeling or instincts) at a certain stage of development of the perceiver as negative until after the implementation of the risk or occurrence of adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of DYNA - Ingeniería e Industria is the property of Publicaciones Dyna SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Threats of violence are not uncommon to counselors, faculty, or teachers. Each must be taken seriously, quickly analyzed, and safety procedures implemented. Yet, there exists a paucity of brief, face-to-face, assessments designed to aid threat assessment. To address this paucity, the author created The DANGERTOME Personal Risk Threat Assessment Scale. Although no scale can identify all who will act violently, this Scale can be used within a larger and more thorough threat assessment. The Scale is evidence informed and founded upon the author's 24 years of clinical experience as well as Federal Bureau of Investigation data. Neither the Scale nor the general clinical suggestions should be utilized in isolation from other assessment instruments and direct expert clinical and legal guidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]