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The aim of this study was to evaluate different levels of feed restriction in the diet for F1 Holstein x Zebu cows during the winter on performance and economic viability. Data from Zootechnical book keeping, and from experiments conducted in the Experimental Field of Felixlândia, belonging to EPAMIG, were used. Total lactation of sixty F1 Holstein x Zebu cows receiving different diets was analyzed, by 2.00%, 2.25%, 2.50%, 2.75% body weight (BW), and a control group (3.4%; no feed restriction), allowing 5% leftovers in relation to the dry matter supplied, distributed in a completely randomized design. Data on milk production and feed cost were collected, evaluating the different periods that characterize the lactation of an animal. The highest milk production was found in the diet levels 3.4 %, and 2.75% BW, 3,636.00, and 3,271.50 kg, respectively. Lower milk production was observed at levels of 2.50%; 2.25%; 2.00% BW, respectively. The highest feed cost was verified without feed restriction followed by the levels of 2.75%, 2.50%, 2.25%, and 2.00% BW. The supply of the no feed restriction diet resulted in a performance superior to levels 2.75; 2.50; 2.25; 2.00% BW. The items profit, profitability were similar between all treatments, indicating that, when there is occasional feed shortage, a restriction in the diet supply of up to 2% BW provides economic security to the rural producer.

This study aimed to evaluate the fermentation profile and nutritional value of millet grain silages rehydrated with whey and/or molasses. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replications, with a control treatment (water rehydration), whey rehydration, water rehydration plus molasses (2.5%), and whey plus molasses (2.5%). Lower values of dry matter content (DM = 66.37; 1.55%) were found for the control silage, but within the recommended range. The contents of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin and hemicellulose were not influenced by the use of additives. There was no difference (p>0.05) for aerobic stability and ammonia-N (6.04%) between treatments. For pH, lower values were observed for silages with molasses. There was a higher concentration (p

Sorghum is a crop of great interest in animal feed in semiarid regions. The environment and nitrogen fertilization can influence its productive potential and nutritional quality. This study aimed to evaluate sorghum biomass genotypes associated or not with Azospirillum brasilense managed at different sowing sites on the yield and nutritional value of silage. We evaluated 3 sorghum genotypes combined with 3 fertilization strategies using urea, Azospirillum brasilense and the urea/A brasilense combination in two planting sites (Janaúba, MG, and Montes Claros, MG). A randomized block design was carried out in a 3 x 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of 3 genotypes, 3 fertilization strategies and 2 sowing sites. Azospirillum brasilense foliar spraying was carried out using a costal (Backpack) atomizer and for silage production, PVC silos with weight and length of 50 cm and 10 cm in diameter were used. There was no triple interaction between the studied variables. There were differences between genotypes and between sites for agronomic traits. Statistical differences were detected between genotypes and sites for chemical composition, and sorghum forage on digestibility evaluations. The region of Montes Claros has greater forage production and the region of Janaúba has better quality of silage. Biomass sorghum genotypes have higher forage production and the Volumax genotype has better silage quality.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrate supplementation strategies to lactating F1 Holstein x Zebu cows managed on deferred signal grass pasture on milk yield, composition and body weight gain. Thirty-six F1 Holstein x Zebu cows with average days in milk of 102 ± 10 and body weight of 501 ± 19 kg were allotted to a 4 x 5 completely randomized factorial design, with four feeding strategies and five weeks of evaluation. The treatments consisted of four nutritional strategies: deferred pasture as a source of roughage + 700 grams of protein supplement (PDPI); deferred pasture as a source of roughage + 1,200 grams of protein supplement (PDPII); deferred pasture + 15 kilograms of corn silage (natural basis) + 1,200 grams of protein supplement (PDSP) and corn silage (ad libitum) + 700 grams of protein supplement (CSS). There was no interaction (P = 0.99) between supplementation strategies and test days on milk yield and chemical composition. The mean milk yield of cows managed on PDPI, PDPII and PDSP was 11.50 kg/day (P > 0.05), which was 14.30% lower than that of cows managed on CSS. Fat content (P < 0.01), protein (P < 0.01), lactose (P < 0.01), defatted dry extract (DDE) (P< 0 .01), total solids (P < 0.01) and milk casein (P < 0.01) were affected by different supplementation strategies. F1 Holstein x Zebu cows on deferred Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk pasture and supplemented with concentrate maintains milk production at 11.50 kg with normal composition, maintaining satisfactory body weight and condition score.

Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar o desempenho produtivo e valor nutricional da forragem de cultivares de trigo e triticale em diferentes épocas de colheita no semiárido Mineiro. Foram avaliados oito cultivares de trigo e duas cultivares de triticale colhidas em três estádios de desenvolvimento das plantas: no Emborrachamento, grão no estádio de massa macia e maturação de colheita. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 10×3, com três repetições sendo 10 cultivares e 3 estádios de desenvolvimento para colheita das plantas. Foram avaliadas as principais características agronômicas e o valor nutricional da forragem das cultivares em estudo. A pesquisa demonstrou o potencial do cultivo do trigo e triticale para forragem no semiárido de Minas Gerais. A produtividade média de matéria seca das cultivares de trigo foi de 5,90 t ha-1, 7,85 t ha-1 e 7,98 t ha-1 e triticale 6,47 t ha-1, 9,97 t ha-1 e 10,5 t ha-1 para os estádios de colheita de emborrachamento, grão no estádio de massa macia e maturação de colheita respectivamente. Para os teores médios de proteína bruta as cultivares de trigo apresentaram 15,07%, 9,13%, 10,60% e as cultivares de triticale 14,4%, 9,31% e 10,05% para os estádios de colheita de emborrachamento, grão no estádio de massa macia e maturação de colheita respectivamente. Ao se avaliar os teores médios de nutrientes digestíveis totais as cultivares de trigo e triticale apresentaram média de 48,90% e 48,67% no estádio de colheita de emborrachamento, 42,68% e 49,60% no grão no estádio de massa macia e 44,43% e 42,90% na maturação de colheita. A maior produtividade de matéria seca digestível foi observada com as cultivares colhidas no estádio de grão no estádio de massa macia. O Triticale IPR 111 e o Trigo IPR PANATY tiveram maior potencial produtivo e melhor qualidade nutricional para uso como forragem.

Objetivou-se avaliar aspectos qualitativos e nutricionais da silagem de capim-elefante cv. BRS capiaçu com proporções crescentes de algodão-de-seda. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco (0, 15; 30; 45; 60% na base da matéria natural) diferentes proporções de inclusão do algodão-de-seda à silagem de capim-elefante cv. BRS Capiaçu e quatro repetições. As silagens foram confeccionadas em silos de PVC e permaneceram ensiladas por 42 dias. A inclusão do algodão-de-seda resultou em redução linear nos teores de matéria seca (MS), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), celulose e fibra em detergente neutro indigestível (FDNi) em 0,06, 0,30, 0,23, 0,20 e 0,09 pontos percentuais para cada 1% de inclusão, respectivamente. Houve efeito linear crescente da proteína bruta (PB) e nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT), com incremento de 39,32 e 20,89% da menor à maior proporção de inclusão do algodão-de-seda à silagem do capim-elefante cv. BRS Capiaçu. O potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), perdas por gases (PG), perdas por efluentes (PE), recuperação de matéria seca (RMS), hemicelulose e lignina não foram influenciados pelos níveis de inclusão avaliados apresentando médias estimadas de 3,87, 1,42%, 11,55kg t-1 de MN, 97,36%, 19,30% e 7,20%, respectivamente. Foi observado efeito linear crescente para fração a, c, degradabilidade efetiva (DE) (2% e 5%) da matéria seca, com incremento de 0,05, 0,0005, e 0,11 pontos percentuais, respectivamente. Houve efeito quadrático para fração b, degradabilidade potencial (DP), DE (2%), com pontos de mínima de 23,72%, 50,52%, (no nível de 45 % de inclusão) 39,69%, (no nível de 15 % de inclusão) respectivamente. A fração indigestível (FI) apresentou efeito quadrático com máxima de 49,48% no nível de 45% de inclusão. O tempo de colonização (TC) reduziu linearmente em 0,09 pontos percentuais para cada 1% de inclusão avaliada. De acordo com os parâmetros avaliados, a inclusão de até 60% de algodão-de-seda à silagem de capim-elefante cv. BRS capiaçu favorece os aspectos nutricionais e o valor nutritivo das mesmas.

This trial aimed to analyze the replacement of forage sorghum silage (FS silage) with biomass sorghum silage (BRS 716 silage) in diets for heifers ¾ Holstein x ¼ Zebu on their nutrient intake and digestibility, nitrogen balance, microbial production, feeding behavior, and animal performance. Eight heifers with average age 18±4 months (mo) and average body weight (BW) 271 ± 57 kg were used. The experimental design was double-Latin square, 4×4, being four diets, four experimental periods and four animals. Four experimental diets with 0, 33, 67 and 100% substitution of forage sorghum silage with biomass sorghum silage were used. The roughage:concentrate ratio in the total dry matter (DM) of the diets was 75:25. The fraction “b” of DM was higher in the BRS 716 silage. There was no difference (p> 0.05) for dry matter intake (DMI; p = 0.45) and total digestible nutrients intake (p = 0.76). The dry matter digestibility (DMD), crude protein, ether extract and neutral detergent fiber increased linearly with the inclusion of BRS 716 silage. The feeding times, ruminating and idle have not been changed (p > 0.05). The replacement of FS silage with BRS 716 silage did not modify the average daily weight gain (ADG; p > 0.05; mean 1.30 ± 0.025 kg). Biomass sorghum silage can replace up to 100% forage sorghum silage in the diets of ¾ Holstein x ¼ Zebu heifers.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the BRS capiaçu grass silage combined with different hays of banana crop residue on fermentation profile, aerobic stability and nutritional value. The treatments consisted of elephant grass cv. BRS capiaçu (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) ensiled with 37.44% banana peel hay, 36.06% banana pseudostem hay and 37.00% banana leaf hay, on a dry matter (DM) basis and control silage (no additive). The experimental design used was completely randomized, with five treatments and five replicates. Forage was collected when it reached 3.5 meters in height (90 days). Experimental PVC silos of known weight, 50 cm long, 10 cm diameter, were used for silage making. For all treatments, silage aerobic stability breakdown started after 64 hours exposure to air. The BRS capiaçu grass control silage or silage combined with pseudostem hay (mean of 73.15 kg t GM-1) presented effluent losses 40.46% higher than those observed for BRS capiaçu grass silage + banana leaf hay and 69.17% in relation the BRS capiaçu grass silage + banana peel hay. The inclusion of banana crop residue (hay) when ensiling BRS capiaçu grass decreased 13.93% gas losses compared to the control silage (mean of 3.11% DM). Higher values of total digestible nutrients, metabolizable energy and digestible energy content was found in BRS capiaçu grass silage + with banana peel hay. The greater in vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility was observed for BRS capiaçu grass silage combined with pseudostem hay. The inclusion of 37.44% banana peel hay improves the fermentation profile and aerobic stability of BRS capiaçu grass silage.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rehydration with water or acid whey, as well as the effects of bacterial-enzymatic inoculant on fermentation losses, aerobic stability, and chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of corn grain silages. The treatments consisted of corn kernels (Zea mays) ground through a 3-mm sieve and rehydrated with chlorine-free water or unsalted whey (NaCl) combined or not with bacterial-enzymatic inoculant. This was a 2 x 2 factorial completely randomized design with sources of rehydration (water or whey) and absence and presence of bacterial-enzymatic inoculant with eight replications. Water and acid whey were added to ground corn with 12% moisture in order to increase it to 35%. Rehydrated corn was ensiled in Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) minisilos and stored for 60 d. The bacterial-enzymatic inoculant used was composed of Lactobacillus curvatus, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. buchneri, L. lactis, Pediococcus acidilactici, Propionibacterium acidipropionici and Enterococcus faecium, in concentrations of 1010 CFU g-1 and 5% cellulose-based enzyme complex. The aerobic exposure of silages was evaluated for 120 hours. There was interaction (P = 0.02) between the sources of rehydration and the use or not of the inoculant on the values of silage temperature during aerobic exposure. There was a difference for dry matter (DM) losses (P=0.38) between rehydrated corn silages with and without inoculant. DM losses were 37.51% higher in silage without inoculant compared to silage with inoculant (3.84% DM). There was no difference between the sources of rehydration on DM losses (P = 0.39), with a mean value of 4.99%. Corn rehydration using acid whey (P < 0.01) increased 2.19% and 31.36% DM and ash content compared to water, an average of 66.14% and 1.28%, respectively. There was no interaction (P = 0.30) between the sources of rehydration and the use of inoculants on the in vitro digestibility of DM (mean of 79.26%). The use of the bacterial-enzymatic inoculant improved the fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability and nutritional value of corn grain silage rehydrated with water or whey.

The objective was to evaluate the structural, yield and nutritional characteristics of biomass sorghum BRS 716 managed in different row planting spacing and harvest age in a semiarid region of Brazil. Three row spacing (45, 70 and 90 cm; plots) and four maturity at harvest (70, 100, 130 and 160 days; subplots) were evaluated following a randomized block design in a 3 x 4 split plot arrangement, with eight blocks. The useful area was 3 x 15 m. Variation in soil fertility in the area was the blocking factor. There was interaction between row spacing and maturity at harvest (P < 0.05) on plant height (P = 0.01), dry matter yield (DMY; P < 0.01) and proportion of senescent material (P = 0.01). The DMY observed at the age of 160 days and spacing of 90 cm was 41.40% higher than the DMY at the same age and in spacings of 45 and 70 cm (mean of 21.45 t/ha). As the maturity at harvest increased, there was a reduction in the crude protein content (P < 0.01), potential degradability (P < 0.01) and effective degradability (P < 0.01) of dry matter, and the content of non-fiber carbohydrates (P < 0.01), total digestible nutrients (P < 0.01) and the readily soluble fraction (P < 0.01) of the dry matter increased. Considering the yield and nutritional characteristics of biomass sorghum BRS 716 managed in the semiarid region for silage production, the row spacing of 90 cm and the maturity at harvest of 160 days after planting are recommended.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two grazing management strategies on structural, productive and nutritional parameters of Marandu grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu). A completely randomized block design with two pasture management strategies and eight replications (blocks) was used. The grazing management strategies were: (1) low intensity rotational grazing (LI), with a pre-grazing sward height of 40 cm and a post-grazing sward height of 24 cm, i.e., a defoliation intensity of 50%; (2) High intensity rotational grazing (HI), with a pre-grazing sward height of 40 cm and a post-grazing sward height of 10 cm (±70% defoliation intensity). Pastures were sampled before and after grazing for estimation of forage mass, forage accumulation rate, structural characteristics, nutritional value and dry matter intake. The LI strategy resulted in higher dry matter production than HI before (18.33%) and after grazing (49.06%), increasing pre-grazing forage density by 13.21% (P < 0.05). The production of potentially digestible dry matter was highest (P < 0.05) in LI strategy (21.3% before and 39.6% after grazing, respectively). Higher post-grazing green forage mass (45%) increased the residual crude protein in LI. The LI management strategy increased forage mass production and can be used in Marandu grass pastures.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of bacterial-enzymatic inoculants with different concentrations of fibrolytic enzymes on the fermentation quality and nutritional value of the silage of BRS capiaçu grass. Two bacterial-enzymatic inoculants with different levels of enzyme complex were evaluated (Silotrato® (5%) and Biotrato® (8%)) and control silage (without additive) according to a completely randomized design with eight replicates. To evaluate the silage aerobic stability, a completely randomized split plot design was used with three treatments (plots) and seven times after opening (subplots). There was no interaction between treatments and times after opening on values of pH (P=0.79). Regarding bacterial-enzymatic inoculants, the silage pH was 21.66% and 16.16% higher in silage without additive (mean of 6.00) compared to silage with 5% and 8% enzyme complex (P < 0.01). There was no difference between treatments on pH (P = 0.08), lactic acid (p = 0.08) and acetic acid (p = 0.64), means of 3.11, 47.31 g dry matter (DM)-1 and 11.19 g DM-1, respectively. There was no difference between treatments for any of the chemical composition variables (P = 0.86). Mean values for DM, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and total digestible nutrients were 22.31%, 6.65%, 71.15% and 42.07%, respectively. There was a higher concentration of butyric acid in the control silage compared to Silotrato® silage. The control silage and silage treated with Biotrato® presented effluent losses (P = 0.05) 13.99% higher than silage with Silotrato®. For ensiling BRS capiaçu grass, it is recommended to use lactic acid bacteria containing 5% fibrolytic enzymes.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, pH and rumen degradability of banana tree pseudostems pre-dried and ammoniated with different doses of urea (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% in natural matter). The experiment consisted of five treatments (doses of urea) with six replications, following a completely randomized design. There was a linear increase in the pH (P < 0.01) of the banana tree pseudostems pre dried with the inclusion of urea. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in dry matter, ash, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin, non-fibrous carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients; the averages were 31.58, 18.82, 46.43, 9.30, 11.87 and 42.52%, respectively. The inclusion of 2% urea increased the crude protein content (P < 0.01) by 42.75%, the soluble fraction "a" by 31.82%, and the potential and effective degradability of dry matter by 15.49% compared to that of the control group (without urea). The potentially degradable fraction, time of colonization and ruminal repletion of the neutral detergent fiber of the pre-dried banana tree pseudostems were not altered with the inclusion of urea (P > 0.05). The ammonization of the pre-dried banana tree pseudostems with 2% of urea improved the chemical composition and rumen degradability of the dry matter.

This study aimed to evaluate the best level of inclusion of crude glycerin in elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) silage on fermentative profile, chemical composition and ruminal degradation of dry matter and fiber fraction in elephant grass silages. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design being used elephant grass cv. Napier with four levels of inclusion of glycerin (1, 5, 10, 15% in natural matter) with six repetitions and the control treatment (exclusive silage elephant grass). Increasing linear effect was observed for each unit added glycerin percentage in natural matter (MN) an increase of 0.36% in the DM content of silages and increase of 0.32% in the ether extract. The fermentative quality of silage there was no difference in pH between the control silage and added with glycerine, with an average of 3.91. The degradability of the fiber, the addition of crude glycerin up to 15% increased by 7.2%; 53.8% and 36.5%, respectively, the insoluble fraction, but potentially degradable standardized "bp", degradation rate of the fraction "bp", "c" and effective degradability, respectively. Inclusion of 15% glycerin in natural matter improves the composition bromatological fermentative profile and ruminal degradation of dry matter and fiber fraction.

Objetivou-se avaliar a degradabilidade ruminal da matéria seca, proteína bruta e fração fibrosa de alguns coprodutos de oleaginosas. Os coprodutos de oleaginosas avaliados foram: Farelo de Girassol, Torta de Algodão e Torta de Mamona. O ensaio de degradabilidade ruminal foi conduzido seguindo o delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas com três tratamentos (parcelas) e sete tempos de incubações (subparcelas) e seis blocos (animais. A fração prontamente solúvel da matéria seca do farelo de girassol foi 35,0 % superior em relação à mesma fração dos coprodutos torta de algodão e torta de mamona (média 24,46%; P < 0,01). A maior degradabilidade potencial da proteína bruta (P < 0,01) foi verificada na torta de mamona (96,90%; taxa de passagem de 5%). O farelo de girassol apresentou menor fração insolúvel potencialmente degradável da fração fibrosa, 34,4%, em relação à torta de algodão e torta de mamona que apresentaram média de 64,4% e 39,4%, respectivamente (P < 0,01). O farelo de girassol apresentou maior degradabilidade efetiva da fibra (25,2%). O farelo de girassol apresentou melhores valores dos parâmetros ruminais da matéria seca, proteína bruta e fibra em detergente neutro em relação aos demais coprodutos.

The objective was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of acetic acid during the ensiling of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) on fermentation quality and nutritional value. The treatments consisted of sugarcane silages, variety (IAC 86-2480) additives with four inclusion levels of glacial acetic acid (1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 % in natural matter) plus the control. A completely randomized design was used, being 5 treatments and 6 replicates. The glacial acetic acid showed a pH 2.9 (0,1M). There was a reduction of 0.07 units in the pH of the sugarcane silage for each 1% inclusion of acetic acid (P < 0.01). The N-NH3 concentration was not modified in the ensiled mass of the treatments, with a mean of 0.45% in dry matter (P =0.91). The averages of effluent losses were adjusted to the quadratic regression model with the application of acetic acid (P < 0.01). There was a reduction in the yeast population in the order of 0.44 log UFC/g of silage (P < 0.01). The addition of acetic acid in sugarcane silage reduces fermentative losses, the yeast population and improves the nutritional value in doses from 1.5% of natural matter.

Objetivou-se avaliar a produtividade, composição químico-bromatológica, degradabilidade ruminal da matéria seca e digestibilidade do Capim-Elefante-BRS capiaçu (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) manejado em cinco idades de rebrota. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com dez repetições, na cultivar BRS capiaçu de capim-elefante submetida a cinco intervalos de corte (30, 60, 90, 120 e 150 dias) no verão, perfazendo um total de 50 parcelas com área útil de 4 x 2 m. Foram verificados incrementos diários na produção de matéria seca na ordem de 382 kg ha-1, sendo 49.859 kg ha-1 a produção aos 150 dias de rebrota. O teor de matéria seca e matéria orgânica aumentaram (P < 0,01) linearmente nas diferentes idades de rebrota. O teor de proteína bruta, digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca e digestibilidade in vitro da fibra em detergente neutro reduziram (P < 0,01) linearmente de 0.037%, 0.196% e 0.256% por dia, respectivamente. A degradabilidade potencial da matéria seca reduziu de 68.9% aos 30 dias para 44.7% com 150 dias de rebrota (0.194 unidades percentuais por dia). A taxa de degradação da fração B ‘c’ não foi modificada (P=0.94), média de 1.46% hora-1. No cultivo do Capim-Elefante BRS capiaçu na estação verão, na região norte de Minas Gerais, recomenda-se a idade para colheita entre 90 e 120 dias de rebrota.

The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the characteristics of the carcasses and meat of feedlot lambs that received diets supplemented with sunflower cake; correlations among the variables were also performed. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four treatments (sunflower cake added at 0, 10, 20, and 30% dry matter to the base diet) and seven replications per treatment. The diets were formulated with genotypes of Cynodon hay and corn- and soybean meal-based concentrate that were premixed at the ratio of 50:50 (hay:concentrate) and were fed to the lambs in two portions daily at 08:00 and 14:00. The feed conversion of the animals was adversely affected (P

This study aimed to evaluate animal performance and economic performance of feedlot crossbred lambs (½ Santa Inês+ ½ Suffolk) fed different diets based on hay from Cynodon dactylon genotypes, through the use of financial measures considering only the period of confinement, without relating it to the complete management cycle. A total of 30 intact crossbred Suffolk lambs, identified with earrings, with an average age of 90 days and an average body weight of 21.5 kg were used in this study. Diets were formulated using as treatments a standard concentrate and hay of the Cynodon dactylon genotypes Jiggs, Vaquero, Tifton 68, Coast-Cross, Tifton 85 and Russell in a 60:40 forage-to-concentrate ratio. The treatments were distributed in a randomized complete block design with five replicates. There were significant differences between diets in terms of total expenditure on food, and the highest values were obtained for the Jiggs genotype (BRL 48.96/animal). The animals fed diets based on Tifton 68 hay had a higher rate of return (2.16%) and profitability (34.63%) compared to the other diets. The use of diets based on Tifton 68 hay for feedlot lambs in the finishing phase brings higher economic returns compared to the remaining diets.

This study aimed to evaluate the kinetics of dry matter degradation and neutral detergent fiber of banana peel treated with limestone. The banana peel has been acquired from a candy manufacturer that after washing with chlorinated water to 1% and pulp removal was discarded. The banana peel in nature was treated with 1, 2, 3 and 4% of limestone in the natural matter, homogenized and pre-dried in the sun for 120 hours. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized experimental design, with five treatments (0 (control), 1, 2, 3 and 4% inclusion of limestone) with 3 repetitions. The dry matter potential degradability, showed no difference (P>0.05) in the levels compared to the control with an average of 67.58%. The insoluble degradation fraction rate of dry matter and the fiber fraction did not differ (P> 0.05) between levels and control. In relation to effective degradability of neutral detergent fiber, there was an increase of 3.47% for each percentage unit increased limestone. In relation to the ruminal degradation parameters of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber is not recommended the utilization of limestone as an additive in the treatment of banana peel.

Objetivou-se avaliar o melhor nível de inclusão de glicerina bruta em silagens de capim elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) sobre o perfil fermentativo, composição bromatológica e degradação ruminal da matéria seca e fração fibrosa. O experimento foi realizado em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado sendo utilizado o capim-elefante cv. Napier com quatro níveis de inclusão de glicerina (1, 5, 10, 15% na matéria natural) com seis repetições e o tratamento controle (silagem exclusiva de capim-elefante). Foi observado efeito linear crescente para cada unidade percentual de glicerina adicionada na matéria natural (MN) com incremento de 0,36% no teor de MS das silagens e aumento de 0,32% no extrato etéreo. Quanto a qualidade fermentativa da silagem não houve diferença nos valores de pH entre a silagem controle e as aditivadas com glicerina, apresentando média de 3,91. Quanto à degradabilidade da fibra, a adição de glicerina bruta em até 15% aumentou 7,2%; 53,8% e 36,5%, respectivamente, a fração insolúvel, mas potencialmente degradável padronizada “Bp”, taxa de degradação da fração “Bp” “c” e degradabilidade efetiva, respectivamente. A inclusão de 15% da glicerina na matéria natural melhora a composição bromatológica, perfil fermentativo e degradação ruminal da matéria seca e fração fibrosa.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate yield, fatty acid profile, physical, chemical and sensory composition of Minas fresh cheese made with milk from cows fed diets containing different sources of nitrogen compounds (soybean meal, urea, sunflower meal and detoxified castor bean meal). Eight F1 Holstein/Zebu cows with average production of 20 kg milk corrected to 3.5% fat day-1 were distributed in two 4 × 4 Latin squares, consisting of four treatments (diets), four animals and four experimental periods. Cheese was produced on the last day of each experimental period. The physical and chemical composition, yield and texture of cheese were similar between diets. The used diets influenced the concentration of fatty acid C11:0, which was higher for diets with soybean meal and sunflower meal; C18:2 C9-T11 (CLA) was higher for diets with urea, soybean meal and sunflower meal and C20:3 for diets with soybean meal and urea. For the other saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, differences were not detected. Different sources of nitrogen compounds in the diet for cows with average production of 20 kg milk corrected to 3.5% fat day-1 have no effect on the physical or chemical composition, yield, as well as acceptance of Minas fresh cheese. However, it can influence the fatty acid profile in the cheese fat.

Objective of this work by evaluating the effect of nitrogen on forage yield and morphogenesis of elephant grass cv. Pioneer. The experimental design was randomized blocks with five replications, totaling 20 experimental units. Treatments consisted of four nitrogen levels (100, 200, 300 and 400 kg ha-1 yr-1). The experiment was conducted under irrigated conditions. Evaluative cuts were made at 50 cm soil with values of light interception (95%) without pre-defined intervals. It was observed that N fertilization increased significantly (P

This study aimed to evaluate ruminal kinetics of five genotypes of Cynodon (Tifton 85, Jiggs, Russell, Tifton 68 and Vaqueiro), harvested, aged 28, 48, 63 and 79 days with potential for haymaking. For in situ was used three steers with rumen cannulae, with incubation times of 96, 72, 48, 12, 6 and 0 hours. We used a randomized block design in split plots (grass as plots and subplots as the cut time) with three replications. Decreased (P

The objective of this study was to evaluate the rate of leaf appearance, leaf elongation rate, number of green leaves, length of blade and stem of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu under different nitrogen levels and two residue heights. A randomized block design was used in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme, four doses of nitrogen (100, 200, 300 and 400 kg N ha-1 year-1) and two residue heights (5 and 15 cm). There was significant interaction between residue height and nitrogen levels for leaf appearance rate (P> 0.05) of signal grass, which was influenced negatively and linearly (P< 0.05) by the residue heights being observed an average reduction of 28.20% from lower to higher residue. There was no interaction (P> 0.05) between the levels of nitrogen x residue height on the number of green leaves. The dosage that provided the highest stalk in the residue height of 5 cm was of 271.5 kg N ha -1. An increase of 0.0745 cm tiller -1 day-1 for 1 kg of N ha -1 applied to height of 15 cm of residue was observed. Nitrogen fertilization contributes positively to growth and development of rates of appearance and leaf extension. The management of pasture of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu with 5 cm of residue and fertilization with 100 kg N ha -1 provided better answer morphogenic traits.

This study aimed to evaluate body morphometry and qualitative traits of carcasses and meat of lambs in a feedlot, fed hay Cynodon genotypes: Jiggs, Vaquero, Tifton 68, Coast -Cross, Tifton 85 and Russel. The diets had forage to concentrate ratio of 60:40 for all levels of performance. The experimental design was a randomized block design with 6 treatments and 5 animals per treatment, randomly assigned according to body weight. There was no significant difference in slaughter weight, yield of carcass muscle and hot, with average values of 33.67 kg, 42.74 and 53.20%, respectively. There was a significant difference for heart girth and length of carcass, where the animals of the treatment Jiggs had greater in vivo measurements (78.40 and 67.60 cm, respectively). To the perimeter of leg, carcasses relating to Russel and Vaquero treatments had lesser extent. Lambs supplemented with hay Cynodon had potential for production of carcasses and meat quality.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of Agrotechnological two varieties of cane sugar influenced by different times of deletions irrigation and fertilization levels. The characteristics evaluated were: plant height (m), stem diameter (mm), number of tillers m- 1, Brix broth, sugar cane Pol, Pol broth, Sugar reducer, and overall productivity. The experiment was conducted in the Experimental Farm area Unimontes in Janaúba in northern Minas Gerais. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replications in a split plot (2 x 3 x 6) , two varieties of cane sugar, RB85 and 5453 SP80 1816, three different times suppression of irrigation (DIAP) and six different levels of NK fertilization. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, and when significant differences were the F test was performed to compare the means by Scott Knott (p

It was aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of grass silage-mombasa associated with different additives in four times of opening the silo. The experiment was conducted in UFGD. After harvesting the forage, biomass in natura crushed, was taken to the lab, homogenized and enriched on the basis of natural mass, with the following additives: 5% wheat bran, 5% of waste (broken grain and soy ice cream cone) of soybean, 5% urea in natural matter and the witness (without additive).The silos were opened after (unprocessed material), 15, 30 and 45 days, for the analysis of chemical composition. The data obtained were analyzed through the statistical programme SISVAR and averages were compared to 5% of probability, by Skott-Knot. The grass silage- mombasa without additive presented major (P0.05) of grass silage- mombasa associated with 5 of urea in 15 days and 45 of silage. The grass silage-mombasa with 5% urea showed the highest crude protein content at time 0 and differed from other treatments. The silage of mombasa associated with 5% urea provided greater in vitro digestibility of dry matter to 15 days of silage.