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The concept of Limited Liability Companies is undoubtedly affected by the changes that take place. This essay will examine this issue by focusing on a few key points, contrasting the Job Creation Law and the Limited Liability Company Law from an institutional standpoint. The research's findings indicate that the idea of a company has changed. Article 1 of Law No. 40 of 2007 was amended, and the new basis is now contained in Article 109 number 1 of Law No. 6 of 2023. For this reason, the government wants to provide space for MSEs to establish business entities in the form of Individual Companies, so the government must also be consistent, namely by creating norms that differentiate the structure of Capital Partnership Companies from Individual Companies.

The background to writing this journal is the importance of legal aid for civil servants. Where legal aid is exercised as the legal basis for legal aid, the right to legal aid itself must be guaranteed. This is in accordance with the 1945 Constitution. Article 27 (1) states that all citizens have equal status in law and government and are obliged to uphold the law and government without exception. Section 28D (1) entitles every human being to recognition, security, protection, fair legal certainty and equal treatment before the law (just and impartial courts). This study is a normative study that analyzes descriptively, using legal approaches, existing theories and expert opinion, to address the main controversial issue, namely when to seek legal assistance. The purpose is to find and answer the rights of civil servants. Legal aid is a means of upholding human rights values to create the rule of law. As a democracy based on the rule of law and in defense of human rights, everyone has the right to equal treatment and protection of the law. Civil servants are also entitled to legal assistance in accordance with the rule of law when needed. This study is very important given that governments have a duty to protect public servants in the form of legal aid. From this, it can be concluded that the civil servants right to legal aid under Article 106 of Law No. 5 of 2014 relates to the State Code of Civil Procedure. Article 308 Decree No. 11 Year 2017 on Management of Civil Servants shall only apply if the case is accepted by the court and there are limits/restrictions on the case. This is included in Social Assistance Legal Aid as the right to social assistance granted to civil servants is the right to receive social assistance which is part of the framework of social protection provided by the government to civil servants.

One of the elements that determine whether growth is successful or unsuccessful is how the business world is developing. The government has a responsibility to provide direction and guidance in the context of developing the business world and establishing an environment that is favorable to business and promotes economic growth. Protection extends to third parties connected to a limited liability company, such as debtors, creditors, and investors, as well as to legal topics related to the formation or dissolution of a limited liability company. The presence of this legal protection will affect legal certainty, which will eventually speed up the rotation of the national economy's wheels. As required by Article 33 of the Republic of Indonesia's 1945 Constitution, the nation's economy was to be realized by Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Businesses. The Legislation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 40 was in effect for 9 (nine) years. A number of flaws or gaps in the law governing limited liability companies were discovered in 2007 and must be promptly addressed through replacement to support changes in the global economy. The Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 40 of 2007 governing limited liability companies needs to be replaced for a number of reasons, including to recognize private limited liability companies as legitimate legal entities and to address the findings of the Ease of Doing Business (EODB) survey. The foundation for a limited liability company's formation, the capital structure, and the presence of a board of commissioners are issues related to a limited liability company as a legal entity, and up until now, legal smuggling has frequently happened. The main and secondary data used in this legal study, which uses a normative juridical approach, are analyzed using quantitative analysis. The activity of creating a legal subject in the form of a legal entity in the form of a capital partnership established based on an agreement as stated in the deed of establishment of a limited liability company made through a notarial deed, as a vehicle for people to carry out business acts, is the conclusion of research on the nature of the establishment of a limited liability company in Article 7 paragraph (1) of Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning limited liability companies.

Printing companies play a central role in the exercise of general elections. However, there have been some issues in the number of printed ballot papers not relevant to the quantity requested by the General Election Commission, and this situation is considered election crime. Article 529 of Election Law implies that the printing company concerned may be subject to imprisonment or fines, but the legislation declares that a jail sentence cannot be imposed on the company. Departing from this issue, this research aims to analyze and find the ratio legis of criminalization of a printing company responsible for producing ballot papers for general elections. With a normative method and statutory, conceptual, and historical approaches, the research discovers that a lack of inaccuracy of drafters in the making of an academic draft on elections, where the drafters ruled out the notions of experts of criminal law and Supreme Court as delivered in a legislation-making session, seemingly gives Article 529 impunity. That is, the criminal sanction that should be imposed on a printing company following ballot paper manufacturing issues governed in Article 529 of Election Law does not guarantee any legal certainty and democratic general elections with integrity. The sanctions imposed on the company concerned should only be restricted to administrative measures like fines and no incarceration should be involved.

Legal protection of the rights of outsourced workers is not just a legal issue, but a right that must be obtained by workers according to the mandate in the legislation, these rights are in the form of work and decent wages, social security, severance pay, and work safety. Although some of the rights have been listed in the labor regulations, these regulations have not yet fully contained and regulated the fulfillment of workers' rights, especially in practice that has not fully protected the rights of outsourced workers in a just and constitutional manner. This research uses a normative juridical method with a statutory, conceptual, historical approach, with primary legal materials namely the 1945 Constitution, Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower jo. Law No. 11 of 2020 on Job Creation, Government Regulation No. 35 of 2021 and ILO conventions. The results of the study indicate that the violation of the rights of outsourced workers is in fact still ongoing by providing substandard wages and unilateral layoffs by employers. Internationally, the ILO conventions have regulated the application of the protection of basic workers' rights, namely the abolition of forced labor and the provision of decent wages, this convention has also been ratified in Indonesian laws and regulations, thus various labor regulations should be a preventive measure as an optimization legal protection for workers so that the welfare of workers nationally and internationally can be achieved.

In Indonesia, the system of outsourcing work is not a recent development. Contract labor has really been used in numerous plantations on the islands of Java and Sumatra since the Dutch colonial era to execute this system. When the New Order administration was in power, outsourcing was implemented by offering rewards for making it easier for businesses operating in unionized areas to obtain business licenses (export processing zones). Many nations have long used a variety of models to practice the working relationship with outsourcing. In contrast, it is practically quite similar to Indonesia's employment relationship practice of the charter. Unquestionably, this kind of work practice is now required. Singapore is a developed nation in Asia, particularly Southeast Asia, with effective labor laws. Singapore's judicial system treats its residents with a decent amount of impartiality and fairness. The Singapore Employment Act, the Immigration Act, and the Labor Guidelines are only a few of the laws that regulate foreign employees in all ways. Only the Philippines and Indonesia in Asia have severe limitations on the use of contracting and outsourcing. The research's methodology is normative juridical, with the philosophical, comparative, and historical manner of approaching law. In order to execute outsourcing procedures without causing controversy, especially if it is harmful to workers/labor, there are a number of conditions that must be met. This is true for both Singapore and Indonesia. Improving the quality of the workforce, tough law enforcement against infractions, ensuring easy access to the labor market, and providing social protection mechanisms for workers/laborers who are not absorbed in the labor market must all be done in conjunction with the practice of outsourcing. Additionally, it's crucial to consider the bargaining position between groups of companies and labor unions, especially when negotiations take place at the corporate level.

When a man and a woman who are both legal subjects are married, there are legal ramifications. Property rights are among the effects of marriage legally speaking. Articles 35 and 36 of Law Number One Year 1974 Concerning Marriage (henceforth referred to as UUP), which declare that assets in marriage are divided into two categories: personal assets or assets, and shared assets, provide an important point. Personal assets or inherited assets are any assets acquired by the husband or wife before to their marriage, including those obtained as gifts or inheritances. The husband and/or wife's assets acquired while they were married are regarded as joint assets. The husband or wife may act alone with regard to personal property, but they may not act jointly without the other's approval with regard to joint property. The results of this study indicate that a married couple's Limited Liability Company is legitimate as a legal entity since it complies with the requirement of Article 1 number 1 of the Law on Limited Liability Companies that it be created by at least 2 (two) people. This only holds true for the husband and wife's intrinsic assets (assets acquired before marriage, including inheritance, grants, and gifts), whereas joint assets (assets acquired after marriage, excluding inheritance, grants, and gifts) from the husband and wife can only be utilized to form a limited liability corporation if a marriage agreement has been formed.

Extraordinary crimes are crimes against conscience, against human values, and capable of threatening world peace, security, and prosperity. The concept of this crime is based on the concept of international law and then modified according to the needs and formulation of crimes that exist in Indonesia into human rights crimes, narcotics crimes, and crimes against child sexuality. In the United Nations Convention Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, and also in the United Nations Convention against illicit traffic in narcotics and psychotropic drugs in 1988, both conventions state that narcotics crime is an extraordinary crime. Against narcotics crimes, the Indonesian government carries out the function of criminal policy through the means of penalization in Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics which applies criminal sanctions imposed for drug abuse, namely imprisonment, fines, and even the death penalty. For Narcotics addicts and Narcotics Abuse Victims, it is the person who must be helped, the help here is the rehabilitation process itself, namely medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation. The application of an integrated assessment towards the determination of rehabilitation is alternative law enforcement with a restorative justice pattern against abusers, victims, and narcotics addicts. This research is legal research using a normative juridical approach, the data used are primary data and secondary data which are analyzed using quantitative analysis.

Although narcotics are indispensable for treatment and health services, if they are misused or used not under treatment standards, it will create narcotics abuse. Narcotics addicts and Narcotics Abuse Victims are the ones who must be helped, the help here is the rehabilitation process itself, namely medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation. It can be said, Narcotics Addicts and Narcotics Abuse Victims must be protected, Narcotics Abuse is better rehabilitated than imprisoned, as a treatment and recovery effort for Narcotics Addicts and Narcotics Abuse Victims. Regarding the problem of medical rehabilitation, medical rehabilitation here can be said to be an effort to treat Narcotics Addicts and Victims of Narcotics Abuse. Treatment here is an action carried out by a team of doctors based on an assessment that has been carried out by Narcotics Addicts and Victims of Narcotics Abuse, which is more medical in handling. This research is legal research using a normative juridical approach, the data used are primary data and secondary data which are analyzed using quantitative analysis. The results of the research are: First, Rehabilitation through a legal process is carried out based on the results of an integrated assessment. The integrated assessment is part of the process of law enforcement for the crime of narcotics abuse which provides recommendations to law enforcement whether narcotics abusers can be given rehabilitation measures or not. Second, the handling of narcotics addicts, narcotics abusers, and victims of narcotics abuse is focused on rehabilitation efforts. Separation of the definitions of abusers, addicts, and victims of narcotics abuse needs to be done because this will result in the handling of actions to be taken in the eradication of narcotics.

Various forms of forestry crimes, especially illegal logging crimes committed in the illegal use of timber forest products and other actions in the form of illegal use of forest areas, also contribute to forest degradation and deforestation in Indonesia. Efforts to preserve forest have been realized in Law Number 18 of 2013 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction, which has given authority to the government through the Ministry of Environment and Forestry and the Regional Government where forest areas are located, as well as to the Institute for the Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction in the Law Number 18 of 2013, to carry out investigation activities up to the investigation of criminal acts of forest destruction as stipulated in Article 56 paragraph 1 letter a of Law Number 18 of 2013. The task force carries out strategic forest destruction eradication from investigation to prosecution throughout the territory of the Republic of Indonesia. Indonesia is included in the customs area at the behest of the head of the institution and/or deputies in accordance with the provisions of Article 55 paragraph 5. The authority to prosecute institutions and task forces is not in line. It contains legal implications with other laws, namely Law Number 16 of 2004 concerning the Attorney General's Office of the Republic of Indonesia and Law Number 17 of 2006 concerning Customs. Therefore, it is necessary to reconstruct the prosecution authority by the agency's task force for the Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction in Law Number 18 of 2013.

Research on the Parate of Mortgage Execution by Creditors as an Unlawful Actions, departs from the issues discussed, namely what is the legislative ratio of the Minister of Finance Regulation Number: 27 / PMK.06 / 2016 dated February 22, 2016 regarding instructions for auction implementation, appointing the seller as the authorized party to determine the limit value of the auction price of collateral at the parate auction for the execution of mortgage rights and is the parate for execution of mortgage rights by the seller categorized as an illegal act? The purpose of this research is to analyze and find the legislative ratio of the Minister of Finance Regulation Number: 27 / PMK.06 / 2016 dated February 22, 2016 regarding auction implementation instructions, appointing the seller as the authority to determine the limit value for the auction price of collateral at the parate auction for the execution of mortgage rights. , and parate execution of mortgage rights by the seller is categorized as an act against the law. The research method uses normative legal research, with a statutory approach (statute approach) and a case approach (case approach). The sources of legal materials used consisted of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials, while the analysis of legal materials was carried out in a descriptive qualitative manner. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the seller's legis ratio is the authorized party to set the auction price limit for guaranteed guarantee goods based on the provisions of Article 1 number 28 of the Minister of Finance Regulation No.27 / PMK.06 / 2016 dated February 22, 2016 regarding auction implementation instructions which determines that the minimum price of the goods to be auctioned is determined by the seller, in this case the security right holder. This refers to Article 6 of the UUHT where the first Mortgage holder has the right to sell the object of the Mortgage on his own power through a public auction and to collect his receivables from the sale proceeds. In determining the limit value which is determined based on the results of the appraiser's assessment, where the auction limit value must be at the lowest level in accordance with the liquidation value so that the auction office has the authority to reject the auction application submitted by the seller, if it does not comply with the standards stipulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Finance. No.27 / PMK.06 / 2016, then categorized as an act against the law.

Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Companies has stipulated that the minimum percentage limit for minority shareholding is 10%. This limit causes justice and legal protection for minority shareholders to be neglected. This article aims to discuss the formulation of determining the minimum percentage of minority shareholding that provides justice and legal protection for minority shareholders in future changes to the law. The method used is a normative legal research method with a statute approach and a conceptual approach. The results obtained are the idea of changing the law in the future, namely the formulation of determining the percentage of minority shareholding can use the economies of scale of a Limited Company by using an indicator of the amount of paid-in capital, with this arrangement it is expected to provide justice and legal protection for minority shareholders.