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This paper is the second part of the "Ichthyofauna of the Fresh and Brackish Waters of Russia and Adjacent Areas: Annotated List with Taxonomic Comments", which we started in 2022 based on a critical analysis of scientific publications of the last 200 years, and on the data of the author's research. The current paper includes all currently known fishes of the order Cypriniformes of Russia and adjacent waters, represented by three suborders Catostomoidei, Cobitoidei and Cyprinoidei, comprising ten families, 64 genera and 177 species. The most specious families were the Leuciscidae (59 species/33.3% of all species), Gobionidae (35/19.8%) and Xenocyprididae (23/13.0%), which together represent just over 66% the total cypriniform species. Fourteen of the studied species (24.7% of all cyprinids in Russia) are introduced species, 21 species (11.9%) are endemic; 32 species (18.1%) are recorded from Russia for the first time. In relation to the habitat, 131 species live and breed exclusively in fresh waters, 31 species are of freshwater origin, but can also tolerate slightly brackish waters, ten species are represented by anadromous forms (all with residential populations), and three species are amphidromic, capable of live and reproduce both in brackish water and in freshwater. According to the IUCN criteria, the majority of fish are classified as Least Concern (135 species/76.3%), but two species, Cobitis taurica and Gobio tauricus, are Critically Endangered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A complete annotated list of fresh and brackish waters ichthyofauna of the Russian Federation and adjacent areas, based on a critical analysis of scientific publications of the last 200 years, and on the data of the authors' research, is the aim of this study. The taxonomic composition of the freshwater and brackish water fish fauna of Russia remains insufficiently studied. This may result incorrect data on the true number of fish species of this category, not only for the waters of Russia, but also in the modern system of the world ichthyofauna as a whole, and also does not give a complete idea of the range, degree of endemism, abundance, conservation status, commercial value, and others important aspects. Until the present study, according to various sources, the Russian freshwater and brackish water ichthyofauna was estimated to amount from 351 to 486 species, respectively. However, based on our ongoing research, these numbers are too low and need to be revised. The total species number in all categories should include at least 800 species also including the introduced non-native species, as well as species not yet recorded from Russian waters, but suggested to be found in the future. In this first part of our updated checklist, we provide a basic historical review of ichthyological research in Russia, together with the first 77 species belonging to three classes (Petromyzonti, Elasmobranchii and Actinopteri), ten orders (Petromyzontiformes, Lamniformes, Carcharhiniformes, Squaliformes, Rajiformes, Myliobatiformes, Acipenseriformes, Elopiformes, Anguilliformes and Clupeiformes), nineteen families (Petromyzontidae, Alopiidae, Lamnidae, Triakidae, Carcharhinidae, Sphyrnidae, Somniosidae, Squalidae, Rajidae, Arhynchobatidae, Dasyatidae, Acipenseridae, Polyodontidae, Megalopidae, Anguillidae, Muraenesocidae, Clupeidae, Engraulidae and Pristigasteridae) and 38 genera. For each species, the following details are presented: scientific and English common names, taxonomic position with comments and synonyms (if necessary), conservation status, world distribution, zoogeographic characteristics, distribution in Russian waters and adjacent areas, abundance, and commercial value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]