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1. Atrial fibrillation and flutter and ocular diseases. The Ural eye and medical study and the Ural very old study.

Author

Bikbov, Mukharram M., Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M., Rakhimova, Ellina M., Panda‐Jonas, Songhomitra, Fakhretdinova, Albina A., Tuliakova, Azaliia M., Rusakova, Iulia A., and Jonas, Jost B.

Subjects
*ATRIAL flutter, *ATRIAL fibrillation, *MACULAR degeneration, *ARRHYTHMIA, *CARDIOVASCULAR diseases, *EXFOLIATION syndrome, *NECK pain, *ANKLE brachial index
Abstract

Purpose: To assess associations between atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter (AF) and ocular parameters and diseases. Methods: The population‐based Ural Eye and Medical Study (UEMS) and the Ural Very Old Study (UVOS) included 4894 individuals (age: 40+ years) and 835 individuals (age: 85+ years), respectively. Results: In the UEMS, AF prevalence (80/4894; 1.6%; 95% CI: 1.3, 2.0) increased from 1/1029 (0.1%) in the age group of 40 to <50 years to 29/619 (4.7%) and 12/159 (7.5%) in the age groups of 70 to <80 years and 80+ years, respectively. Higher AF prevalence correlated with older age (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.12; p < 0.001), urban region of habitation (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.12; p < 0.001), higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease/stroke (OR: 2.50; 95% CI: 1.32, 4.72; p < 0.001) and lower prevalence of neck pain (OR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.85; p = 0.02), higher serum concentration of bilirubin (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.05; p < 0.001) and lower prothrombin index (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93, 0.99; p = 0.003), higher stage of arterial hypertension (OR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.28; p = 0.04) and higher ankle‐brachial index (OR: 22.1; 95% CI: 4.45, 1.10; p < 0.001). In that model, AF prevalence was not associated with ocular parameters such as intraocular pressure (p = 0.52), retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (p = 0.70), refractive error (p = 0.13), axial length (p = 0.14), nuclear cataract degree (p = 0.50) and prevalence (p = 0.40), cortical cataract degree (p = 0.43) and presence (p = 0.17), lens pseudoexfoliation (p = 0.58), status after cataract surgery (p = 0.38), age‐related macular degeneration prevalence (p = 0.63), open‐angle glaucoma presence (p = 0.90) and stage (p = 0.55), angle‐closure glaucoma prevalence (p = 0.99) and stage (p = 0.99), diabetic retinopathy prevalence presence (p = 0.37) and stage (p = 0.32), and myopic macular degeneration (p = 0.98). In the UVOS, similar results were obtained. Conclusions: In these multi‐ethnic populations from Russia, AF prevalence was not associated with any major ocular disease and may not play a major role in the pathogenesis of these disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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3. Prevalence, Awareness, and Control of Arterial Hypertension in a Russian Population. The Ural Eye and Medical Study

Author

Bikbov, Mukharram M., Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M., Zainullin, Rinat M., Salavatova, Venera F., Gilmanshin, Timur R., Yakupova, Dilya F., Uzianbaeva, Yulia V., Arslangareeva, Inga I., Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Mukhamadieva, Svetlana R., Khikmatullin, Renat I., Aminev, Said K., Nuriev, Ildar F., Zaynetdinov, Artur F., and Jonas, Jost B.

Subjects
arterial hypertension, Ural Eye and Medical Study, hypertension, population-based study, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, blood pressure, epidemiology, lcsh:RA1-1270, Public Health, elevated blood pressure, Original Research, Russia
Abstract

Background: Applying the criteria recently published by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association for the definition of arterial hypertension, we investigated prevalence and awareness of arterial hypertension in Russia. This new definition differentiates between normal BP [SBP (systolic blood pressure)/DBP (diastolic blood pressure) < 120/80 mmHg], elevated BP (SBP 120–129 mmHg; DBP < 80 mmHg), hypertension stage 1 (SBP 130–139 mmHg or DBP 80–89 mmHg), hypertension stage 2 (SBP ≥ 140 and ≤180 mmHg or DBP ≥ 90 and ≤120 mm Hg) and hypertensive crisis (SBP > 180 mmHg and/or DBP > 120).Methods: The population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study, performed in an urban and rural region in the Russian republic Bashkortostan, included 5,891 (80.5%) individuals aged 40+ years out of 7,328 eligible individuals. The participants underwent a detailed interview and medical examination. Arterial hypertension was defined using the criteria defined by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association.Results: The prevalence of normal blood pressure (BP), elevated BP, hypertension stage 1, stage 2, and hypertensive crisis was 750/5,891 [12.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.7, 5.9], 312/5, 891 (5.3%; 95% CI: 4.7, 5.9), 2,187/5,891 (37.1%; 95% CI: 35.9, 38.4), 2,484/5,891 (42.2%; 95% CI: 40.9, 43.4), and 158/5,891 (2.7%; 95% CI: 2.3, 3.1), respectively. The overall prevalence of elevated BP/hypertension was 5,141/5,891 (87.3%; 95% CI: 86.4, 88.1). Awareness of elevated BP/hypertension was 2,289/5,223 (45.4%; 95% CI: 44.0, 47.0). Among 1,055 (20.2%; 95% CI: 19.1, 21.3) individuals under anti-hypertensive treatment, 33 (3.1%) individuals had normal BP values. Higher risk of elevated BP/hypertension was associated with older age [odds ratio (OR): 1.04; 95% CI: 1.03,1.05], male gender (OR: 2.56; 95% CI: 2.10, 3.16), urban region (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.51), lower educational level (OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.87, 0.97), higher body mass index (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.18), higher waist-hip circumference ratio (OR: 6.16; 95% CI: 1.89, 20.0), higher prevalence of sitting or reclining for more than 18 h per week (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.61), higher prevalence of alcohol consumption (OR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.27, 2.05), and higher serum concentrations of triglycerides (OR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.43) and glucose (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.24). Using the former definition of hypertension (systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg), the prevalence of hypertension was 3,134/5,891 (53.2%; 95% CI: 51.9, 54.5).Conclusions: Using the new definition of arterial hypertension, the prevalence of elevated BP/hypertension in a typically mixed Russian population aged 40+ years was high (87.3%), with an awareness rate of 45.4% and treatment rate of 20.2%. The rate of therapeutic control of BP elevation in the individuals under treatment was

Published
2020

4. The prevalence of dry eye in a very old population.

Author

Bikbov, Mukharram M., Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M., Rakhimova, Ellina M., Rusakova, Iuliia A., Fakhretdinova, Albina A., Tuliakova, Azaliia M., Panda‐Jonas, Songhomitra, Gilmanshin, Timur R., Zainullin, Rinat M., Bolshakova, Natalia I., Safiullina, Kamilia R., Gizzatov, Ainur V., Ponomarev, Ildar P., Yakupova, Dilya F., Baymukhametov, Nail E., Nikitin, Nikolay A., and Jonas, Jost B.

Subjects
*DRY eye syndromes, *MEIBOMIAN glands, *HEARING disorders, *OLDER people, *PERIODIC health examinations, *SOFT drinks
Abstract

Purpose: To assess the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) and Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in a very old population. Methods: The Ural Very Old Study (UVOS), a population‐based cohort study performed in rural and urban Bashkortostan/Russia, included 1526 (81.1%) out of 1882 eligible individuals aged 85+ years. The participants underwent a detailed medical and ophthalmological examination including Schirmer´s test, slit‐lamp based assessment of the Meibomian glands and an interview. Results: The study included 1493 (97.8%) individuals with available information about DED (mean age: 88.3 ± 2.9 years). Schirmer´s test was ≤5 mm in 388 individuals (34.3%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 31.5, 37.1), and the mean score of subjective dry eye symptoms was 7.52 ± 2.14 (median: 6; range: 6–18; 95%CI: 7.41, 7.63). An MGD grade 1, 2, 3 and 4 was diagnosed in 367 (31.4%), 309 (26.4%), 89 (7.6%) and 39 (3.3%) eyes, respectively. The prevalence of DED diagnosis definition #2 (dry eye score ≥8, Schirmer´s test ≤5 mm) and definition #4 (dry eye score ≥7, Schirmer test ≤5 mm, MGD grade 1+), were 164/1132 (14.5%; 95%CI: 12.4, 16.5), and 167/1131 (14.8%; 95%CI: 12.7, 16.8), respectively. In multivariate analysis, higher DED prevalence was associated with female sex (odds ratio (OR): 2.36; 95%CI: 1.18, 4.71; p = 0.02), rural region of habitation (OR: 2.72; 95%CI: 1.10, 6.70; p = 0.03), longer axial length (OR: 1.30; 95%CI: 1.04,1.62; p = 0.02), higher hearing loss score (OR: 1.03; 95%CI: 1.01, 1.05; p = 0.001) and lower self‐reported salt consumption (OR: 0.64; 95%CI: 0.54, 0.75; p < 0.001). Conclusions: In this population‐based recruited very old study sample aged 85+ years, higher DED prevalence (dry eye score ≥8, Schirmer´s test <5 mm; mean: 14.5%) and MGD prevalence (any grade:68.8%) was associated with female sex, rural region of habitation, longer axial length, higher hearing loss score and lower salt consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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5. Prevalence, awareness and control of diabetes in Russia: The Ural Eye and Medical Study on adults aged 40+ years

Author

Bikbov, Mukharram M., Fayzrakhmanov, Rinat R., Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M., Zainullin, Rinat M., Arslangareeva, Inga I., Gilmanshin, Timur R., Salavatova, Venera F., Nikitin, Nikolai A., Mukhamadieva, Svetlana R., Yakupova, Dilya F., Khikmatullin, Renat I., Zaynetdinov, Artur F., Uzianbaeva, Yulia V., Aminev, Said K., Nuriev, Ildar F., and Jonas, Jost B.

Subjects
Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Blood Glucose, Male, Rural Population, Urban Population, Science, Age Factors, Awareness, Middle Aged, Body Mass Index, Russia, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Hypertension, Prevalence, Humans, Medicine, Female, Research Article, Aged
Abstract

PurposeNon-communicable chronic diseases have become the leading causes of mortality and disease burden worldwide. With information about the frequency of diabetes as a major non-communicable chronic disease in Russia being scarce, we assessed the prevalence of diabetes and its associated factors in a rural and urban population in Russia.MethodsThe Ural Eye and Medical Study is a population-based study in the city of Ufa/Russia and in villages in a distance of 65 km from Ufa. Inclusion criterion was an age of 40+ years. All study participants underwent a standardized interview and a detailed general examination. Diabetes mellitus was defined by a plasma glucose concentration ≥7.0 mmol/L or self-reported history of physician diagnosis of diabetes.ResultsOut of a population of 7328 eligible individuals, 5899 individuals (2580 (43.7%) men) (participation rate:80.5%) participated (mean age:59.0±10.7 years (range:40-94 years)). Diabetes mellitus was present in 687 individuals (11.7%;95% confidence interval (CI):11.9,12.5). Awareness rate of having diabetes was 500/687 (72.8%;95%CI:69.0,76.0), with mean known duration of diabetes of 10.0±9.4 years. Known type 1 diabetes was present in 44 subjects and known type 2 diabetes in 358 subjects. Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was 3.2% (95%CI:2.7,3.6) in the study population. Among patients with diabetes, 59.1% (95%CI:55.4,62.8) received treatment for diabetes, among whom 237 (58.5%;95%CI:53.7,63.3) individuals had adequate glycemic control. In multivariable analysis, higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus was associated with older age (PConclusionsIn this ethnically mixed, urban and rural Russian population aged 40+ years, the awareness rate of diabetes (72.8%) was relatively high, while the diabetes prevalence (11.7%) was comparable with that of other countries such as China and the USA. Factors associated with higher diabetes prevalence were similar in Russia and these other countries and included older age, higher body mass index and higher serum concentration of triglycerides, lower prevalence of vigorous daily work, arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.

Published
2019

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