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3 results on '"running tests"'

1. An assessment of four running tests used in military training.

Author

Tomczak, Andrzej and Stupnicki, Romuald

Subjects
MILITARY education, RUNNING, MOTOR ability, MILITARY personnel, ANALYSIS of variance
Abstract

Study aim: contemporary military activities call for extremely high coordinative motor skills, especially precision, attention focusing and motor adjustment. No obligatory tests assessing those skills are presently used by Polish armed forces. The aim of this study was thus to set up a procedure of assessing running skills involving coordination and motor adjustment, possible to be of military use. Material and methods: a group of 68 male students aged 22-25 years (23.42 ± 2.1 years) volunteered to participate in the study. The following tests were applied: 15-m sprint, shuttle run 3 × 5 m, 15-m slalom run and 15-m squat (on all fours). The tests were applied twice. The sums of all 4 velocities served as the dependent variable; its total variance was partitioned into percent contributions of the standardised results of 4 running tests. Results: it turned out that the total variance was explained in 95% by the 15-m sprint and 15-m squat nearly by half the contributions of the other two variables being non-significant. Two indices were constructed: Speed-strength index (W1) and Speed-agility index (W2). Discussion: the proposed indices representing the speed-strength and speed-agility potentials seem to adequately reflect running-related features required of soldiers performing field tasks. Those indices may also find use in monitoring motor skills of team game players, including their selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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2. Treadmill tests of anaerobic capacity.

Author

Dotan, Raffy

Subjects
*CARDIOPULMONARY system, *CYCLING, *EXERCISE physiology, *EXERCISE tests, *SPRINTING, *RUNNING, *ANAEROBIC exercises, *ANAEROBIC threshold, RESEARCH evaluation
Abstract

Practical, running-based treadmill tests of anaerobic capacity are needed and welcome, as long as they are validated against appropriate running performance. It is fundamentally wrong to validate them against the cycling-based Wingate Anaerobic test regardless of its proven validity and reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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3. Tenomodulin is Required for Tendon Endurance Running and Collagen I Fibril Adaptation to Mechanical Load

Author

Dex, Sarah, Alberton, Paolo, Willkomm, Lena, Söllradl, Thomas, Bago, Sandra, Milz, Stefan, Shakibaei, Mehdi, Ignatius, Anita, Bloch, Wilhelm, Clausen-Schaumann, Hauke, Shukunami, Chisa, Schieker, Matthias, and Docheva, Denitsa

Subjects
Physical Exertion, 610 Medizin, Gene Expression, lcsh:Medicine, Microscopy, Atomic Force, Collagen Type I, Running, Tendons, Mice, Atomic force microscopy, Animals, Humans, ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY, HUMAN ACHILLES-TENDON, STEM/PROGENITOR CELLS, SKELETAL-MUSCLE, CHONDROMODULIN-I, BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES, PERIODONTAL-LIGAMENT, ELASTIC PROPERTIES, CONNECTIVE-TISSUE, STEM-CELLS, Tenomodulin, Knockout mouse model, Running tests, Collagen I crosslinking, Mechanical Phenomena, Mice, Knockout, lcsh:R5-920, ddc:610, lcsh:R, Membrane Proteins, Adaptation, Physiological, lcsh:Medicine (General), Research Paper
Abstract

Tendons are dense connective tissues that attach muscles to bone with an indispensable role in locomotion because of their intrinsic properties of storing and releasing muscle- generated elastic energy. Tenomodulin (Tnmd) is a well-accepted gene marker for the mature tendon/ligament lineage and its loss-of -function in mice leads to a phenotype with distinct signs of premature aging on tissue and stem/progenitor cell levels. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that Tnmd might be an important factor in the functional performance of tendons. Firstly, we revealed that Tnmd is a mechanosensitive gene and that the C-terminus of the protein co-localize with collagen I-type fibers in the extracellular matrix. Secondly, using an endurance training protocol, we compared Tnmd knockout mice with wild types and showed that Tnmd deficiency leads to significantly inferior running performance that further worsens with training. In these mice, endurance running was hindered due to abnormal response of collagen I cross-linking and proteoglycan genes leading to an inadequate collagen I fiber thickness and elasticity. In sum, our study demonstrates that Tnmd is required for proper tendon tissue adaptation to endurance running and aids in better understanding of the structural-functional relationships of tendon tissues., Highlights • Tnmd is a mechanosensitive gene and its protein is co-localized with collagen I fibers in the ECM of tendons. • Tnmd knockout mice fail in endurance running tests, a phenotype that worsens with training. • Tnmd knockout tendons had significantly thicker and stiffer collagen I fibers and altered crosslinking gene expression. We performed a multidisciplinary approach to decipher the role of tenomodulin, a gene marker for the mature tendon lineage, in tendon functional performance. Loss-of-function in mice led to significantly inferior endurance running and detailed analyses revealed that tenomodulin is involved in the regulation of collagen I fiber structural and biomechanical properties in response to exercise. Our study expands the current view on the complex structural-functional relationships of tendon tissues, and tenomodulin expression levels may indicate whether an individual is suitable for a certain sport.

Published
2017

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