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Background: Nursing, as an essential component of contemporary healthcare systems, has undergone significant changes in recent decades, resulting in an increase in research across various fields, such as mental health, well-being, and the development of the discipline itself. Currently, gender stereotypes persist, impacting the social image of the profession and influencing the professional identity of nurses and consequently, their work performance and the quality of care provided. Both public and internal perceptions of the profession are critical factors in these dynamics. Objective: to adapt and validate the Nursing Attitude Questionnaire in a Spanish sample, as it has only been validated in two languages to date. Methods: This study presents descriptive and validity analyses of several measures utilized, such as Nursing Image (NIS), Medical Empathy (JSE-HP), Professional Values (NPVS) and Communication Skills (HP-CSS). Results: Confirmatory factor model analyses indicated that a 21-item hierarchical model provided a superior fit (χ2(df = 1.65, NFI = 0.954, SRMR = 0.065), suggesting the presence of a general factor accounting for five first-order factors. Internal consistency was deemed adequate for the total measures (α = 0.789), though variable for the subscales. Correlations among measures provided evidence of convergent and discriminant validity, highlighting consistent correlation patterns between Attitude toward Nursing and other variables. In addition, significant differences were observed in the Professionalism subscale according to sex, albeit with a medium-low effect size. Scales are presented to facilitate future interpretation of the results in similar samples. Conclusions: The scale validated in this study exhibited overall good psychometric performance, although certain limitations were identified within the subscales. The established scales represent a novel contribution, providing a valuable tool for the comparison of similar samples.

The bibliographical sources are basic elements of care study. The aim of work is the historical reconstruction of caring for women in the Roman era in the early C. I d focusing on the role of design and delivery and the treatment employed. Using qualitative methodology, historical method, focusing on hermeneutics, we study and analyze the characteristics of the design and the therapy used to alleviate the problems of women in the life cycle of reproduction in Roman times, from a constructivist paradigm. The source used is the Key Pliny’s Natural History Second, structured in 37 books. A book dedicated medical XXVI. There are plenty of dedicated therapeutic pharmacopoeia from animals and plants, providing the remedy to be used to facilitate the design, and each of the problems with menstruation, pregnancy and childbirth in women from Roman times Collecting Roman pharmacopoeia of the early century to C. Use plants and animals and natural elements of therapeutic formula that soothe, heal or cure various health problems of women in particular: conception, pregnancy, childbirth, childbirth and menstruation.

With this work we intend to carry out a study about the most frequent terminology used by nurses during the XVI-XVII century. According to classification and meaning of each health-related word, many of them allow us to come to conclusions about the various crafts of healing and caring and subsequently to obtain a good perspective of nursing and medicine during that period. All these terms and words about techniques, procedures, administration of the different medicines, diseases -some of then unknown in our days-, clarify the role of nurses in those centuries, their limitations and recognition. Among the conclusions, the relevance of the different theories, religion and popular beliefs is remarked upon.

Abuse in TV watching means children dedicating too many hours which should be invested in some other activities as games, and sports. It also means pigging out on junk, including in their diet those industrial products highly caloric and poor in nutrients which lead to nutritional upset, obesity and hyper-cholestherolemia. This is a second part of the Report done on TV Habits in a female population between 10 and 14 years of age in Palencia. An Inquiry was shared by girls and parents. The questions and data requested were basically on preferences, intake of food, products, junk, announced on TV at meals time while their preferred programmes were watched. Subjects participated in an anthropometric measurement, level of cholesterol in blood, glucaemia and blood pressure study. Outcomes show a large number of girls watching TV every day at meal times, demand those food announced on TV and they pig out on junk. Those girls with overweight problems do watch TV longer periods of time. Parents, teachers, paediatricians and nurses must be aware of all those negative effects in order to be able to improve well-fare and health behaviour patterns in children population.

Children in Western industrialised countries dedicate more time to watching television (TV) than to any other extra-school activity. Numerous international and national publications have shown that TV favours a sedentary lifestyle and reduces physical activity and school work. This descriptive, transversal study inquires into the TV-watching habits of the school population between 10 and 14 years of age in the city of Plasencia (Extremadura). The study method was based on filling in questionnaires addressed to 494 selected schoolchildren, their parents and their teachers, which referred to TV-watching habits, the time dedicated to physical exercise, sleep and reading, and academic performance. This article shows the results obtained with the 244 girls that participated in the survey. It was proved that girls dedicate 15.9 hours a week to watching TV, an amount of time well above the current recommendations, to the detriment of physical activity, sleep and study, and also that many parents allow their children to watch TV on their own, with no time limits or content selection. People responsible for children’s education must prepare specific programmes to re-educate children’s TV-watching habits.