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New robotics is an approach to robotics that, in contrast to traditional robotics, employs ideas and principles from biology. While in the traditional approach there are generally accepted methods (e. g., from control theory), designing agents in the new robotics approach is still largely considered an art. In recent years, we have been developing a set of heuristics, or design principles, that on the one hand capture theoretical insights about intelligent (adaptive) behavior, and on the other provide guidance in actually designing and building systems. In this article we provide an overview of all the principles but focus on the principles of ecological balance, which concerns the relation between environment, morphology, materials, and control, and sensory-motor coordination, which concerns self-generated sensory stimulation as the agent interacts with the environment and which is a key to the development of high-level intelligence. As we argue, artificial evolution together with morphogenesis is not only "nice to have" but is in fact a necessary tool for designing embodied agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decay in structure size of manufacturing products has yielded new demands on spontaneous composition methods. The key for the realization of small-sized robots lies in how to achieve the efficient assembly sequence in a bottom-up manner, where most of the parts have only limited (or no) computational (i.e. deliberative) abilities. In this paper, based on a novel self-assembly platform consisting of self-propulsive centimetre-sized modules capable of aggregation on the surface of water, we study the effect of stochasticity and morphology (shape) on the yield of targeted formations in self-assembly processes. Specifically, we focus on a unique phenomenon: that a number of modules instantly compose a target product without forming intermediate subassemblies, some of which constitute undesired geometrical formations (termed one-shot aggregation). Together with a focus on the role that the morphology of the modules plays, we validate the effect of one-shot aggregation with a kinetic rate mathematical model. Moreover, we examined the degree of parallelism of the assembly process, which is an essential factor in self-assembly, but is not systematically taken into account by existing frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Many different animal species rely on whiskers for a variety of tasks. Among the most basic are obstacle avoidance and wall-following. We show that fast and reliable evaluation of distances can be greatly improved by an appropriate sensory morphology that matches the physical space of the agent. To investigate morphologies and material properties of whiskers, we conduct experiments both on a real robot and in simulation using artificial evolution. We find that the morphology that is most successful at following a wall strongly resembles the morphologies of natural whiskers. This can be better understood by considering the relation of the agent body to its tactile sensing range, as well as the challenges of various tasks faced by agents endowed with different sensory modalities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Developmental robotics is an emerging field located at the intersection of robotics, cognitive science and developmental sciences. This paper elucidates the main reasons and key motivations behind the convergence of fields with seemingly disparate interests, and shows why developmental robotics might prove to be beneficial for all fields involved. The methodology advocated is synthetic and two-pronged: on the one hand, it employs robots to instantiate models originating from developmental sciences; on the other hand, it aims to develop better robotic systems by exploiting insights gained from studies on ontogenetic development. This paper gives a survey of the relevant research issues and points to some future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]