Search

Road traffic accident is a leading cause of death and various life deformities worldwide. This burden is even higher among motorcycle riders in lower-to-middle-income countries. Despite the various interventions made to address the menace, the fatalities continue to be on the ascendency. One major area that has received little attention is the attitude and behaviour of motorcycle riders. The present study aimed to examine the contribution of traffic Locus of Control (LoC) and health belief on road safety attitude and behaviour. 317 motorcycle riders participated in the study. The participants completed a questionnaire comprising various sections such as motorcycle riding behaviour, road safety attitude, risk perception, the intention to use helmets, and traffic LoC. The results showed a significant positive correlation between road safety attitude and behaviour (r (295) =.33, p <.001). Drifting towards internal LoC was associated with more positive behaviour on the roads (r (295) = -.23, p <.001). Intention to use helmet, health motivation, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers were the factors in the health belief model that were associated with road safety attitude (r (295) =.404, p <.001). Finally, the multiple linear regression model showed that road safety attitude and traffic LoC made significant contributions to road user behaviour [F(3, 293) = 13.73, p <.001]. These findings have important implications towards shaping responsible behaviour among motorcycle riders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing the speed of the vehicle can reduce the risk and severity of the collision. Automatic means of vehicle traffic operation control, such as automatic speed cameras, is one of the main methods to solve traffic violations such as speeding. This study takes the actual operation of the automated hardware complex for vehicle traffic control in the Russian Federation as the research objective, and discusses the impact of the application of automated hardware complex for vehicle traffic control on traffic safety. In the process of building the automated traffic flow monitoring system of urban agglomeration, it is necessary to form a set of methodology to evaluate the hardware complex of traffic infrastructure. According to the research results of the influence of vehicle traffic automation and control system on road safety, a model, method and algorithm were developed to evaluate the efficiency of automated hardware complex for vehicle traffic control. The relevant factors introduced into the intelligent transportation system for the overall evaluation of the application efficiency of the vehicle traffic operation control automation hardware complex were determined. A life cycle model of automated hardware complex for vehicle traffic operation control was established to evaluate its operation efficiency in the development stage of intelligent transportation system, and on this basis, the maneuverability standard of urban agglomeration traffic monitoring system management is determined. The results show that the number of hardware complexes used in vehicle traffic operation control has a positive impact on the road traffic accident rate. It is suggested that the standard of one hardware complex for every 6.5 thousand registered vehicles in this area should be used as an indicator of the equipment level of the integrated automated system for vehicle traffic control in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) are being developed and designed to operate on existing roads. Their safe and efficient operation during roadworks, where traffic management measures are often introduced, is crucial. Two alternative measures are commonly applied during roadworks on motorways: (i) closing one or multiple lanes (ii) narrowing one or all lanes. The former can cause delays and increased emissions, while the latter can pose safety risks. This study uses a VISSIM‐based traffic microsimulation to compare the effectiveness of these two strategies on traffic efficiency and safety, considering various market penetration rates (MPR) of CAVs. The model was calibrated and validated with the data collected from M1 motorway in the United Kingdom. Results show that average delays per vehicle‐kilometre‐travelled decreased from 102.7 to 2.5 s (with lane closure) and 23.6 to 0.6 s (with narrow lanes) with 0% and 100% CAV MPR, respectively. Moreover, safety in narrow lanes improved by 4.8 times compared to 1.5 times improvement in lane closure with a 100% CAV MPR; indicating that narrow lanes would result in better safety performance. These findings could assist transport authorities in designing temporary traffic management measure that results in better CAV performance when navigating through roadworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distracted driving is a major cause of road traffic crashes in Yaoundé. This is partly due to the scarcity of enforcement and a lack of evidence and investigation using the distraction safety performance indicator (SPI), hindering evidence-based interventions. This study aimed to address this evidence gap by evaluating the distraction SPI using a proven methodology. Data on distracted driving (handheld mobile device; interaction; eating/smoking/drinking) were collected from roadside observations on 36 randomly selected road sections carefully spread to cover the city. SPIs were computed and weighted with traffic volume to ensure the representativeness of the values. A total of 41,004 drivers were observed (38,248 in cars; 1116 in vans; 977 in trucks; 663 in buses). The prevalence of distracted driving in Yaoundé is 13.69% for the three distractions type combined. The prevalence is 7.84% for interaction, 4.89% for handled mobile device usage and 0.96% for eating/smoking/drinking. Leveraging these insights, a seven year (2024–2030) fighting strategy aimed at halving the prevalence was developed. The strategy contains interventions including legislation/enforcement, which have been proven to be effective. This study, pioneered in Yaoundé, provides stakeholders with evidence of the issue and measures to implement and can also be used when developing a road safety strategy. Future research should consider investigation at national level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cooperative Vehicular Platooning (Co-VP) is a prime example of Cooperative Cyber-Physical Systems (Co-CPS), offering great potential for enhancing road safety by reducing human involvement in driving. However, this domain presents significant challenges, incorporating control theory, communications, vehicle dynamics, security, and traffic engineering. This survey explores recent advancements in Co-VP, covering control strategies, communication infrastructures, and cybersecurity. It also examines testing and validation methods, such as simulation tools, hardware-in-the-loop setups, and vehicular testbeds. Lastly, it outlines open challenges within the Co-VP field. This comprehensive overview serves as a guide for further developments in this complex and critical area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lane width is crucial for traffic safety management. Previous studies have shown that inappropriate width will lead to an increase in accident probability and unsafe driving behaviors. However, there have been limited studies on determination method of special lane width for different models, especially for passenger cars. To tackle this problem, the lateral driving behavior characteristics of the expressway need to be clarified. This work aims to obtain the appropriate lane width according to the vehicles' width and lateral position characteristics. In this study, the lane lateral residual width (the distance between the vehicle body's contour and the lane marking on the same side) and the lateral safety margin are extracted as characterization indices of vehicle lateral characteristics from natural driving trajectory data of expressways. The effect of vehicle type, driving speed, and lane position on the expressway's trajectory behavior is investigated. The results show that the utilization rate of lane width is higher in the outer lane compared to the inner lane. As driving speed increases, vehicles in the inner and middle lanes exhibit shy away effect, moving away from obstacles. Substantial variations exist in the lateral width of lanes among different vehicle types. When driving in the same lane, passenger cars' lane lateral residual width that is 0.4–0.5 m wider than that of heavy vehicles. The recommended lane width for the safe operation of trucks on expressways is 3.75 m. After a comprehensive analysis of vehicle width, trajectory oscillation, and lateral safety margin, this study proposes a minimum lane width of 3.25 m and a recommended general width of 3.5 m for a passenger car‐only expressway. This study holds great significance in enhancing road safety and provides a valuable theoretical foundation for the design of lane width in a passenger car‐only expressway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to examine the traffic road safety curriculum, which is the extraordinary curriculum for children in Thailand. This educates about traffic road safety to children based on traffic engineering knowledge. The entire content of the curriculum is based on case studies that depict both hazardous and safe situations. It covers all road users, including pedestrians, intersection rules, private vehicle users, and public transportation users. In this research, animations are used instead of actual crash recordings to minimize the negative impact of severity. As this curriculum is new and not a part of the standard curriculum for children in Thailand, ensuring an effective curriculum and learning processes is crucial. Therefore, assessing the curriculum from actual users is one of the approaches to check and maintain the effectiveness of the curriculum. Direct assessments, both formative and summative, are conducted to evaluate children's learning abilities regarding traffic safety before and after training. Statistical analysis of the data reveals that the fundamental knowledge of traffic safety in children increases by 20.28 percent after training. The study shows that students are more likely to change their behaviors towards increased safety, with an average change of 34.30 percent. When evaluating satisfaction with the traffic safety training activities, most participating students express a high level of satisfaction with the teaching materials and lesson contents. It is evident that the curriculum is highly effective in enhancing learning skills while providing an enjoyable and participatory experience. Ultimately, the ones who benefit from this curriculum are the teachers who implement it and the children who will come to learn and absorb the knowledge and practices related to safety. The hope is that this curriculum will help increase awareness of safety among children and have a positive impact on their road usage behavior, making it safer in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to address the issue of the regulation of telematics in vehicles. The objective is to navigate the need to protect data privacy and data security while enhancing road safety through telematics. Vehicles telematics devices utilizing analytical and predictive technology can help identify and reduce the risk of dangerous driving. Such devices are a growing tool in the insurance industry and amongst vehicle manufacturers, allowing safe driving to be rewarded whilst dangerous driving can be penalized. Data generated through telematics can also be of use to traffic authorities and governments to help with traffic management and planning. As such, the EU is planning to mandate the use of such devices. The growing use of telematics has, however, faced major data privacy and data security concerns. The article evaluates regulatory responses from the US and EU, highlighting specific European countries. The purpose is to find an effective balance through comparative analysis between driver safety, data privacy and data security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Road traffic accidents are a major, but neglected global public health problem, requiring intensive efforts for effective and sustainable prevention. Of all the systems that people must deal with daily, road transport is the most complex, and the most dangerous. Road safety is an issue of national concern, considering its magnitude, gravity and the consequent negative impacts on the economy, public health and the general welfare of the people in South Africa. Road traffic accidents are a collective responsibility and all major stakeholders need to play their role in road safety and ensure that road users are safe whenever they are on the road. One of the major challenges for road traffic authorities in preventing road traffic accidents in South Africa is the inability of road users to understand and interpret the rules of the road and this contributes to a high rate of fatalities on the road. This qualitative article adopted the non-empirical research design: Systematic review. This study is completely based on the secondary data. A systematic review was done in detail for the collected literature. The key findings indicated that road users do not obey the rules of the road: jaywalking, speeding, driving and walking while impaired contribute to a high rate of fatalities on the road. The findings further indicated that law enforcement officials are not enforcing the law consistently which compromises the road safety project. Based on the findings, the author provided possible recommendations such as providing road safety campaigns throughout the year; capacitating law enforcement officials with resources to prevent road traffic accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most road traffic crash reports published in Nepali media provide little information about their causes, impacts, or preventability. Three workshops involving 31 journalists from diverse media platforms were held using published World Health Organisation resources, to provide training in good road safety reporting. Participants were invited to complete a survey exploring their motivation for participation and knowledge gained. Thirteen (42%) participants responded, reporting the acquisition of new knowledge for content generation, finding facts, active application of learning, and purposeful communication, and an intention to apply the skills learned in their work. A before and after assessment of 94 media outputs from workshop participants found an improvement in the use of story angles and ideas recommended in WHO resources. The study suggests that journalists are interested in developing their road safety reporting skills and that running such workshops has the potential to improve responsible reporting and the promotion of road safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Road traffic safety should be evaluated throughout the entire life-cycle of road design, operation, maintenance, and expansion construction. However, traditional methods for evaluating road traffic safety based on traffic accidents and conflict technology are limited by their inability to account for the complex environmental factors involved. To address this issue, a new road safety evaluation method has emerged that is based on driving behavior. Because drivers' behaviors may vary depending on the driving environment and their personal characteristics, evaluating road safety from the perspective of driver behavior has become a popular research topic. This paper analyzes current research trends and mainstream journals in the field of road safety evaluation of driving behavior. Additionally, it reviews the three most commonly used driving behavior data collection methods, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of each. The paper proposes the main application scenarios of road safety evaluation methods based on driving behavior, such as road design, evaluation of the effects of road appurtenances, and intelligent highways. Furthermore, the paper summarizes a driving behavior index system based on vehicle data, driver's physiological and psychological data, and driver's subjective questionnaire data. A comprehensive evaluation method based on the fusion of each index system is presented in detail. Finally, the paper points out current research problems and the future development direction of the road safety evaluation method based on driving behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the initial experience (spring-summer 2023) of using artificial neural networks (ANN) in improving traffic management in the large Russian city of Tyumen. Using the example of one of the intersections of the city's road network, it is shown how much transport delays are reduced when the duration of the traffic light cycle phases is quickly adjusted to the actual traffic intensity when compared with the usual previously used traffic light predictive mode. For the specific intersection of Odesskaya and Kotovskogo streets in Tyumen, considered in this article, the traffic light control mode using an ANN can significantly (by 20.6 ... 22.4%) reduce the average delay time of vehicles. It is also important that the reduction in traffic delays, which is possible with the regulation of traffic using ANN, helps to reduce stress for road users and improve road safety. The article presents historical data illustrating the dynamics of changes in the field of traffic management and road safety in Tyumen. This information well confirms the thesis about the dialectic of systemic development and the need for a gradual increase in the intellectual component in traffic management in large cities. The Applications (Appendix A and Appendix B) present the code of the auxiliary procedures and functions module and the code of the main data collection module used to optimize the traffic light control mode at the experimental intersection of the Tyumen road network. The main conclusion of the study is that use of an ANN allows taking into account a much larger number of factors and optimizing the control of the entire object, consisting of several intersections, which is not achievable using predictive modes and local adaptive control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) have emerged to provide a range of intelligent transport services that optimize traffic management, improve the travel experience of road users, increase road safety and security, and reduce the negative environmental impacts of transport. C-ITS, which aim to ensure that intelligent transport services function effectively and efficiently, communicate and exchange data with vehicles, road users, traffic control centers, and road infrastructure as well. In this study, an overview of C-ITS related activities in the world and in Türkiye are discussed. C-ITS studies in literature and the objectives and benefits of C-ITS, its stakeholders, its relationship with ITS, its components and services are examined. After summarizing C-ITS studies in the world, policies and strategies in Europe, USA and Asian countries, and the current situation in Türkiye is provided. In addition, since there are limited studies on C-ITS in Türkiye, where ITS is still in its development stage, it is aimed to contribute to the literature by presenting recommendations for Türkiye to support the dissemination of C-ITS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The usage of the Internet of Things (IoT) in the field of transportation appears to have immense potential. Intelligent vehicle systems can exchange seamless information to assist cars to ensure better traffic control and road safety. The dynamic topology of this network, connecting a large number of vehicles, makes it vulnerable to several threats like authentication, data integrity, confidentiality, etc. These threats jeopardize the safety of vehicles, riders, and the entire system. Researchers are developing several approaches to combat security threats in connected and autonomous vehicles. Artificial Intelligence is being used by both scientists and hackers for protecting and attacking the networks, respectively. Nevertheless, wirelessly coupled cars on the network are in constant peril. This motivated us to develop an intrusion detection model that can be run in low-end devices with low processing and memory capacity and can prevent security threats and protect the connected vehicle network. This research paper presents an Attention-enabled Hierarchical Deep Neural Network (AHDNN) as a solution to detect intrusion and ensure autonomous vehicles' security both at the nodes and at the network level. The proposed AHDNN framework has a very low false negative rate of 0.012 ensuring a very low rate of missing an intrusion in normal communication. This enables enhanced security in vehicular networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) offer real-time data and content exchange in vehicular environments. However, challenges such as host-based communication, vehicle mobility, and complex topologies hinder effective vehicular networks, impacting data distribution, content delivery, and user experiences. On the other hand, Named Data Networking (NDN) presents a potential solution to address these challenges and provide a primary communication paradigm for VANET. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of Vehicular Named Data Networking (VNDN), an integrated solution of NDN and VANET, for improving road safety, traffic control, and user experience in autonomous vehicles. We explore VNDN communication in depth with regard to the present state-of-the-art barriers and practical approaches. Moreover, we provide solutions for future VNDN paradigms, including security and privacy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to analyze the VNDN communication model comprehensively, and we discuss challenges and future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CONTEXT: The WHO's Global Status Report on road safety 2015 indicates that worldwide the total number of road traffic deaths has plateaued at 1.25 million per year, with the highest road traffic fatality rates in low-income countries. Urgent action is needed to achieve the determined target for road safety, reflected in the newly adopted 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (goals 3 and 11), and halving the global number of deaths and injuries from road traffic crashes by 2020. AIM: This present study aims to estimate the prevalence of near-miss events among medical students using bikes and cars in Chennai. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 300 undergraduate and postgraduate medical students who were studying at the Government Medical College of Chennai were included in this cross-sectional study. A predesigned semi structured validated questionnaire was used to collect the data from the participants and was analysis was done. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: In this study, the data analyzed were qualitative data. Chi-square test was used to test the significance. Analysis was done using SPSS version 17. RESULTS: More than half of the students (61.7%) participated in the study belonged to the age group 17-21 years and were pursuing 2nd year of MBBS. The prevalence of near-miss among medical students was found to be 56.3%. This study revealed that many students had been involved in the near-miss events due to violations of traffic rules and regulations. Most of the students showed corrective behavior after previous near-miss experiences to avoid road traffic accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Transportation & Logistics / Ulaştırma ve Lojistik Dergisi is the property of Journal of Transportation & Logistics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The European Union has an ambition to achieve zero road deaths by 2050. It is an ambitious target, but not an unachievable one. The installation of a front brake light, which provides information to other road users that the vehicle is braking, can help to achieve this goal. Today, this information is available to road users who can see the rear of the vehicle. Because the brake lights are located at the rear of the vehicle. The information that the vehicle is braking is also important when looking at the front of the vehicle. Whether it is other drivers or other road users such as pedestrians and cyclists. The aim of this paper is to conduct a research among professional road transport drivers on what their opinion about the front brake light is. From their opinion, we will conclude whether such light has the potential to improve road safety or not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stakeholders play a crucial role in ensuring the smooth design and implementation of policies worldwide. This research presents the results of three focus groups carried out with stakeholders from different transport ministries and agencies involved in road safety in Nigeria. It aimed to understand their perception of road safety in Nigeria through discussing the road safety situation, measures, and strategies for improvement. Results showed that poor road design, organisation and implementation of road safety legislation, road user behaviour and inadequate research were impeding the improvement of road safety in Nigeria. Amongst the road safety measures discussed, public education and information campaigns were rated by each stakeholder group as very effective and easy to implement despite this not being supported by the wider literature. However, there were some variations in perception regarding the effectiveness of measures such as traffic control, road design and maintenance. Improving the road safety situation in Nigeria would require more concerted effort and an overall system-based policy reform involving both government and road users. The results of this study will contribute to and provide research evidence-based recommendations needed to design and develop integrated road safety policies and sustainable implementation strategies in Nigeria and other developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Road safety is a major global concern, as millions of lives are lost every year because of road accidents. Towards an effort to increase road safety, several Internet-of-Vehicle systems have been developed over the last years in order to better monitor vehicle and driver behavior and issue warnings that effectively prevent life-threatening accidents. These systems face a number of challenges including connectivity issues and high installation and/or maintenance costs. The current work introduces the ODOS2020 system, an integrated Internet-of-Vehicles system aiming to increase road safety. The system comprises several On-the-Road Units for vehicle-related data collection from affordable, energy-efficient magnetometers and calculation of critical parameters, such as each passing vehicle's speed and direction. A Road-Side Unit accumulates data from the On-the-Road Units, sends data to a cloud infrastructure for further analysis and sends dedicated warnings to the drivers based on their road behavior and/or specific traffic conditions via a dedicated Human–Machine Interface. The overall system architecture and the key features of its modules are being presented, as well as the evaluation results of specially designed tests performed in an actual motorway under real use case scenarios. The evaluation results showed both a very good technical performance of the system and a high level of user acceptance. This in turn means that the system can be employed for effective traffic control and road accident avoidance via monitoring of critical vehicle parameters and early warning of the drivers based on their and other drivers' behavior, road conditions and real-time, unpredictable events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The enormous loss of life, as well as economic loss, incurred by road traffic crashes means that rigorous research efforts, especially in developing countries, are needed to investigate risk factors that significantly influence crash severity. The objective of this study is to explore empirically the impact of driver and vehicle characteristics, environmental conditions and collision pattern on motorway (freeway) crash severity. The past 7 years' worth of data (2009–2015) on motorway crashes, collected by the National Highway and Motorway Police Pakistan, are used in the study. An ordered probit model is estimated using four levels of injury severity: property damage only, minor injury, major injury and fatal injury. Ten explanatory variables show a significant association with crash severity on motorways. Major risk factors that are found to increase the propensity for severe injury are speeding, drowsiness, head-on collision due to driving the wrong way, illegal pedestrian crossing and increasing age of drivers. The model's predictive performance is also discussed. The study findings emphasise the need for enhanced road safety enforcement measures for reducing crash severity on high-speed limited-access facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A road accident risk map that is designed to locate high-risk areas is an efficient way to reduce road traffic injuries and fatalities. To produce an accurate road accident risk map, it is required to compute the probability of the accident's occurrence by considering the various variables that contribute to road accidents. To this end, this research proposed a generalized regression neural network tuned with self-organizing map to estimate the risk of road accidents. This hybrid predictive model estimates the road accident risk by considering 22 different predictor variables (features), including geographic characteristics, temporal conditions, weather conditions, road-related characteristics, vehicle-related characteristics, and driver characteristics calculated based on the authoritative data sources and volunteered geographic information (VGI). The required VGI was collected in this study by developing a third-party application that was run inside telegram messenger. To evaluate the performance and usability of the proposed model for estimation of the accident risk along the road, the developed model was applied to the Tabriz-Marand dual carriageway, Iran. In this sense, 30 different scenarios were designed, and for each scenario, the risk of the accident was predicted at 3008 points along the Tabriz-Marand dual carriageway. A quality assessment of the proposed approach for different scenarios demonstrated that the predicted accident risk had very high accuracy (average accuracy about 90.74%). According to the results of this research, distance from traffic control cameras, day of the week, driver's age, weather, elevation, and vehicle type were the most effective factors in high-risk areas of the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is a fast Developing Country in the World. During Construction or development of Road Projects occurs a Accidents for Labours, Traffic Vehicles in sometime Environmental problems are created due to Unscientific or Unsafe Highway Construction Management Technique's. In the Highway Construction involves Physical, Chemical, Electrical, and Machineries Hazardous to the labours or Workers in Road Construction Site. And also includes Risky Operations and Occupational Unhealthy Operation, Unskilled labours Causes Deaths, Minor or Major Health issues, Accidents, delay of work, Cost affect to Contractors, losses of Construction Company Reputation. For the most important the Ergonomic injuries due to the High or Low illumination of light, High levels of Sound (db) Toxic Substances are causes the Accidents are occurred from the Ergonomic factors, Such as Exertion, Physical Contact with Pressure, Exposure to vibrating Machineries, Expose the body to Extreme Heat or Cold Environment have create major problems on Work and Safety of the Road Construction. Mainly the workers or Labors Suffering from the Muscular Skeletal Disorders, Strain & Stress Due to the hard work, Collision with Equipment, Vehicle related Accidents. Mainly the Labours and workers behavior Plays a very important role in the Road or Highway Construction Site. The Occupational Safety and Health Act (1970) defines Protect the Employers, have a legal obligation provide with a Safe Environment with Safety Precautionary Measurements in Highway Construction. The main agenda of this Paper is to Educate and Awareness for the labors, how and why to use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) at Highway Construction Site, Safety Regulations, Traffic Control Systems, Safety Culture adopted in Highway Construction, Identifying the Hazard Materials, First Aid Treatment, Causes of Accidents and Hazards, Environmental Awareness and Health Awareness Programs, Covid-19 Pandemic's etc. And Mainly the Paper Concluded that Create a Awareness among Highway Construction Workers and Educate to Adopt the Various Safety Related Equipments, Measurements, and Protection in Highway Construction Site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Road traffic injury is the seventh leading cause of death in low-income countries, the tenth leading cause of death in resource-limited countries for all ages, and the leading cause of death for adolescents and youths worldwide. In this study, we seek to provide information on youths' perceptions of risky road traffic safety behaviours. A self-administered survey on youths' risk perceptions of road traffic crashes in The Gambia and Tanzania was distributed to students at universities in The Gambia and at the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences in Tanzania. Risky behaviours and distractions were identified as the primary risk of crashes involving youths. Texting while driving (The Gambia 56.6%, Tanzania 83.7%, AOR = 1.72, 95% CI = 0.5, 5.88) or riding in cars whose drivers had been drinking alcohol (The Gambia 20.2%, Tanzania 59.7%, AOR = 3.12, 95% CI = 1.17, 8.36) were major concerns. These results indicate that the implementation of interventions to reduce driver distractions and impairment are needed in both countries. Prevention efforts should focus on not only roadway designs and vehicle factors, but also on the traffic safety culture and education of road users, especially the youth and young adults. These results fill a knowledge gap that will be beneficial to developing effective interventions to promote a traffic safety culture among youths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Road traffic safety depends on the road surface, weather, and the driver's behaviour on the road. Safety primarily depends on the behaviour of drivers, who often violate the law and, for example, exceed the speed limit, use a mobile phone while driving, or run red lights at intersections. Another problem for road safety is drivers operating vehicles under the influence of alcohol and/or other psychoactive substances such as amphetamine and its analogues, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ-9-THC), cocaine, opioids and benzodiazepines. The study aimed to analyze data obtained from blood tests performed on drivers stopped for roadside checks by police officers in Szczecin in the years 2016-2020 (West Pomerania province). Materials and methods: Secured blood samples were analyzed for the type and concentration of specific psychoactive substances which were initially detected in drivers during roadside checks. Quantitative blood tests were carried out using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Results: In 2016-2020, 1,607 drivers were tested at the Department of Clinical and Forensic Toxicology of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin. Records indicated that each year, the rate of road users who were under the influence of a psychoactive substance as defined by law was increasing. The analysis revealed that the most frequently detected substance was amphetamine in 2017 (61%), 2018 (48%) and 2020 (48%), and Δ-9-THC in 2016 and 2019 (48%). Conclusions: In the analyzed period, in contrast to the number of drivers testing positive for amphetamine and ?-9-THC, the rate of road users testing positive for opiates, cocaine or benzodiazepines in blood was relatively low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Traffic & Transportation Research / Trafik ve Ulaşım Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Traffic & Transportation Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

India is one of the fastest emerging and young nation that unfortunately ranks at the top with the highest number of fatalities due to road accidents that contributes 11% share in the world. Nonetheless, there are only a few studies that have been carried out for understanding the Indian adolescent road user behavioural effects on traffic safety. Thus, this study explores the adolescent road-user behaviour for urban India by exercising a questionnaire survey among adolescents (N = 1,015) at Patna, India to comprehend road safety behavioural characteristics. The behavioural questionnaire comprises of 40 items of adolescent road user in the age group of 13 to 17-year-old to analyse the parameter which influences the injuries and fatalities for this age group. These adolescents have been evaluated based on their rapid physical, psychological, cognitive and social development involving in unsafe riding behaviour, rash riding, speeding on the open road and dangerous thought patterns. The Adolescent Road User Behaviour Questionnaire (ARUBQ) completed along with the interaction effects of age, gender, qualification, religion, etc. on a 5-point Likert scale. The principal axis factor analysis using varimax rotation has been performed to a response of 40 items which were best fitted and revised to 27 items that have good internal confidence reliability. The three variables factors: "unsafe road crossing behaviour", "dangerous playing on the road", and "planned protective behaviour" solutions were identified based on a study of adolescent road-user behaviour. The effects of demographic variables on ARUBQ scale's score were obtained for each behavioural item. This study in the context of emerging urban India ascertains and provide a tool for future study in the enforcement of traffic rule and regulation that can play an important role in developing road-user safety for adolescents in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the nature and causes of unsafe driving behavior at roundabouts through an on-road study. Four urban double-lane roundabouts with different layouts were selected for an on-road study. Sixty-six drivers (41 males and 25 females) aged 18-65 years took part in the study. Unsafe behaviors observed during the in situ survey were divided into three different categories: entry unsafe behaviors, circulation unsafe behaviors, and exit unsafe behaviors. Three chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) analyses were developed in order to analyze the influence of roundabout characteristics and maneuvers on unsafe behaviors at double-lane roundabouts. The results confirmed the awareness that double-lane roundabouts are unsafe and inadvisable. More than half of unsafe driving behaviors were found to be entry unsafe behaviors. Moreover, the entry radius was found to be the geometric variable most influencing unsafe driving behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-visibility safety apparel (HVSA) is personal protective clothing that provides visual conspicuity to reduce police officers' risk of fatality or injury from road traffic accidents. Under the current U.S. Department of Transportation's Federal Highway Administration regulations, police officers on or near Federal-Aid highways are mandated to wear HVSA to enhance their visibility. Although wearing HVSA can significantly prevent traffic-related fatalities among police officers, studies have shown that they do not consistently, or ever, wear it. This study identifies factors influencing HVSA noncompliance among officers by exploring their perceptions of its use and efficiency. Ninety-eight police officers completed a field survey in four cities in Yavapai County, Arizona; their responses were analyzed via predictive decision tree modeling. The results indicated that officers' HVSA-wearing behavior can be predicted by safety ethics, professional appearance, occupation risk, functionality of HVSA, and safety education. Among these predictors, safety ethics and professional appearance were the most important factors in forecasting officers' HVSA-wearing behavior. Our study contributes to enhancing knowledge about the psychological aspects of officers' HVSA-wearing behavior and provides implications for improving their traffic safety policies and compliance in the law enforcement community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children pedestrians make up 30% of the total number of children injured in road traffic in the EU. Research shows that children are injured more often in the urban areas, in residential areas near schools and parks, often at intersections and pedestrian crossings. In this study, children's traffic behavior was analyzed by observation of signalized pedestrian crosswalks. According to the same methodology, the research was conducted in three cities in two countries (Enna, Italy, Osijek and Rijeka, Croatia) with different urban and traffic characteristics. A total of 900 measurements were analyzed, 300 in each of the cities at 18 pedestrian crosswalks located in an urban setting in the vicinity of primary schools. A detailed statistical analysis of the influence parameters shows that, as general influence parameters, pedestrian crosswalk length, movement in a group and the age of children can be distinguished. Factors that have proven to have a significant influence on the movement of children in two of the three cities observed are gender, supervision by adults, running and cellphone use. The result can serve as a valuable input for interventions in traffic education as well as a basis for the improvement of traffic conditions at intersections where children are regularly present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Sciencepaper is the property of China Sciencepaper and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) is a universally adopted tool for assessing aberrant driver behaviour. Irrespective of the popularity of the self-report method, the applicability of the DBQ in developing countries like India remained unexamined. The present study aims to analyse the aberrant driver behaviour towards road safety measures using DBQ and investigate demographic variables relationship on aberrant driver behaviour and traffic offences. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis supported the original factor structure. Overall, the results showed that the cross-cultural form of the DBQ is a valid and reliable tool for assessing driving behaviour in India. Results provide valuable information about the impact of demographics on driving behaviour, which will help take preventive measures in road design and traffic management in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three of the most important objectives of the Federal Road Police (Patrol) when managing the traffic on federal roads in Brazil are to ensure that there is an efficient movement of traffic under stable conditions and minimal traffic congestion problems that the federal highways are safe and that accidents do not occur. Therefore, multiple matters are relevant for road safety and user security, such as prompt maintenance of these highways, regular monitoring of their state of conservation and their characteristics; controlling the traffic; and preventing and combatting criminal activities on the highways. However, considering the vast network and different conditions of roads, the different types of traffic accidents and their consequences, and different levels of violence on federal roads, it is essential that these roads undergo regular maintenance and regular inspections, are constantly patrolled, and are subject to continuous improvements. Therefore, defining the prioritization and criticality of roads takes on the characteristics of a multicriteria decision, given the multidimensional aspects of the risks inherent in them. Thus, this paper presents a multicriteria decision model for prioritizing road sections, based on their criticality and the risks that users face. The model was applied using the FITradeoff method, due to its flexibility and due to it requiring less cognitive effort from the decision-maker with regard to providing information regarding his/her preferences. A case study was undertaken on a set of the federal roads of the state of Pernambuco (Brazil), covering 22 different sections with different characteristics. As a result, it was possible to rank and identify the most critical sections of a highway. The use of FITradeoff gave support to decision-making on ordering the sections and also let a general analysis of the data be undertaken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers in the resilience engineering space have proposed the notion that organisations operating in complex socio-technical systems cannot 'be' resilient but can have the 'potential for resilient performance'. This theoretical stance also suggests that organisations wanting to enhance their potential for resilience begin by measuring their operational safety performance against four key potentials, these being: the Potential to Anticipate; the Potential to Respond; the Potential to Learn; and the Potential to Monitor. Furthermore, to measure these four key resilience constructs, organisations have been recommended to use a Resilience Assessment Grid (RAG) developed as part of this theory. However, scarce research appears to have been conducted that bridges the theory and practice divide on just how organisations can pragmatically measure their current performance against these four resilience potentials using the RAG. Therefore, this research was interested in undertaking a pilot study using RAG theory in order to examine an organisation's four resilience potentials, and was conducted within a large road transport organisation in Australia. Results indicated that measuring both the four individual potentials and a combination of the four potentials was possible using a RAG and proved effective in providing a snapshot of operational safety system resilience concepts. Recommendations on how to increase organisational resilience potentials were provided to ensure future safety endeavours would enhance the organisation's potential to be resilience in the face of system variability and operational demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of the traffic control plan, road markings form the traffic surface and provide visual guidance for road users. Since their first application to the present day, road markings have become a common element of road infrastructure and one of the basic low-cost safety measures. The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic review of the most significant academic activities to date regarding the influence of longitudinal and transverse road markings as well as road markings for hazard locations (curves, intersections, and rural-urban transitions) on driver's behaviour and overall road safety. The review includes a total of 71 studies from which are 52 peer-reviewed journal studies, 4 conference proceedings, and 15 professional reports. The studies are, based on their aim, divided into two categories: (1) studies on the impact of road markings on driver behaviour (36 studies) and (2) studies on the impact of road markings on road safety (35 studies). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Profiling of medico-legal cases is an important aspect for the prevention of preventable casualties in future and to study the genuine crime in the area which contributes a substantial workload in casualty department. Objectives: The aim of the study is to measure the incidence of medicolegal cases recorded in a tertiary care hospital in South India in one year. Method: A retrospective analytical content based analysis was made on 776 medicolegal cases recorded in a tertiary care hospital in South India in one year from June 1st 2017 to May 31st 2018 and the results were tabulated. Results: Of the 776 cases, 545 were men and 231 were women with RTA constituting 70.74% (549 cases) of the cases and poisoning with 10.69% (83 cases) of the cases forming the majority of the case profile. Conclusion: The study concludes that road traffic accidents are the major causes of medicolegal cases recorded in a tertiary care hospital in South India. Preventive measures of better traffic control and road safety are to be instituted at the earliest. More number of medicolegal profiling should be conducted in every region for further measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every year, a lot of people lose their lives and health on Polish roads, which at best ends up damaging the car. Resultantly, the high rate of accidents prompted this study in conjunction with the Poviat Police Headquarters in Piła to analyse road traffic safety in the Piła poviat. To this end, road events occurring in Poland and in the Piła poviat were analysed. In addition, the most common types of road incidents were identified alongside the main reasons for their occurrence. By analysing traffic incidents, a map of the most dangerous streets in Piła was created. A survey was conducted to verify the statistical data presented on the state of safety in the Piła poviat. The survey on road safety in the Piła poviat was created in cooperation with the Poviat Police Headquarters in Piła and was conducted among the residents of the Piła poviat. Inhabitants of the Piła poviat feel safe on the roads along the roads of their poviat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the resources for road safety in developing countries are scarce and unevenly distributed, vulnerable road users -such as the elderly- may be particularly at risk of road traffic deaths. To date, the impact of road safety measures over the rate of road traffic deaths in older adults (60 years or older), considering the within-country socioeconomic inequalities, has not been explored in developing nations. This study takes the Chilean case as an example -with its 2005 traffic law reform as one of the road safety measures investigated-, in which open data available from official national sources for all its 13 regions over the 2002–2013 period were used for a multilevel interrupted time-series analysis. A statistically significant secular reduction of the rates of road traffic deaths in the elderly population was found (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91 to 0.99), but no evidence for a significant intercept or slope change after the traffic law reform was observed. Regions with the highest number of traffic offenses prosecuted in local police courts had lower rates of road traffic deaths in older adults (IRR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.00), and those regions in the third (IRR 1.61, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.25) and the fifth (IRR 1.66, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.54) quintiles of socioeconomic deprivation had higher rates of road traffic deaths in the elderly. Such findings strongly support the conceptualization of the road safety of seniors in developing countries as a social equity issue, with implications for the design of traffic regulations and road environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the safety of the road tunnel operation environment, the highway tunnel operation environment safety evaluation index system is constructed from four aspects ： road environment, traffic engineering facility environment, traffic operation environment and climate environment. Based on the set pair analysis and the extension matter element principle, the comprehensive e- valuation model of the extension element is constructed. In order to eliminate the inaccuracy of the fixed value of the evaluation index, the set pair analysis theory is used to convert the mixed evaluation index variable into a quantifiable correlation index. The extension matter element principle is used to calculate the comprehensive correlation degree of the extension element model evaluation index. Ac­cording to the principle of maximum membership degree, three evaluation levels of road tunnel operation environment safety are deter­mined. This method can realize the transition from passive security control to active security prevention management mode, ensuring the safe and smooth operation environment of highway tunnels, and verifying the practicability of the method through implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the influence of slope sections and random degradation of the communication function of cooperative adaptive cruise control vehicles and the effect of the cooperative adaptive cruise control vehicle group driving, a linear stability criterion for heterogeneous traffic flow composed of cooperative adaptive cruise control vehicles and humanly-driven vehicles on slopes is derived, and a parameter sensitivity analysis is carried out. On this foundation, the safety of traffic flow on two-lane roads up and down hills is simulated while considering the lane-changing behavior of automobiles. The stability study shows increased cooperative adaptive cruise control vehicle penetration and uphill gradient will help improve traffic flow stability. In contrast, the increase in the downhill slope will intensify the transmission amplitude of the disturbance. When vehicle starting sensitivity is 2.5, and the gradient is 60, the minimum cooperative adaptive cruise control vehicle penetration required for mixed traffic flow to maintain stability on a downhill at any initial equilibrium speed is 85%, and the minimum penetration required on an uphill is 73%, and this proportion decreases with the increase in the uphill gradient and increases with the rise in the downhill slope. According to the safety study, increasing cooperative adaptive cruise control vehicle penetration and implementing lane-changing rules will improve traffic flow safety. Compared with the straight section, under the same conditions, the traffic flow safety of the uphill section is the best, and the safety of the downhill section is poor, which is consistent with the stability analysis results. This study is of great significance for future traffic control strategies for mountain roads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In research on traffic injury prevention, young male drivers willing to take risks are known as "young problem drivers" and have been identified as the greatest road safety challenge. This intersectional study draws on interviews and participant observation, and employs a masculinity perspective to explore how 12 young, male drivers who were injured in severe accidents assess driving after their accidents and ways in which they construct their identities as disabled men. While the participants cited their accidents as a turning point that prompted a change in their attitudes and practices regarding driving, they often continued to engage in deviant driving practices, especially speeding. In addition, the men tended to distance themselves from the social category of disability. We propose that the field of traffic injury prevention would benefit from supplementing the biological approach in the research literature with cultural perspectives on the internal logics and prevailing masculinity discourses that guide the choices of young, male drivers. Also, we argue that the men's negotiation of disability illustrates the stigma still attached to the social category of disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automated vehicles (AVs) are expected to assist in decreasing road traffic fatalities, particularly among passenger cars. However, until now limited research has been conducted on how they will impact the safety of vulnerable road users (VRUs) (i.e., cyclists and pedestrians). Therefore, there is a clear need to start taking into account the interactions between AVs and VRUs as an integrated element of the transport network, especially in urban areas where they are dominant. The objective of this study is to verify whether the anticipated implementation of AVs can actually improve cyclists' safety. For this purpose, the microscopic traffic flow simulation software PTV Vissim combined with the surrogate safety assessment model (SSAM) were utilized. The road network used for this analysis was generated based on a real study case in a medium-sized city in Belgium, where narrow streets in the city center are shared on many occasions between vehicles and cyclists. The findings of the analysis show a notable reduction in the total number of conflicts between cars, but also between cars and cyclists, compared to the current situation, assuming a 100% market penetration scenario for AVs. Moreover, the severity level of conflicts also decreased as a result of the lack of human-driven vehicles in the traffic streams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Engineering judgment is widely trusted. In road safety the trust may not be deserved. • Engineers are not trained in road safety nor learn it from their own experience. • Engineers must hold safety paramount. Transportation engineers cannot really do so. • It is up to standard committees to strike and informed safety vs. 'utility' balance. Decisions that highway and traffic engineers make significantly affect the safety of road users. The documents that guide highway and traffic engineering practice suggest that many of these decisions be made by 'engineering judgment'. One would like this judgment to be informed by evidence-based anticipation of their likely safety consequences and by a professional ability to balance safety against mobility and other dimensions of 'utility'. I show that these desiderata are largely unfulfilled. The many implications of this finding are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]